Treatment of oligodendrogliomas with or without postoperative irradiation

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Wallner ◽  
Michael Gonzales ◽  
Glenn E. Sheline
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Irradiation ◽  
Postoperative Irradiation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The University ◽  
Mixed Tumors ◽  
Histological Progression

✓ The authors have reviewed the treatment results in 42 patients with intracranial oligodendroglioma treated from 1940 through 1983 at the University of California, San Francisco. Two patients who died postoperatively were excluded from analysis. Eleven patients had mixed tumors, with a minor astrocytic component. The overall survival rates for the 29 patients with pure oligodendroglioma were 61% and 33% at 5 and 10 years, respectively; these rates for the 11 patients with mixed tumors were 57% and 38% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The 10-year survival rate for 14 patients with pure oligodendroglioma who received greater than 45 Gy irradiation was 56% versus 18% for 11 patients who did not receive postoperative irradiation (p = 0.09). Nine patients with mixed tumor who received more than 45 Gy postoperatively had survival rates similar to those for the 14 patients with pure tumors irradiated with more than 45 Gy (p = 0.89). All patients who died of their tumor had evidence of intracranial recurrence. One patient, who did not receive initial postoperative irradiation, also had clinical and myelographic evidence of spinal seeding. All five patients examined postmortem had tumor recurrence at the primary site; one patient also had intraventricular seeding. Six of the 10 patients with pure oligodendroglioma who had a repeat biopsy at the time of tumor recurrence or at postmortem examination showed histological progression to an anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. Based on this study, adult patients with pure or mixed oligodendroglioma currently are treated with partial-brain irradiation to a dose of about 60 Gy. In general, children are treated with partial-brain irradiation to about 50 Gy.

Efficacy of irradiation for incompletely excised acoustic neurilemomas

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Wallner ◽  
Glenn E. Sheline ◽  
Lawrence H. Pitts ◽  
William M. Wara ◽  
Richard L. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Preoperative Irradiation ◽  
Tumor Vascularity ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postoperative Irradiation ◽  
The University

✓ The records of 124 patients treated for acoustic neurilemoma at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1945 through 1983 were reviewed. Patients were classified by the extent of surgical resection: total, nearly total (90% to 99% resection), subtotal (< 90% resection), or biopsy. Thirty-one patients received irradiation as part of their primary treatment. Total resection of tumor, without irradiation, was associated with a 3% chance of local recurrence. One of 15 patients who had nearly total resection of their tumor and did not receive postoperative irradiation suffered a recurrence, compared with neither of the two patients who received postoperative irradiation (> 45 Gy) following nearly total resection. Postoperative irradiation (> 45 Gy) decreased the recurrence rate after subtotal resection from 46% (six of 13 cases without irradiation) to 6% (one of 17 cases: p = 0.01). All three patients treated by biopsy alone received postoperative irradiation (> 45 Gy), and none had a recurrence. Six patients were treated with preoperative irradiation because of excessive tumor vascularity; four are without evidence of disease 12 to 23 years later. Only three of seven patients treated with irradiation for tumor recurrence after surgical resection survived. It is concluded that postoperative irradiation significantly decreased the chance for local tumor progression following subtotal resection of acoustic neurilemoma, and that postoperative irradiation may be effective therapy following treatment by biopsy. Patients with total or nearly total resection appeared not to benefit from postoperative irradiation.

The Pransky interview: Dr Ken Goldberg, Professor, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, UC Berkeley; Inventor and Artist

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Joanne Pransky
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Medical Robotics ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The University

Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business, and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and inventor regarding his pioneering efforts and the commercialization of bringing a technological invention to market. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Ken Goldberg, an inventor working at the intersection of art, robotics, and social media. He joined the UC Berkeley faculty in 1995 where he is the UC Berkeley William S. Floyd Jr Distinguished Chair in Engineering and recently served as Chair of the Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Department. He has secondary appointments in UC Berkeley’s Electrical Engineering/Computer Science, Art Practice and the School of Information. Goldberg also holds an appointment at the UC San Francisco Medical School’s Department of Radiation Oncology where he pursues research in medical robotics. Goldberg is Director of the CITRIS “People and Robots” Initiative and the UC Berkeley’s Laboratory for Automation Science and Engineering (AUTOLAB) where he and his students research machine learning for robotics and automation in warehouses, homes, and operating rooms. In this interview, Goldberg shares some of his personal and business perspectives from his career-long pursuit of making robots less clumsy. Findings Goldberg earned dual BS degrees in Electrical Engineering and Economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984, and MS and PhD degrees in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1990. Goldberg also studied at Edinburgh University and the Technion. From 1991-95 he taught at the University of Southern California, and in fall 2000, he was visiting faculty at the MIT Media Lab. Goldberg and his students pursue research in three primary areas: Geometric Algorithms for Automation, Cloud Robotics, and Robot Learning. Originality/value Goldberg developed the first complete algorithms for part feeding and part fixturing, and developed the first robot on the Internet. His inventions have been awarded nine US Patents. Goldberg has published over 250 peer-reviewed technical papers and edited four books. He co-founded and served as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE). He is also Co-Founder of the Berkeley AI Research (BAIR) Lab, the Berkeley Center for New Media (BCNM), the African Robotics Network (AFRON), the Center for Automation and Learning for Medical Robotics (CAL-MR), the CITRIS Data and Democracy Initiative (DDI), Hybrid Wisdom Labs, and Moxie Institute. He has presented over four hundred keynote and invited lectures. Goldberg's artwork, closely linked with his research, has appeared in over seventy venues. Ken was awarded the Presidential Faculty Fellowship in 1995 by Bill Clinton, the Joseph Engelberger Robotics Award in 2000, elected IEEE Fellow in 2005, and selected by the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society for the George Saridis Leadership Award in 2016.

Enablers, challenges and relationships between research impact and theory generation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Holt ◽  
Jack Steven Goulding ◽  
Akintola Akintoye
Keyword(s):  
Research Impact ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Industry Engagement ◽  
Theory Generation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The University

Purpose – Perceptions drawn from the construction management research (CMR) community regarding research impact (RI) and its relationship to theory generation (TG) are examined. Investigative emphasis is on RI and TG enablers and challenges (within an academic context). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative narrative data accrued from open-ended questions within a structured questionnaire survey are analysed using frequency, quantitative content analysis, and graphical methods. A model of the RI/TG interface is presented and discussed. Findings – Principal RI enablers are “facilitation” (industry engagement, time); while principal constraints include “internal factors” (the academic, the university) and “external factors” (collaboration, funding). Respective TG enablers are “resources” (competence, time, funding) and corresponding challenges include “external factors” (market forces, compliance). RI is considered a minor challenge to TG. Research limitations/implications – The study adds empirical evidence to the ongoing RI debate within the UK generally and with regard to the CMR discipline more specifically. Originality/value – RI research is relatively sparse, while the findings in regard to CMR are entirely novel.

Meningiomas: genetics, malignancy, and the role of radiation in induction and treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parasellar Region ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The University

✓ The author reviews the molecular genetics, pathology, and cell kinetics of meningiomas and the role that regional multiplicity in the dura mater may play in their recurrence. Malignant and radiation-induced meningiomas are discussed, with summaries of series of 60 patients with frankly malignant lesions treated over a period of 22 years at the University of California, San Francisco, and of 10 patients with meningiomas induced by high-dose radiation therapy. Reviewing a 23-year series of 140 patients with subtotally removed meningiomas who were treated postoperatively with radiation, the author recommends that, with meticulous technique, irradiation is effective in preventing the regrowth of subtotally removed benign meningiomas and of all malignant meningiomas. Adoption of both the microscopical cytological grading system proposed by Jääskeläinen's group in Helsinki and the classification of operations proposed by Donald Simpson is also recommended. Wide removal of dura adjacent to meningioma reduces the risk of recurrence, and determination of the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index provides a valid basis for planning treatment and follow-up evaluations. Increased awareness is necessary for early recognition of radiation-induced meningiomas in patients at risk for developing such tumors. For meningiomas in such sites as the parasellar region and the posterior fossa, conservative removal of tumor followed by irradiation is advocated in preference to a radical operation that may cause neurological injury without being curative.

Interstitial radiosurgery of low-grade gliomas

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich W. Kreth ◽  
Michael Faist ◽  
Peter C. Warnke ◽  
Reinhard Roβner ◽  
Benedikt Volk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Interstitial Radiosurgery ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The treatment of patients with low-grade gliomas remains a subject of controversy, especially with respect to new treatment modalities such as interstitial radiosurgery (brachytherapy), radiosurgery, and stereotactic radiotherapy. In a retrospective analysis conducted between 1979 and 1991, the authors studied the results of interstitial radiosurgery in 455 patients with low-grade gliomas (World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I + WHO Grade II) with regard to survival time, quality of life, the risk of malignant transformation, and the risk profile of the treatment concept. Interstitial radiosurgery with iodine-125 was performed using permanent (1979–1985) or temporary implants (after 1985) with low-dose rates (≤ 10 cGy/hr) and a reference dose of 60 to 100 Gy calculated to the outer rim of the tumor. The 5- and 10-year survival rates in patients with pilocytic astrocytomas (97 patients) were 84.9% and 83%, and in patients with WHO Grade II astrocytomas (250 patients) 61% and 51%, respectively. Five-year survival rates for patients with oligoastrocytomas (60 patients), oligodendrogliomas (27 patients), and gemistocytic astrocytomas (21 patients) were 49%, 50%, and 32%, respectively. In the group with WHO Grade II gliomas, young age and a good performance status were associated with a better prognosis. Unfavorable factors were midline shift, enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) scan, and tumor recurrence after previous radiotherapy or surgery. Tumor location had no influence on the prognosis (247 patients in this series had deep-seated tumors). Malignant transformation was the major cause of death. Important risk factors for malignancy were the patient's age, tumor enhancement in CT scan, and tumor recurrence after previous surgery or radiotherapy. Perioperative mortality was 0.9% and perioperative morbidity was 1.7%. Radiogenic complications were observed in 2.7% of all patients, most often in larger tumors and after using permanent implants. The authors conclude that interstitial radiosurgery represents a specific treatment modality for selected patients with unifocal circumscribed low-grade gliomas with a diameter of less than 4 cm in any location. The efficacy of this treatment lies in the same range as the best results after surgery and radiotherapy.

Intracranial meningiomas of the first two decades of life

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle M. Germano ◽  
Michael S. B. Edwards ◽  
Richard L. Davis ◽  
Davide Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Worse Prognosis ◽  
Adjacent Brain

✓ Meningiomas arising in the first two decades of life are uncommon and their characteristics are controversial. Some authors believe meningiomas in younger patients occur in different locations, have more malignant histological features, and have a worse prognosis than those in adults. To address this controversy, the authors retrospectively reviewed 23 cases of meningiomas in patients under 21 years of age at diagnosis who were operated on at the University of Turin (1948 to 1990) or at the University of California, San Francisco (1970 to 1989). These tumors represented 2.9% of all tumors in this age group and 1.8% of all meningiomas during the study period at the two institutions. There were 14 males and nine females. The mean age at surgery was 13.3 ± 5.6 years; nine cases occurred in the first decade and 14 in the second. The most common neurological symptoms were a focal neurological deficit (33%) and seizures (25%). Seventy percent of the tumors were supratentorial. A gross total resection was performed in 60% of the cases. Histologically, the majority (74%) of the tumors were meningothelial or mixed. An increased number of mitoses was observed in 33% of the tumors, focal necrosis in 29%, and invasion of adjacent brain in 14%; however, none of the tumors was classified as a Grade III (anaplastic) meningioma. All patients are alive without evidence of recurrent disease 3 to 22 years (mean ± standard deviation: 10 ± 7.3 years) after surgery. This study confirms the rarity of meningiomas of the first two decades of life and the absence of the female predominance associated with meningiomas in adults. The location and histological features of these tumors are similar to those in adults; they have a low recurrence rate, and the outcome and survival rate are excellent.

scholarly journals Papers of an African King Collected by Jacques Hymans

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Jan Vansina
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The University ◽  
Belgian Congo

During a visit in the summer 1970, Jacques Hymans, professor of History at San Francisco State Univeisity, found discarded papers strewn over the floor of an abandoned European-style house at Mushenge (Nsheng), the capital of the Kuba kingdom, zone Mweka, West Kasai, Democratic Republic of Congo. He salvaged them and then kept them at home. After his death Ms Kelley Hymans gave the papers to the collections of Memorial Library of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. To this a notebook, which Wisconsin obtained through the good offices of Professor Mary Douglas, has been added. This contains a census of the capital for 1939-40 carried out by Jules Lene (Lyeen) as tribute collector for the Kuba king.Since early colonial times the Kuba people were well-known in Europe for their sculpture and their artistic textiles, and because they formed a single kingdom headed by a “divine” king. This was also the only territory in the Belgian Congo where “indirect administration” was officially practiced after 1920. Under such circumstances it is not surprising that the Kuba capital Nsheng, known as Mushenge, eventually became a minor tourist attraction for amateurs of their arts. After independence, travel in Congo became difficult and the prestige of Mushenge declined, but some of its fascination remained, and Hymans was one of the persons still attracted to it. His last visit to Mushenge occurred in 1970, not long after the death of king Bop Mabinc maKyeen. It is on that occasion that he salvaged the papers now in Madison.

Reduction in radiation-induced brain injury by use of pentobarbital or lidocaine protection

1990 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Oldfield ◽  
Robert Friedman ◽  
Timothy Kinsella ◽  
Ross Moquin ◽  
Jeffrey J. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Whole Brain Irradiation ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Irradiation ◽  
Cns Neoplasms ◽  
Fine Print

✓ To determine if barbiturates would protect brain at high doses of radiation, survival rates in rats that received whole-brain x-irradiation during pentobarbital- or lidocaine-induced anesthesia were compared with those of control animals that received no medication and of animals anesthetized with ketamine. The animals were shielded so that respiratory and digestive tissues would not be damaged by the radiation. Survival rates in rats that received whole-brain irradiation as a single 7500-rad dose under pentobarbital- or lidocaine-induced anesthesia was increased from between from 0% and 20% to between 45% and 69% over the 40 days of observation compared with the other two groups (p < 0.007). Ketamine anesthesia provided no protection. There were no notable differential effects upon non-neural tissues, suggesting that pentobarbital afforded protection through modulation of ambient neural activity during radiation exposure. Neural suppression during high-dose cranial irradiation protects brain from acute and early delayed radiation injury. Further development and application of this knowledge may reduce the incidence of radiation toxicity of the central nervous system (CNS) and may permit the safe use of otherwise “unsafe” doses of radiation in patients with CNS neoplasms.

Treatment results of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Wallner ◽  
Michael F. Gonzales ◽  
Michael S. B. Edwards ◽  
William M. Wara ◽  
Glenn E. Sheline
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
Postoperative Irradiation

✓ Treatment results for 36 patients with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma treated from 1942 through 1985 at the University of California, San Francisco, were reviewed. Twenty-two tumors were located in the posterior fossa, 10 were in the hypothalamic region, and four were in the cerebral hemispheres. Twenty-eight patients were less than 18 years of age. The overall survival rate was 83% and 70% at 10 and 20 years, respectively. All 12 patients who had total tumor resection remain disease-free; only two of the 12 received postoperative irradiation. The 10- and 20-year freedom-from-progression for the 19 patients who had incomplete resection and received at least 40 Gy of postoperative irradiation was 74% and 41%, respectively. All patients who failed treatment had local recurrence. One patient developed diffuse meningeal seeding, after four local recurrences in the posterior fossa over a 23-year period. Six patients failed treatment and had a repeat biopsy at the time of recurrence or at postmortem examination, and three showed histological progression of the tumor to an anaplastic astrocytoma. Based on this study and others in the literature, a protocol has been adopted whereby patients who have total tumor resection are not treated with postoperative irradiation. Patients who have incomplete tumor resection and are older than 3 years of age are currently treated with postoperative partial-brain irradiation, to a dose of 45 to 60 Gy. In general, young children with incomplete resection are followed closely with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and are treated with chemotherapy or irradiation if tumor progression is documented.

Cerebellar medulloblastoma in adults

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 994-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebellar Medulloblastoma ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ◽  
Fine Print

✓ From 1960 through 1981, 15 patients with cerebellar medulloblastoma, aged 16 years or over, were referred for irradiation following surgery. All patients received craniospinal irradiation; three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Five-year and 10-year survival rates of 63% and 38%, respectively, were obtained. The main cause of treatment failure was tumor recurrence in the posterior fossa. All local recurrences presented late, none developing within the first 3 years. One patient suffered systemic disease. The prognosis following relapse was poor. One patient achieved a prolonged remission following further surgery and radiotherapy, but died of treatment-related complications. The majority of the survivors are free of major deficit. One patient developed paraplegia 10 years after treatment. The possible risk of late damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document