Hypothalamic hamartoma

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunji Nishio ◽  
Shigeru Fujiwara ◽  
Yasutaka Aiko ◽  
Iwao Takeshita ◽  
Masashi Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Hypothalamic Hamartoma ◽  
Neurofilament Protein ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neuronal Processes

✓ Two cases of hypothalamic hamartoma are presented. The first patient was a 4-year-old boy with precocious puberty, and the second was a 6-year-old boy with epileptic seizures. In both patients, clinical symptoms and signs appeared at the age of 2 years and progressed thereafter. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in both cases disclosed a suprasellar mass lesion in continuity with the hypothalamus. Removal of the lesions affected the endocrinological status and/or seizure control. Pathological examination revealed the lesions to be composed of well-differentiated neuronal and glial cells. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of beta-endorphin, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin, and neurofilament protein (210 kD) in the neuronal cells of the first patient, but no neuropeptides were detected in the second. Electron microscopic examination on the second patient disclosed the presence of many nonmyelinated and some myelinated neuronal processes containing dense-core and clear vesicles. The morphological characteristics and the role of surgery for this lesion are discussed.

Progression of partial experimental injury to peripheral nerve

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Hudson ◽  
David G. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proximal Stimulus ◽  
Late Recovery ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Experimental Injury

✓ Biopsies from partially lacerated nerves were taken at the sites of proximal stimulus, laceration, and distal recording, and from stimuli and recording sites of control nerves. Electron microscopic examination of the partially lacerated major fasciculus revealed three zones of injury. The laceration zone showed neurotemetic changes, the adjacent or intermediate zone, partial degeneration, and the zone most peripheral to the laceration, changes in ground substance. Progression of the original injury is apparently due to ongoing changes in the intermediate and peripheral zones while much of the relative early recovery is due to reversal of changes in these zones. Regeneration through the laceration or neurotemetic zone is limited but does account for a small amount of late recovery of function.

Ultrastructural morphology of the olfactory pathway for cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the rabbit

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Erlich ◽  
J. Gordon McComb ◽  
Shigeyo Hyman ◽  
Martin H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csf Drainage ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Previous physiological studies indicate that the olfactory region serves as a major pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage into the lymphatic system. The present study was undertaken to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of this egress route. New Zealand White rabbits received a single bolus injection of the tracer ferritin (MW 400,000) into both lateral ventricles in such a manner as not to raise the intraventricular pressure above the normal level. The animals were sacrificed via intracardiac perfusion of fixative between less than 12 minutes and 4 hours following injection. The cribriform region was removed en bloc, decalcified, sectioned coronally, and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The arachnoid, dura, and periosteum surrounding the fila olfactoria passing through the cribriform plate merge together and form the perineurium, which consists of multiple layers of loosely overlapping cells with widely separated junctions and few vesicles. The perineurium surrounding the olfactory filaments at the superficial submucosal level is only one cell thick. The subarachnoid space freely communicates with the perineural space surrounding each filament. No morphological barrier between the perineural space and the loose submucosal connective tissue was identified. Whether or not the perineurium was multi- or singlelayered, ferritin was noted in abundance between the loosely overlapping perineural cells and in the submucosal connective tissue. The distribution of ferritin at 12 minutes was similar to that at 4 hours; however, the quantity of ferritin was increased at 4 hours. These results indicate that no significant barrier to CSF drainage is present at the rabbit cribriform region and that CSF reaches the submucosal region rapidly via open pathways.

Human choroid plexus: a light and electron microscopic study

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Dohrmann ◽  
Paul C. Bucy
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Inclusion Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Human Choroid Plexus ◽  
Choroid Plexuses

✓ Specimens of human choroid plexus, obtained during craniotomy, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Inclusions were observed within the cytoplasm of the choroidal epithelial cells, and could be classified into three types on the basis of morphological characteristics. Each inclusion type predominated in a particular age group. In choroid plexuses of older humans, filaments from 60 to 150 Å in diameter, with no apparent periodicity, were noted circumjacent to the intracytoplasmic inclusions.

5. Oncocytic Cardiomyopathy: A Rare Cause of Unexpected Early Childhood Death Associated with Fitting

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Stahl ◽  
Richard T L Couper ◽  
Roger W Byard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Pale Pink ◽  
Childhood Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

A 15-month-old girl died unexpectedly in hospital following a five-day history of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and convulsions preceded by several weeks of occasional vomiting. Autopsy revealed subendocardial nodules in the left ventricle, and tricuspid and mitral valves that were composed of aggregated large cells with foamy, pale pink cytoplasm characteristic of oncocytic cardiomyopathy. Fat stains were positive for neutral lipid and phospholipid and electron microscopic examination revealed numerous irregular mitochondria within affected cells. Examination of the brain revealed no structural or histologic abnormalities, anoxic damage or thromboembolic material. Oncocytic cardiomyopathy, though rare, may cause unexpected death in previously well young children with quite variable preceding clinical symptoms and signs which include fitting. Although the aetiology is unknown there is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved.

Multiple supratentorial hemangioblastomas

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakuntla Ishwar ◽  
Raymond M. Taniguchi ◽  
F. Stephen Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parietal Area ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Lesions

✓ Multiple hemangioblastomas were found above the tentorium in a 62-year-old woman who first had a discrete 2.5 cm tumor removed from the superior aspect of the tentorium adjacent to the falx, and 2 years later developed two more intracranial mass lesions, one in the right parietal area, the other attached to the dura of the right frontal fossa. Histological examination of all three tumors showed precisely the same well-differentiated morphology of hemangioblastoma. Foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis were present within them. Electron microscopic examination of the last two lesions disclosed secretory granules within the tumor cells, indicative of erythropoietin production, as described previously in a hemangioblastoma. Collagen and endothelial cells were not present in quantities consistent with an angioblastic meningioma. The genesis of hemangioblastomas is discussed.

The pathophysiology of venous hypertensive myelopathy—study of an animal model

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Qi Zhang ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shao-Shuai Wu ◽  
Liang-Hong Teng ◽  
Yong-Zhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Object The authors undertook this study to establish an animal model to investigate the pathophysiological changes of venous hypertensive myelopathy (VHM). Methods This study was a randomized control animal study with blinded evaluation. The VHM model was developed in 24 adult New Zealand white rabbits by means of renal artery and vein anastomosis and trapping of the posterior vena cava; 12 rabbits were subjected to sham surgery. The rabbits were investigated by spinal function evaluation, abdominal aortic angiography, spinal MRI, and pathological examination of the spinal cord at different follow-up stages. Results Twenty-two (91.67%) of 24 model rabbits survived the surgery and postoperative period. The patency rate of the arteriovenous fistula was 95.45% in these 22 animals. The model rabbits had significantly decreased motor and sensory hindlimb function as well as abnormalities at the corresponding segments of the spinal cord. Pathological examination showed dilation and hyalinization of the small blood vessels, perivascular and intraparenchymal lymphocyte infiltration, proliferation of glial cells, and neuronal degeneration. Electron microscopic examination showed loose lamellar structure of the myelin sheath, increased numbers of mitochondria in the thin myelinated fibers, and pyknotic neurons. Conclusions This model of VHM is stable and repeatable. Exploration of the sequential changes in spinal cord and blood vessels has provided improved understanding of this pathology, and the model may have potential for improving therapeutic results.

scholarly journals Sharing of Prey: Coinfection of a Bacterium by a Virus and a Prokaryotic Predator

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Henry N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Prey Cell ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Predatory Prokaryotes

ABSTRACTRarely, if ever, has a single bacterial cell been confirmed to simultaneously host two fundamentally different predators. Two such predators are viruses and the predatory prokaryotes known asBdellovibrioand like organisms. Viruses or bacteriophage are particles requiring prey cells in an active metabolic state to complete their life cycle. TheBdellovibrioand like organisms, unlike viruses, are bacteria that can efficiently infect and grow in prey which are in stationary phase. In this study, electron microscopic examination revealed an unprecedented coinfection by the two agents ofVibrio vulnificus, introducing a new bacterial predation paradigm. Rather than the viruses andBdellovibrioand like organisms competing for a single prey cell, both can survive in the same cell and successfully reproduce themselves. This is an especially valuable mechanism when the prey is in short supply, and the survival of the predators may be at stake.IMPORTANCEThis article describes the coinfection of a prokaryotic prey or host cell by both a bacteriophage (phage) and the predatory bacterium of the groupBdellovibrioand like organisms (BALOs). Such coinfection has not been previously reported and therefore introduces a new paradigm for predation of bacteria. This finding invites new studies on the interactions of BALOs, phage, and prey in predation. Predation is an important mechanism in nature for helping to keep bacterial populations in check and also plays a major role in the cycling of nutrients through the microbial loop. How dual infection by phage and BALOs imposes on these and other functions of predation is fertile ground for future studies and serves as a keystone reference on bacterial predation and mortality.

scholarly journals A Linear Plasmid-Like Prophage of Actinomyces odontolyticus Promotes Biofilm Assembly

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Shen ◽  
Yuhui Yang ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Lujia Cen ◽  
Jeffrey S. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Linear Plasmid ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Oral Cavity

ABSTRACT The human oral cavity is home to a large number of bacteria and bacteriophages (phages). However, the biology of oral phages as members of the human microbiome is not well understood. Recently, we isolated Actinomyces odontolyticus subsp. actinosynbacter strain XH001 from the human oral cavity, and genomic analysis revealed the presence of an intact prophage named xhp1. Here, we demonstrated that xhp1 is a linear plasmid-like prophage, which is a newly identified phage of A. odontolyticus. The prophage xhp1 genome is a 35-kb linear double-stranded DNA with 10-bp single-stranded, 3’ cohesive ends. xhp1 exists extrachromosomally, with an estimated copy number of 5. Annotation of xhp1 revealed 54 open reading frames, while phylogenetic analysis suggests that it has limited similarity with other phages. xhp1 phage particles can be induced by mitomycin C and belong to the Siphoviridae family, according to transmission electron microscopic examination. The released xhp1 particles can reinfect the xhp1-cured XH001 strain and result in tiny blurry plaques. Moreover, xhp1 promotes XH001 biofilm formation through spontaneous induction and the release of host extracellular DNA (eDNA). In conclusion, we identified a linear plasmid-like prophage of A. odontolyticus, which enhances bacterial host biofilm assembly and could be beneficial to the host for its persistence in the oral cavity. IMPORTANCE The biology of phages as members of the human oral microbiome is understudied. Here, we report the characterization of xhp1, a novel linear plasmid-like prophage identified from a human oral isolate, Actinomyces odontolyticus subsp. actinosynbacter strain XH001. xhp1 can be induced and reinfect xhp1-cured XH001. The spontaneous induction of xhp1 leads to the lysis of a subpopulation of bacterial hosts and the release of eDNA that promotes biofilm assembly, thus potentially contributing to the persistence of A. odontolyticus within the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Association of Morphological Characteristics with Precocious Puberty and/or Gelastic Seizures in Hypothalamic Hamartoma

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 4590-4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jung ◽  
E. Neumaier Probst ◽  
B. P. Hauffa ◽  
C.-J. Partsch ◽  
O. Dammann
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Hypothalamic Hamartoma ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gelastic Seizures ◽  
The Third

Abstract The pathogenesis of central precocious puberty (PP) and/or gelastic seizures due to a hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is still under debate. We evaluated the association of clinical symptoms with morphology and localization of the HH in 34 patients. The majority (86.4%) of HHs in patients with isolated PP (n = 22; 68.2% females) revealed a parahypothalamic position without affecting the third ventricle (91%). Half of them were pedunculated, and 40.9% showed a diameter less than 10 mm. In contrast, 11 of 12 patients with seizures, eight of whom were male, presented with a sessile intrahypothalamic hamartoma, 10 of which distorted the third ventricle. Logistic regression analysis revealed an increased relative risk (RR) for epilepsy in males (RR, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–19). However, combination of the risk factor gender with intrahypothalamic position (RR, 19; 1.3–285) and distortion of the third ventricle (RR, 10; 0.6–164) reduced the risk associated with male gender to 1.1. The position of a HH and involvement of the third ventricle are likely to be more predictive for clinical characteristics than size and shape. Male gender was associated with an intrahypothalamic HH and epilepsy, suggesting a sexually dimorphic developmental pattern of this heterotopic mass.

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