Demographics of abusive head trauma in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Kesler ◽  
Mark S. Dias ◽  
Michele Shaffer ◽  
Carroll Rottmund ◽  
Kelly Cappos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Demographic Features

Object The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence and demographic features of abusive head trauma (AHT) among infants and children < 36 months of age in Pennsylvania. Methods The authors included all cases of substantiated AHT involving children < 36 months of age in Pennsylvania between 1996 and 2002 that had been reported to a statewide registry. Demographic information was derived from child abuse reports and birth certificates; the study cohort was contrasted with all infants born in Pennsylvania during the same period. Results The study identified 327 cases. The incidence was 14.7 cases (95% confidence interval 13.1–16.5) per 100,000 person-years for the first 2 years of life with a higher incidence during the 1st year (26.0 cases per 100,000 person-years) than the 2nd year (3.4 cases per 100,000 person-years). The incidence was similar among metropolitan, non-metropolitan, and rural counties. Significantly more cases occurred during the holiday months (October–December). The median age of victims was 4.1 months. Both victims and perpetrators were more commonly male (58.4% of victims, and 70% of identified perpetrators). Compared with the entire population of Pennsylvania parents, the parents of the study cohort were more likely to be younger, less educated, and unmarried. Both mothers and fathers were more often African-American and fathers more often Hispanic. Finally, mothers more often smoked during pregnancy, sought prenatal care later in the pregnancy, and delivered low birth weight infants. Conclusions This population-based study of abusive head injuries throughout an entire state adds significantly to the growing knowledge about this condition. The results suggests that families of infants with abusive head injuries have significantly different demographic features compared with the general population, although which of these variables is independently significant cannot be ascertained from this study and require further investigation.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Abusive Head Trauma: A Population‐Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rebbe ◽  
Joseph A. Mienko ◽  
Melissa L. Martinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study

Huntington’s Disease in Israel: A Population-based Study Using 20 Years of Routinely-Collected Healthcare Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Natalie Gavrielov-Yusim ◽  
Yael Barer ◽  
Michael Martinec ◽  
Athanasios Siadimas ◽  
Spyros Roumpanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Healthcare Data

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare, genetic, neurodegenerative disease. Obtaining population-level data on epidemiology and disease management is challenging. Objective: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and healthcare utilization of patients with HD in Israel. Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study, including 20 years of routinely collected data from Maccabi Healthcare Services, an insurer and healthcare provider for one-quarter of the Israeli population. Results: The study cohort included 109 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) diagnosed with HD, with mean age of 49.9 years and 56%females. The most common HD-related conditions were anxiety (40%), behavioral problems (34%), sleep disorders (21%), and falls (13%). Annual incidence rates for HD ranged from 0.17 to 1.34 per 100,000 from 2000 to 2018; the 2018 crude prevalence in adults was 4.36 per 100,000. Median survival from diagnosis was approximately 12 years (95%CI: 10.4–15.3). The most frequent symptomatic treatments were antidepressants (69%), antipsychotics (63%), and tetrabenazine (63%), the only drug approved for the treatment of HD chorea in Israel during the examined period. Patterns of healthcare utilization changed as disease duration increased, reflected by increased frequency of emergency department visits and home visits. Conclusion: This retrospective population-based study provides insights into the prevalence, incidence, clinical profile, survival, and resource utilization of patients with HD in ethnically diverse Israel. The findings in this study are generally consistent with the international literature and demonstrate the value of routinely collected healthcare data as a complementary resource in HD research.

scholarly journals Validation of the PredAHT-2 prediction tool for abusive head trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Pfeiffer ◽  
Laura Elizabeth Cowley ◽  
Alison Mary Kemp ◽  
Stuart R Dalziel ◽  
Anne Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Prediction Tool ◽  
Zealand Population

ObjectiveThe validated Predicting Abusive Head Trauma (PredAHT) clinical prediction tool calculates the probability of abusive head trauma (AHT) in children <3 years of age who have sustained intracranial injuries (ICIs) identified on neuroimaging, based on combinations of six clinical features: head/neck bruising, seizures, apnoea, rib fracture, long bone fracture and retinal haemorrhages. PredAHT version 2 enables a probability calculation when information regarding any of the six features is absent. We aimed to externally validate PredAHT-2 in an Australian/New Zealand population.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective multicentre study of paediatric head injuries conducted between April 2011 and November 2014. We extracted data on patients with possible AHT at five tertiary paediatric centres and included all children <3 years of age admitted to hospital who had sustained ICI identified on neuroimaging. We assigned cases as positive for AHT, negative for AHT or having indeterminate outcome following multidisciplinary review. The estimated probability of AHT for each case was calculated using PredAHT-2, blinded to outcome. Tool performance measures were calculated, with 95% CIs.ResultsOf 87 ICI cases, 27 (31%) were positive for AHT; 45 (52%) were negative for AHT and 15 (17%) had indeterminate outcome. Using a probability cut-off of 50%, excluding indeterminate cases, PredAHT-2 had a sensitivity of 74% (95% CI 54% t o89%) and a specificity of 87% (95% CI 73% to 95%) for AHT. Positive predictive value was 77% (95% CI 56% to 91%), negative predictive value was 85% (95% CI 71% to 94%) and the area under the curve was 0.80 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.92).ConclusionPredAHT-2 demonstrated reasonably high point sensitivity and specificity when externally validated in an Australian/New Zealand population. Performance was similar to that in the original validation study.Trial registration numberACTRN12614000463673.

Serious head trauma preceding essential tremor: A population-based study (NEDICES)

2015 ◽  
Vol 353 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Julián Benito-León ◽  
Elan D. Louis ◽  
Andrés Labiano-Fontcuberta ◽  
Félix Bermejo-Pareja
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals Lobectomy Versus Sublobectomy in Stage IIIA/N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyu Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Yang Gu ◽  
Xin Lv ◽  
Xuan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Stage Iiia ◽  
Population Based Study

BackgroundThe role lobectomy plays in stage IIIA/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial for a long time. What’s more, no previous study concentrates on whether sublobectomy can improve survival outcome for these patients, so we performed this population-based study to investigate whether stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC can benefit from these two surgery types and compare survival outcomes after lobectomy and sublobectomy.MethodsA total of 21,638 patients diagnosed with stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database matched our selection criteria. The study cohort included patients who received no surgery (n = 15,951), sublobectomy (n = 628) and lobectomy (n = 5,059). Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analyses, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Cox regression were used to illustrate the influence of sublobectomy and lobectomy on overall survival (OS) rates in the study cohort and compare these two surgery types.ResultsMultivariable Cox regression analysis showed sublobectomy [HR: 0.584 (95%CI: 0.531–0.644), P-value &lt;0.001; IPTW-adjusted HR: 0.619 (95%CI: 0.605–0.633), P-value &lt;0.001] and lobectomy [HR: 0.439 (95%CI: 0.420–0.459), P-value &lt;0.001; IPTW-adjusted HR: 0.441 (95%CI: 0.431–0.451), P-value &lt;0.001] were both related to better OS rates compared with no surgery, and lobectomy exhibited better survival than sublobectomy [HR: 0.751 (95%CI: 0.680–0.830), P-value &lt;0.001; IPTW-adjusted HR: 0.713 (95%CI: 0.696–0.731), P-value &lt;0.001]. Moreover, the results in subgroup analyses based on age, tumor size and radiotherapy and chemotherapy strategy in all study cohort were consistent.ConclusionStage IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients could benefit from sublobectomy or lobectomy, and lobectomy provided better OS rates than sublobectomy.

scholarly journals Geographic and demographic features of neuroendocrine tumors in the United States of America: A population‐based study

Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Gosain ◽  
Somedeb Ball ◽  
Navpreet Rana ◽  
Adrienne Groman ◽  
Elizabeth Gage‐Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Demographic Features
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