scholarly journals Brain MRI Findings in Pediatric-Onset Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Challenges in Differentiation from Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bulut ◽  
J. Karakaya ◽  
S. Salama ◽  
M. Levy ◽  
T.A.G.M. Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Frequency of brain MRI abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder at presentation: A cohort of Latin American patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Carnero Contentti ◽  
Vanessa Daccach Marques ◽  
Ibis Soto de Castillo ◽  
Veronica Tkachuk ◽  
Amilton Antunes Barreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals Case Report: Postvaccination Anti–Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Kumar ◽  
Kelsey Graven ◽  
Nancy I. Joseph ◽  
John Johnson ◽  
Scott Fulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Stimulation of the immune response after vaccination can occasionally result in adverse effects, including demyelination of the central nervous system. The most common presentation of postvaccination demyelination is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, but cases of optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and multiple sclerosis relapses have been reported. More recently, an increasing number of postvaccination neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) cases have surfaced in the literature, especially in patients with aquaporin-4 antibodies. In this article, we report an unusual case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–related NMOSD after the receipt of multiple vaccines in a first-trimester pregnant woman from Africa. We review the reported cases of postvaccination demyelination in the past decade, with a focus on the relationship between NMOSD and vaccination in patients with aquaporin-4 or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of the present case and similar reported cases as it relates to patient care in the neuroimmunology clinic and identify potential areas for future research.

scholarly journals Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder following Exposure to Hepatitis B Vaccination

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Heekin ◽  
Chetan Gandhy ◽  
Derrick Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Controversy exists regarding a potential link between exposure to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) and central nervous system demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a case of seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) following exposure to HBV. A 28-year-old man developed painful eye movements 11 days after exposure to HBV. Within 24 h, he experienced vision loss, ascending numbness, and ataxia. T-spine MRI showed a cord lesion spanning T6-T9. Brain MRI showed bilateral optic nerve contrast enhancement and a right-sided internal capsule lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal, including negative oligoclonal bands and normal IgG index. AQP4-IgG serology was negative. The patient's visual symptoms improved after treatment with steroids and plasma exchange. He received plasma exchange weekly for 4 weeks with decreased numbness and tingling as well as improved coordination. Treatment with mycophenolate mofetil was started, and the patient remains clinically stable with near resolution of his prior symptoms. Neuromyelitis optica is characterized by optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. While our patient tested seronegative for AQP4-IgG (which remains negative in 10-50% of NMOSD cases, despite testing with the most sensitive assays available), he did meet NMOSD diagnostic criteria. In a literature review, we found 7 cases of NMOSD onset or relapse associated with exposure to various vaccines, but to our knowledge this represents the first published report of NMOSD onset following exposure to HBV. While causality between vaccination and CNS demyelinating disease remains elusive, it is important to report these cases to help develop safer vaccinations and provoke further inquiry into the pathogenesis of NMOSD.

Development of extensive brain lesions following fingolimod (FTY720) treatment in a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hong Min ◽  
Byoung Joon Kim ◽  
Kwang Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

We report the case of a patient who developed extensive brain lesions during fingolimod (FTY720) treatment in the TRANSFORMS study. His initial diagnosis was multiple sclerosis, but after encephalopathy anti-aquaporin4 antibody (anti-AQP4 Ab) was detected, it was changed to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. After treatment with fingolimod, he developed bilateral extensive brain lesions. The brain MRI showed lesions predominantly involving the right frontal and parietal lobes, with vasogenic edema and enhancement. He had residual encephalomalacia and no recurrence with steroid treatment over 3 years following withdrawal of fingolimod.

scholarly journals Atypical Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder With Diffuse Cerebral Abnormalities: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117957352097381
Author(s):  
Braeden D Newton ◽  
Orhun Kantarci ◽  
Darin T Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
African American Woman ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Mri Features

The recent expansion of the radiological criteria and the use of a highly specific biomarker, anti-aquaporin 4-IgG (AQP4 IgG), has significantly improved the ability of clinicians to provide a timely and accurate diagnosis for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), especially when faced with an abnormal disease presentation. Here, we report on the 5-year clinical experience of a 69-year-old right-handed African American woman who initially presented following symptoms suggestive of transient global amnesia. Her clinical history was only remarkable for a single episode of visual decline with poor recovery experienced 35 years prior, with prior unrevealing serological investigations. Brain MRI features were significant for diffuse, bilateral white matter abnormalities throughout the supratentorial, deep gray matter, and infratentorial regions. Spinal cord imaging studies were within normal limits with no intramedullary high-signal abnormalities identified. Serological studies were significant for the presence of anti-aquaporin 4-IgG. The clinical features were supportive of the diagnosis of NMOSD. The data provided here highlight both the clinical and radiological heterogeneity of NMOSD.

Clinical characteristics of late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A multicenter retrospective study in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1748-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Myoung Seok ◽  
Hye-Jin Cho ◽  
Suk-Won Ahn ◽  
Eun Bin Cho ◽  
Min Su Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Characteristic Features

Background: There are currently few studies regarding late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (LO-NMOSD). Objective: We aimed to describe the characteristic features of patients with LO-NMOSD in Korea. Methods: Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from nine tertiary hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on age of onset: LO-NMOSD (⩾50 years of age at onset) versus early-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (EO-NMOSD) (<50 years of age at onset). Clinical, laboratory, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were investigated. Results: Among a total of 147 patients (125 female; age of onset, 39.4 ± 15.2 years), 45 patients (30.6%) had an age of onset of more than 50 years. Compared to patients with EO-NMOSD, patients with LO-NMOSD had more frequent isolated spinal cord involvement at onset (64.4% vs 37.2%, p = 0.002), less frequent involvement of the optic nerve (40.0% vs 67.7%, p = 0.002), and less frequent brain MRI lesions (31.1% vs 50.0%, p = 0.034). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between age of onset and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at last follow-up ( r = 0.246, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Age of onset could be an important predictor of lesion location and clinical course of patients with NMOSD.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder mimicking extensive leukodystrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ciron ◽  
Olivier Colin ◽  
Marie-Pierre Rosier ◽  
Soline Lapeyrie ◽  
Damien Biotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Brain MRI was originally considered to appear normal in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMO-SD). Typical brain lesions are now well described and have been integrated in the latest revision of NMO-SD criteria, but the NMO-SD MRI pattern remains not yet comprehensive. We report here extensive white matter lesions (EWML) mimicking leukodystrophy in a 50-year-old woman with long-lasting anti-AQP4+ NMO-SD. We suggest that EWML could be a possible brain MRI presentation of NMO-SD patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document