scholarly journals Case Report: Postvaccination Anti–Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Kumar ◽  
Kelsey Graven ◽  
Nancy I. Joseph ◽  
John Johnson ◽  
Scott Fulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Stimulation of the immune response after vaccination can occasionally result in adverse effects, including demyelination of the central nervous system. The most common presentation of postvaccination demyelination is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, but cases of optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and multiple sclerosis relapses have been reported. More recently, an increasing number of postvaccination neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) cases have surfaced in the literature, especially in patients with aquaporin-4 antibodies. In this article, we report an unusual case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–related NMOSD after the receipt of multiple vaccines in a first-trimester pregnant woman from Africa. We review the reported cases of postvaccination demyelination in the past decade, with a focus on the relationship between NMOSD and vaccination in patients with aquaporin-4 or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of the present case and similar reported cases as it relates to patient care in the neuroimmunology clinic and identify potential areas for future research.

scholarly journals Aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with recurrent short partial transverse myelitis and favorable prognosis: Two new cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1950-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Zhang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yiqi Wang ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Yuehong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attack Phase ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Understanding the characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) with recurrent short partial transverse myelitis (SPTM), which is very rare, contributes to the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We present two Chinese aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive NMOSD cases who had at least twice SPTM during 4 and 6 years of follow-up, respectively. Their SPTMs have been mild and responded well to corticosteroids just like in the case of MS. The findings highlight the need of searching for serum AQP4-IgG (cell-based assay strongly recommended) in patients with recurrent SPTM and suggest that those patients may have a mild acute attack phase and favorable long-term prognosis.

scholarly journals Anti-myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein in Aquaporin-4 Negative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Vahid Shaygannejad ◽  
◽  
Mahdi Barzegar ◽  
Navid Manouchehri ◽  
Nafiseh Esmaeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: The absence of Aquaporin-4 Antibody (AQP4-Ab) in a fraction of the Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) patients has led to a search for other serologic markers. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein component of the myelin sheets encapsulating the neural fibers. Objectives: We aimed to compare the presence and levels of anti-MOG (Ig-G) in a group of seronegative NMOSD patients with a healthy control group. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 NMOSD patients with negative AQP-Ab status, who were referred to the Neurology Clinic of Kashani University Hospital in Isfahan City, Iran, from March 2015 to March 2016, and 26 healthy controls were consecutively recruited. Their baseline demographic and clinical data were recorded. Serum anti-MOG levels were measured in both groups. The obtained data were analyzed using the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Chisquare test in SPSS V. 18. Results: The anti-MOG test results were statistically higher in patients (n=12, 37.5%) compared to controls (n=0, 0%) (P<0.0001). The level of anti-MOG in Healthy Control (HC) was higher compared to patients with negative anti-MOG (P<0.0001) and was lower than patients with positive anti-MOG (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Our study showed that nearly one-third of seronegative NMOSD patients were positive for MOG-Ab. Further studies are needed to assess the characteristics and outcome of these patients.

scholarly journals Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Anti-MOG Syndromes

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Lana-Peixoto ◽  
Natália Talim
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) syndromes are immune-mediated inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system that frequently involve the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Because of their similar clinical manifestations and habitual relapsing course they are frequently confounded with multiple sclerosis (MS). Early and accurate diagnosis of these distinct conditions is relevant as they have different treatments. Some agents used for MS treatment may be deleterious to NMOSD. NMOSD is frequently associated with antibodies which target aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the most abundant water channel in the CNS, located in the astrocytic processes at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). On the other hand, anti-MOG syndromes result from damage to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), expressed on surfaces of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths. Acute transverse myelitis with longitudinally extensive lesion on spinal MRI is the most frequent inaugural manifestation of NMOSD, usually followed by optic neuritis. Other core clinical characteristics include area postrema syndrome, brainstem, diencephalic and cerebral symptoms that may be associated with typical MRI abnormalities. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and bilateral or recurrent optic neuritis are the most frequent anti-MOG syndromes in children and adults, respectively. Attacks are usually treated with steroids, and relapses prevention with immunosuppressive drugs. Promising emerging therapies for NMOSD include monoclonal antibodies and tolerization.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of patients with paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and aquaporin-4 antibodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1753-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sepúlveda ◽  
Nuria Sola-Valls ◽  
Domingo Escudero ◽  
Bojan Rojc ◽  
Manuel Barón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Clinical Records

Background: In a minority of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG), the disease has a paraneoplastic origin. It is unknown whether these patients have distinctive clinical features. Objective: To report the clinical features of a series of patients with paraneoplastic NMOSD and AQP4-IgG and to review previously reported cases. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical records of 156 patients with NMOSD and AQP4-IgG and review of previously reported patients with paraneoplastic NMOSD and AQP4-IgG. Paraneoplastic patients were defined as those with cancer identified within 2 years of the diagnosis of NMOSD. Results: Five (3.2%) of 156 patients had paraneoplastic NMOSD, and 12 previously reported patients were identified. The most common tumors were adenocarcinoma of the lung (five patients) and breast (five). Compared with the 151 non-paraneoplastic NMOSD patients, the 17 (5 current cases and 12 previously reported) were older at symptom onset (median age = 55 (range: 17–87) vs 40 (range: 10–77) years; p = 0.006), more frequently male (29.4% vs 6.6%; p = 0.009), and presented with severe nausea and vomiting (41.2% vs 6.6%; p < 0.001). The frequency of longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) as heralding symptom was similar in both groups, but patients with paraneoplastic NMOSD were older than those with non-paraneoplastic NMOSD (median age: 63 (range: 48–73) vs 43 (range: 14–74) years; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Patients, predominantly male, with NMOSD and AQP4-IgG should be investigated for an underlying cancer if they present with nausea and vomiting, or LETM after 45 years of age.

Clinical presentation of optic neuritis with autoantibodies anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Ducloyer ◽  
Laure Michel ◽  
Sandrine Wiertlewski ◽  
Pierre Lebranchu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Purpose: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies are associated with certain optic neuritis. Little data are known about the specificity of the initial ophthalmologic presentation. Methods: A monocentric retrospective study (2013–2017) of all patients diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein+ optic neuritis in a tertiary ophthalmologic unit was conducted. The primary objective was to define the clinical ophthalmologic description of the first episode. The secondary objective was to evaluate the evolution and final diagnosis. Results: A total of nine patients were included. There was no female predominance (sex ratio f/m = 0.8). At the first optic neuritis episode, the average age was 39.3 years (17–67 years, standard deviation: 18.4). Initial visual acuity was low (+1.07logMAR, standard deviation: 0.77); 5 eyes out of 15 had visual acuity +2logMAR or worse. Optic neuritis was mostly painful (8/9) and bilateral (6/9) but asymmetric. Optic disk swelling was reported in 9/15 eyes and 7/9 patients and was significantly associated with lower visual acuity in the acute phase (+1.46logMAR, standard deviation: 0.67 vs +0.5, standard deviation: 0.55; p = 0.03). After a mean observation period of 3.3 years (0.6–9.4 years, standard deviation: 3.4), median visual acuity was 0.05logMAR. All five patients were followed up for more than 1 year (5.4 years, standard deviation: 3.2) had 3–8 relapses (mean: 4.4, standard deviation: 2.1; annualized relapse rate: 1.2, standard deviation: 0.9). Final diagnosis was chronic relapsing idiopathic optic neuritis (n = 4), clinically isolated optic neuritis (n = 3), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder aquaporin 4– (n = 2). Conclusion: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein+ optic neuritis has an atypical clinical presentation compared with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder aquaporin 4+. Its evolution is closer to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder aquaporin 4+, with a better visual outcome.

Immune-mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acute Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This chapter reviews pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) syndrome. MS is a major acquired disease of young adults, with a rising female predominance. MS has no direct negative consequences on fertility or pregnancy. Pregnancy has a profound effect on MS, with decrease in disease activity during the last trimester counteracted by a three-month postpartum increase in disease activity. With the development of disease-modifying therapies, important questions arise about washout periods, the feasibility and risks of treating during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the potential of treatment-related adverse fetal effects. Fortunately, there is good information to counsel women with MS. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a neuroimmune channelopathy. It is a distinct disorder from MS. NMOSD disease activity is not favorably affected by pregnancy. The postpartum period has real risk for disabling attacks. This influences recommendations about breastfeeding and how quickly to resume therapy postpartum. Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) syndrome can occur in both MS and NMOSD but can also be due to other disorders. Workup and treatment of ATM during pregnancy is reviewed, as well as implications for delivery.

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