scholarly journals CHORNOBYL CATASTROPHE: CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF LOW DOSE IONIZING RADIATION AND THEIR MODIFICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Domina
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Relative Biologic Effectiveness

Among the long-term effects of the Chornobyl disaster the greatest concern of international medical and scientific community is given to the established fact of excess of the spontaneous level of cancer incidence in the exposed population. According to modern concepts, the accumulation of chromosome aberrations, especially in radiosensitive cells, could be potentially oncogenic, and low doses of ionizing radiation could be promoters of the radiation-induced carcinogenesis. The results of our studies have shown that such substances as thymalin, inosine, ascorbic acid, caffeine could modify radiation-induced cytogenetic effects in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals and exert protective or sensitizing action dependent on their concentrations, cell radiosensitivity, dose of irradiation, and relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After”.

Long-term effects of acute low-dose ionizing radiation on the neonatal mouse heart: a proteomic study

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur V. Bakshi ◽  
Zarko Barjaktarovic ◽  
Omid Azimzadeh ◽  
Stefan J. Kempf ◽  
Juliane Merl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Neonatal Mouse ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Proteomic Study

scholarly journals ASTAXANTHIN MODIFIES CLASTOGENIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION IN VITRO IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES OF THE PERSONS RECOVERED FROM ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Кurinnyi ◽  
S R Rushkovsky ◽  
O B Dybska ◽  
G V Dubrovina ◽  
M A Pilinska
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Acute Radiation Sickness ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced

Aim: To assess radioprotective activity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced in vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Materials and Methods: PBL from the cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation at high doses in 1986 during accident on Chornobyl nuclear power plant and who were diagnosed with acute radiation sickness of the first and second degrees, were cultured in vitro. Astaxanthin was added into the culture medium at a final concentration of 20.0 µg/ml, prior to γ-irradiation of PBL in vitro at a dose of 1 Gy. The slides of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed. Results: Astaxanthin demonstrated considerable radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cyto radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cytoradioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cytogenetic markers of radiation exposure (dicentrics and centric rings). Conclusion: The data evidence on radioprotective capacity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced cytogenetic effects in vitro in PBL of liquidators irradiated during Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled “The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After”.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Amifostine-Loaded Dissolving Armored Microneedles for Long-Term Prevention of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Minshu Li ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jingfei li ◽  
Guoli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Effect of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle precursor cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Jurdana ◽  
Maja Cemazar ◽  
Katarina Pegan ◽  
Tomaz Mars
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation

Abstract Background. Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures. Materials and methods. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death. Results. Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70). Conclusions. Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.

Cell and Tissue Damage after Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects after a Single and Fractional Doses

2014 ◽  
Vol 200 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 240-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahori Kinoshita ◽  
Hisako Ishimine ◽  
Kenshiro Shiraishi ◽  
Harunosuke Kato ◽  
Kentaro Doi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Skin Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals First Insights into the Effect of Low-Dose X-Ray Irradiation in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Schröder ◽  
Stephan Kriesen ◽  
Guido Hildebrandt ◽  
Katrin Manda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Dose Radiation

(1) Background: Emerging interest of physicians to use adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for regenerative therapies and the fact that low-dose irradiation (LD-IR ≤ 0.1 Gy) has been reported to enhance the proliferation of several human normal and bone-marrow stem cells, but not that of tumor cells, lead to the idea of improving stem cell therapies via low-dose radiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate unwanted side effects, as well as proliferation-stimulating mechanisms of LD-IR on ADSCs. (2) Methods: To avoid donor specific effects, ADSCs isolated from mamma reductions of 10 donors were pooled and used for the radiobiological analysis. The clonogenic survival assay was used to classify the long-term effects of low-dose radiation in ADSCs. Afterwards, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, as well as the effect of irradiation on proliferation of ADSCs were investigated. (3) Results: LD (≤ 0.1 Gy) of ionizing radiation promoted the proliferation and survival of ADSCs. Within this dose range neither geno- nor cytotoxic effects were detectable. In contrast, greater doses within the dose range of >0.1–2.0 Gy induced residual double-strand breaks and reduced the long-term survival, as well as the proliferation rate of ADSCs. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that ADSCs are resistant to LD-IR. Furthermore, LD-IR could be a possible mediator to improve approaches of stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine.

Chemical Protection against the Long-Term Effects of a Single Whole-Body Exposure of Mice to Ionizing Radiation: II. Causes of Death

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Maisin ◽  
A. Declève ◽  
G. B. Gerber ◽  
G. Mattelin ◽  
M. Lambiet-Collier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chemical Protection
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