Experimental Herpetic Encephalitis Produced by Feeding Herpes Virus to Guinea Pigs.

1928 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Herpetic Encephalitis ◽  
Herpès Virus

scholarly journals Inactivation and reactivation of the virus of Herpes

1931 ◽  
Vol 109 (762) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Herpetic Encephalitis ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simple Exposure

The experiments, an account of which is given here, were based on two sets of observations—a personal one and one recorded by Zinsser and Seastone (1930). The personal observation relates to the injurious action of air on the virus of herpes. The method in common use for the preservation of this virus consists in the cold storage of pieces of infective brain in glycerol—pure or diluted. If special precautions are taken to exclude air, material so preserved will retain its infectivity for several years. In an ice chest with an average temperature of + 9° C. it has been my experience that unless air is largely excluded ( e. g ., by a layer of liquid paraffin) the brain will cease to be infective after a period of 3 to 4 months. Under a layer of liquid paraffin and at that temperature the material will still be infective after 2 years. Cold storage at lower temperatures yields better results under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The acidity which develops when pieces of fresh tissue are preserved in glycerol has apparently little injurious effect on the virus. The second observation is that of Zinsser and Seastone, who found that a filtrate of herpes virus which possessed a low degree of infectivity and took as much as 11 days to kill a rabbit on cerebral inoculation, recovered its infectivity to such an extent after the addition of cysteine that the incubation period was reduced to 5 days. In a second and more striking experiment an active filtrate of herpes virus lost its infectivity for the rabbit by simple exposure to air for 8 days at room temperature, yet the inactive sample recovered its full infectivity by the addition of cysteine and anaerobic preservation for a further 17 days. Since these observations suggest that exposure to air tends to inactivate the virus of herpes and that the inactivated virus can be reactivated under conditions which favour an increase in the reduction potential, an attempt was made at inactivating broth filtrates of this virus by saturation with oxygen and subsequent reactivation by a process of reduction. Filtrate .—Only broth filtrates obtained from diffusates were used. The diffusates were prepared as follows. The cerebral hemispheres of a rabbit which had been killed at the height of a typical attack of herpetic encephalitis, were roughly crushed in situ with a pair of dissecting forceps and dropped into a tube containing 30 c. c. of Hartley’s broth over which a layer of liquid paraffin was floated. The tube was left at room temperature for a few days (5-10) and then was transferred to the cold room until required. Such diffusates will be found active even 18 months later and are easily filtered. After centrifuging the diffusate was filtered through a Pasteur-Chamberland L2 or L3 candle at a negative pressure of 20 cm. Hg. As the filtrate obtained from the first candleful of the diffusate was frequently found to be inactive, it was usually rejected. The rest of the filtrate, unless used immediately, was sealed with vaseline and kept in the cold.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TESTICULAR EXTRACT ON FILTERABLE VIRUSES

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Abdominal Skin ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Pathogenic Action ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Borna Disease

The Reynals factor promotes the pathogenic action of the viruses of herpes, vesicular stomatitis of horses, Borna disease, and vaccinia. The heightening of virulence is revealed in various ways. The effects of the viruses may be accentuated; or a weak strain converted into a strong one, as in the case of the F. strain of herpes virus; or the power acquired to infect resistant species or tissues, as, e.g., rabbits and the abdominal skin of guinea pigs, with acute vesicular stomatitis. The Reynals factor should serve as an important agent in the study of filterable viruses.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Flexner
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Epidemic Encephalitis ◽  
Virus Encephalitis ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Brain Involvement ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Experimental Virus ◽  
The Brain

The guinea pig is subject to cerebral and corneal inoculation of the herpes virus. The effects of the inoculations vary with the strength or degree of virulence of the virus. Weak strains of the virus are implanted on the cerebrum with difficulty and strong strains with ease. Weak strains are quickly suppressed by the brain and strong strains may be passed indefinitely from brain to brain of the guinea pig. Strains of intermediate potency can be passed for a limited number of times only. Weak strains induce keratoconjunctivitis without brain involvement, while strong strains invade the brain from the eye and produce fatal encephalitis. In the latter case, the brain contains active virus inoculable upon the cornea and into the brain of rabbits and guinea pigs. Strains of intermediate potency produce keratoconjunctivitis accompanied by mild symptoms of encephalitis, from which recovery results. The guinea pig serves even more definitely than the rabbit to distinguish grades of virus according to strength or virulence. There is no difference of kind but only of degree of response to inoculation of herpes virus in the rabbit and the guinea pig. The etiology of epidemic encephalitis has not, therefore, been brought appreciably nearer solution by experiments with herpes virus carried out in guinea pigs.

scholarly journals THE ACTION OF THE LEVADITI STRAIN OF HERPES VIRUS, AND OF VACCINE VIRUS IN THE GUINEA PIG

1928 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Olitsky ◽  
Perrin H. Long
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
The Brain

A number of methods have been employed in attempts to induce encephalitis in guinea pigs with the Levaditi C strain of herpes virus. Some of these consisted of different modes of inoculation of the virus itself and others of different ways of combining it with vesicular stomatitis and neurovaccine viruses so as to obtain the concomitant effects of both. In still another test the Levaditi virus was combined with the neurovaccine in a manner calculated to bring about the maximum action of each at the same time. By all these methods, the Levaditi virus failed to evoke the characteristic encephalitis which this specimen is capable of inducing uniformly in rabbits. On the other hand, when the Levaditi herpes virus is inoculated into the brain of guinea pigs in conjunction with suitably timed corneal injections, it acquires active encephalitogenic properties. The results just noted suggest several considerations: 1. The possibility of increasing the virulence of a filtrable virus by animal passage in a special manner. It is not likely that the increase as observed was due to dosage, for after the virus acquired its encephalitogenic property for guinea pigs, the usual amounts of virus suspensions sufficed to induce, in a uniform way, typical encephalitis. 2. The opinion previously expressed by Flexner that the guinea pig serves merely to separate weak from strong strains of herpes virus is supported: for only according to the particular method described, could the encephalitogenic power of the Levaditi virus be developed and the weak be converted into a strong herpes strain. With the acquisition of this power, the Levaditi virus acted in precisely the same manner as strong herpes strains both in the guinea pig and the rabbit. Moreover, it was shown in guinea pigs that cross-immunity occurs between weak and strong strains. 3. The two samples of neurovaccine virus employed were incapable of inducing encephalitis in guinea pigs after intracutaneous, intratesticular, corneal, or intracerebral inoculation, although they were actively encephalitogenic in rabbits. In spite of the fact that the vaccine virus and herpes virus are different, as shown by the histopathology and absence of cross-immunity, they behave in the same way when injected into the brain of the guinea pig. The failure of the concomitant action of both viruses to induce encephalitis in the guinea pig suggests that the association of two viruses, under the experimental conditions outlined, is incapable of inducing encephalitis, if either, by itself, is non-encephalitogenic. 4. The serum from normal guinea pigs may neutralize a weak (Levaditi C) but not a strong (H.F.) strain of herpes virus; but the neutralizing action of the serum on Levaditi C virus is not uniform. 5. The Levaditi strain of virus can increase in quantity in the brain of the guinea pig to a degree which permits detection and yet fails to evoke any distinctive clinical picture or definite histopathological changes. 6. Repeated intraperitoneal injections of Levaditi virus in guinea pigs elicit no signs of infection, yet they induce a solid immunity to strong strains of herpes virus.

High-Dose Valacyclovir Reduced Shedding of Oral Herpes Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Patrice Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Herpes ◽  
Herpès Virus

A Case of Drug-induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome with Reactivated Human Herpes Virus 6 and Transiently Raised IgM Antibody to Parvovirus B19

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
Emiko KAMADA ◽  
Yohei SANO ◽  
Azusa HAYAKAWA ◽  
Yasuko YAMADA ◽  
Yoshihiro IKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Hypersensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 6 ◽  
Herpès Virus
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