scholarly journals The Enclosed Leviathan- Pleomorphic Fibroma

Cutaneous pleomorphic fibroma was initially described by Kamino et al in 1989 as a dermal, pauci-cellular neoplasm with an abundant fibrous tissue stroma, atypical fibro-histiocytic cells and disseminated multinucleated giant cells(1). Pleomorphic fibroma is an exceptional, benign, polypoid ordome shaped, sparsely cellular, cutaneous fibroblastic neoplasm characteristically delineating aberrant, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic and giant multinucleated cells embedded in a collagenous stroma (2). Pleomorphic fibroma is contemplated to originate from dendrocytes, in contrast to myofibroblasts. The exceptional neoplasm can simulate adjunctive fibro-histiocytic, melanocytic or lipomatous neoplasia. Despite cellular and nuclear atypia accompanying pleomorphic, bizarre cells, the neoplasm is contemplated as architecturally and biologically benign, on account of exceptional or absent mitosis(2). Pleomorphic fibroma may be interlinked with sclerotic fibroma. Martin-Lopez defined the terminology “pleomorphic sclerotic fibroma” which posits pleomorphic fibroma, sclerotic fibroma and pleomorphic sclerotic fibroma as neoplasia representing a morphologic continuum (3).

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nascimento ◽  
M. Medeiros ◽  
J. Calasans-Maia ◽  
A. Alves ◽  
Antonella M. Rossi ◽  
...  

This study investigated the osteoinductive potential of granules of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) and 0.5% zinc containing hydroxyapatite (ZnHA) in intramuscular (IM) site of rabbit’s abdomen. The biomaterials were both used in granular form, with 75% porosity and particle diameter between 450 and 500μm, sintered at 1100°C. Both materials performed adequately on a multiparametric in vitro cytocompatibility assay, indicating their suitability for in vivo testing. After approval by the Ethics Commission on Teaching and Research in Animals, fifteen rabbits were submitted to general anesthesia, incision and tissue dilatation, and a small site was created for HA (right incision) and ZnHA (left incision) intramuscular implantation. The animals were killed after 2, 4 and 12 weeks for biomaterials and surrounding tissues removal. Histological analysis after 2 weeks revealed the presence of granulation tissue surrounding biomaterials with multinucleated giant cells and no newly formed bone for both materials. After 4 weeks there was fibrous tissue involving the material and few inflammatory cells. Following 12 weeks it was observed the presence of connective tissue surrounding the biomaterial, cellularized enough for the two experimental groups, but it was not observed the presence of bone matrix associated with the biomaterials. We conclude that both biomaterials are cytocompatible and did not present the property of osseoinduction after 12 weeks of implantation.


1956 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Glaser ◽  
Wilbur A. Thomas ◽  
Stephen I. Morse ◽  
James E. Darnell ◽  

Rabbits subjected to single pharyngeal infections with group A streptococci developed cardiac lesions characterized by myofiber necrosis and a non-granulocytic cellular reaction with histiocytes, lymphocytes, and Anitschkow myocytes. The histopathologic changes were demonstrable in some animals within 24 hours of inoculation, apparently were maximal 72 hours after induction of infection (at which time they were seen in the hearts of all nine rabbits studied), and thereafter healed in the course of the following 2 weeks. The extent of involvement was variable, and with healing the necrotic areas were replaced by fibrous tissue. When intradermal infections with the same organisms were produced in rabbits, cardiac lesions, indistinguishable from those observed in the pharyngeally infected group, appeared in a much smaller number of animals. The hearts of five of six rabbits sacrificed a month or more following the last of a series of streptococcal pharyngeal infections exhibited lesions characterized chiefly by fibrosis, although mononuclear cellular infiltrations were also noted. In these repetitively infected animals the presence of occasional multinucleated giant cells and a few small foci of calcification were features not encountered in the single infection group. In a second series of rabbits sacrificed 3 days after the last of three pharyngeal infections with different strains of streptococci, acute as well as more chronic changes were observed. In none of the lesions in rabbits subjected to single or multiple streptococcal infections were bacteria demonstrable, either in histologic sections or in cultures of myocardial tissue. A large number of control animals was studied concomitantly, and in only one instance was a lesion, considered comparable to those described in the streptococcal series, encountered. The implications of these findings, particularly in terms of the non-suppurative sequelae of streptococcal infections in man, are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerriann M. Casey ◽  
Amanda L. Johnson ◽  
Melea N. Hunrath ◽  
Jenelle K. Fraser ◽  
Nicole C. McCowan ◽  
...  

Beginning in 2015, athymic nude sentinel mice from conventional, medium-, and high-security facilities presented to the Comparative Pathology Laboratory (CPL) with weight loss, diarrhea, and/or rectal prolapse. Regardless of whether clinical signs were present or absent, the gross observation of ceco-colonic thickening corresponded histologically to pleocellular typhlocolitis with mucosal hyperplasia and lamina proprial multinucleated cells. A subset of affected sentinels exhibited granulomatous serositis and hepatosplenic necrosis with multinucleated cells. Initial suspicion of mouse hepatitis virus infection was excluded by polymerase chain reaction, electron microscopy, and serology. Multinucleated giant cells were confirmed as macrophages by positive immunoreactivity to Mac-3 and Iba-1 and negative immunoreactivity to pancytokeratin. From conventional and medium-security facilities, Helicobacter species were identified in 40 of 143 (27.9%) mice, with H. hepaticus accounting for 72.5% of identified Helicobacter species. Other agents included opportunistic bacterial infection (41/145, 28.3%), murine norovirus (16/106, 15.1%), and pinworms (2/146, 1.4%). From high-security facilities, only Enterobacter cloacae was identified (2/13, 15.4%), and no evidence of Helicobacter sp., murine norovirus, or pinworms was present. No potentially infectious disease agent(s) was identified in 71 of 146 (48.6%) affected nude sentinels from conventional and medium-security facilities and 11 of 13 (84.6%) affected nude sentinels from high-security facilities. No statistically significant differences in histologic lesion scores were identified between Helicobacter-positive and Helicobacter-negative mice. Thus, proliferative typhlocolitis with multinucleated giant cells was considered a nonspecific histologic pattern associated with a variety of primary and opportunistic pathogens in athymic nude mice.


Author(s):  
М.А. Затолокина ◽  
С.Л. Кузнецов ◽  
Т.В. Мутова ◽  
Е.С. Мишина ◽  
Е.С. Затолокина

Изучением морфологических особенностей, функциональной роли и механизмов образования гигантских клеток инородных тел занимались многие российские и зарубежные ученые. Однако данных о возможной причастности этих клеток, вероятно опосредованно, к процессам регенерации тканей, окружающих эндопротезы, используемые в герниологии при пластике брюшной стенки не было выявлено. Такое состояние проблемы и определило цель данного исследования: изучить морфологические особенности многоядерных клеток при имплантации сетчатых эндопротезов в ткани передней брюшной стенки. Материалы и методы. Экспериментальное исследование было выполнено на кроликах-самцах породы «Шиншила», массой 2500 г, в возрасте от 1 до 1,5 лет, которым под внутривенным наркозом препаратом «Золетил 50» в дозе 5 мг/кг массы, в асептических условиях надапоневротически имплантировали сетчатые эндопротезы: «Плазмофильтр», «Эсфил», «Унифлекс+Ag», «Гинефлекс» и «Гинефлекс + АПоТр». Полученные гистологические срезы толщиной 5-7 мкм, окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином, по методу Ван Гизон, по Маллори и проводили иммуногистохимическое исследование к маркеру клеточной пролиферации Ki-67. Результаты. Первое появление многоядерных клеток было отмечено на 7-е сутки эксперимента, далее происходило увеличение их количества на стандартной площади среза, размеров, числа ядер и площади занимаемой этими клетками. Через три недели после оперативного вмешательства отмечалось снижение данных показателей, что, по всей видимости, связано с окончанием перестройки соединительной ткани и приживлением импланта. Было замечено, что на ранних сроках многоядерные клетки локализуются чаще на нитях эндопротеза, затем между ними и позднее во внутреннем слое сформированной перипротезной капсуле. Необходимо так же отметить, что нанесение на эндопротез биологического материала в качестве внешнего слоя (антимикробное или антибактериальное покрытие) служащего неким «амортизатором», а также, одновременное введение аутоплазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами под эндопротез приводит к появлению в перипротезных тканях морфологически разных видов многоядерных клеток. Заключение. Выявленные морфофункциональные особенности гигантских многоядерных клеток зависят от физико-химических характеристик эндопротезов, а кажущаяся неравномерность и беспорядочность в локализации многоядерных клеток, отражает определенную закономерность в реакции клеточного компонента перипротезной соединительной ткани на разных сроках эксперимента. Many Russian and international scientists have studied morphological features and the functional role and mechanisms for formation of foreign-body giant cells. However, possible and probably indirect involvement of these cells in regeneration of tissues surrounding the endoprosthesis used in hernioplasty of the abdominal wall is unknown. This status of the issue has determined the aim of this study: to examine morphological features of multinucleated cells during implantation of mesh endoprostheses into the anterior abdominal wall. Material and methods. This experimental study was performed on 1-1.5-year old Chinchilla male rabbits weighing 2500 g. The rabbits were anesthetized with Zoletil 50 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), and Plasmofilter, Esfil, Uniflex + Ag, Gineflex or Gineflex + ApoTr mesh endoprostheses were implanted unser aseptic conditions. Histological sections (5-7 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gieson staining procedure, and Mallory staining procedure. and immunohistochemical staining for the cell proliferation marker, Ki-67. Results. Multinucleated cells first emerged on day 7 of the experiment; then their number per standard sectional area, nucleus size, and the area occupied by these cells increased. At three weeks after the surgery, these indexes decreased, which was apparently associated with the end of connective tissue remodeling and engraftment. It was noted that in the early stages, multinucleated cells were localized primarily on the endoprosthesis threads, then between them, and later in the inner layer of the formed periprosthetic capsule. Covering the endoprosthesis with a biological material serving as a “shock absorbing” outer layer (with an antimicrobial or antibacterial coating) and simultaneous administration of platelet-enriched autoplasma under the endoprosthesis resulted in emergence of morphologically different types of multinucleated cells in periprosthetic tissues. Conclusion. The identified morphofunctional features of multinucleated giant cells depend on physicochemical characteristics of the endoprosthesis. The ostensible irregular and chaotic localization of multinucleated cells reflects a certain pattern in the reaction of the periprosthetic connective tissue cellular component at different periods of the experiment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena O Dyadyk ◽  
Anastasiia Hryhorovska

Introduction: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) (synonym – pigmented villonodular synovitis) – is a rare benign proliferative lesion of the synovial sheath, localized in the joint capsule, bursa or tendon sheath and characterized by locally destructive growth. Depending on the prevalence within the joint elements, the presence of a capsule around the tumor, histophotographic features of cell structure and clinical behavior TSGCT can be divided to localized or diffuse type. The aim of the study was researching of histopathological properties of diffuse-type TSGCT, determine the parameters its morphological indicators and to find out the correlation between these morphological and clinical parameters. Materials and methods: The research material was used biopsy (resect) of pathological lesions from 50 patients who were diagnosed and histologically verified diffuse-type TSGCT. Microscopic examinations of the stained sections and their photo archiving were carried out with use of a Olympus-CX 41 light optical microscope. Group measurable parameters (mean values and Pearson tetrachoric index (association coefficient) were calculated in groups of comparison for morphological and clinical indices of TSGCT. The mean values were compared by Student’s test, P value of ≤0.1 was considered statistically significant. Results:Correlation analysis of indicators that accounted for the pairs of cases «clinic – morphology» revealed the relationships, that had the highest parameters of the association coefficient between such indicators: «presence of villous growths» - «severity of hemosiderosis» (if hypertrophied synovial villi available, with vascular injection and pronounced proliferation of synovial cells, there is also a significant accumulation of hemosiderin pigment); «presence of villous growths» - «type of predominant cellular proliferates» (if cells of TSGCT diffuse type consists of monotonous sheets of stromal cells, with uniform, oval to reniform nuclei, the proliferation of villi in synovial layer is non-distinctive); «presence of nodes» - «kind of stroma» (if nodes predominate, their histological structure is mainly represented by polymorphic clusters of synovitis cells in the form of cells, strands, chains, solid formations, among immature connective tissue with low hyalinosis); «cell size (area, cm²)» - «severity of haemosiderosis» and «cell size (area, cm²)» - «the number of multinucleated giant cells» (there is a pronounced deposition of pigment and accumulation of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells type, although usually their number is relatively small compared to the localized type of TSGCT). Conclusions: Morphological parameters, that we have identified, characterize pathological changes in the tissues of TSGCT; careful analysis of the frequency of their occurrence in the different comparison groups made it possible to establish intergroup differences and correlations between individual indicators, which were previously unknown or not obvious. Our study was determine to analyze of incidence rates and correlation relationships, revealed some previously unknown differences and dependencies that are important for understanding the pathogenesis, improvement of diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse-type TSGCT.


Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. FLIEDNER ◽  
GOULD A. ANDREWS ◽  
EUGENE P. CRONKITE ◽  
VICTOR P. BOND

Abstract 1. Serial marrow studies were performed during the first few days in eight men accidentally exposed to a mixed neutron gamma irradiation. They showed the occurrence of a wave of cytologic abnormalities. These were identical with those seen in animal experiments 1-3 days after whole body irradiation. They were considered to be "mitotically connected" (M. C. Abn.) and included the occurrence of chromosomal bridges and chromosomal fragments in mitoses. In interphase cells, the main abnormalities were nuclear fragments ("karyomeres") in the cytoplasm of erythroblasts, myelocytic cells and lymphocytes; bi- and multinucleated cells; and giant cells. The peak of abnormalities in the erythropoietic forms was reachéd after 2 days; that in the myelopoietic cells 4 days after exposure. On the 4th day, there was a distinct dose-dependent difference in these abnormalities between the high dose group (236-365 rads) and the low dose group (22-68 rads). 2. Some cytologic abnormalities, as seen in increased regeneratory activity of the marrow, were found in marrow smears 3.5 years after the accident, although the peripheral blood counts and mitotic indices of the marrow were within normal range. Their significance is obscure. 3. A careful cytologic evaluation of serially aspirated marrow samples during the first hours and days after whole body exposure proves to be an additional important aid in the assessment of the exposed individual and may well prove to be useful in determining the degree of injury and thus the prognosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurratulain Chundriger ◽  
Muhammad Usman Tariq ◽  
Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar ◽  
Arsalan Ahmed ◽  
Nasir Ud Din

Abstract Background Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor of intermediate malignant potential which shows locally aggressive growth but only rarely metastasizes. It is mostly considered to be a tumor of pediatric population but its occurrence in the adults is not uncommon as once considered. Histologically, KHE can mimic other soft tissue neoplasms of different behaviors (e.g. Kaposi Sarcoma, hemangioma) and establishing the correct diagnosis is important for appropriate treatment. Herein, we describe the clinicopathological features of 8 cases of KHE which will be helpful in making their diagnosis. Methods We reviewed pathology reports, microscopy glass slides and obtained follow up information about 8 cases of KHE which were diagnosed at our institution from January 2008 till June 2020. Immunohistochemical stain for HHV8 was also performed. Results Age ranged from 7 months to 25 years. Seven patients were less than 20 years of age and one patient was 25 years old. Equal gender distribution was observed. Extremities were the most common sites of involvement, followed by head and neck, pancreas and ischiorectal region. 2 cases were resection specimen and all others were incisional biopsies. The largest tumor size was 5.5 cm in one of the resections. The incisional/fragmented tissues were all less than 5 cm in aggregate. Most cases showed predominance of nodular growth and a minor component of spindle cell population along with lymphangiomatosis like vascular channels, with evidence of microthrombi in 2 cases. Few multinucleated giant cells were observed in 2 cases. None of the cases exhibited significant nuclear atypia or mitotic activity. One of the cases arising in dermis showed underlying bone involvement. HHV8 was negative in 7/7 cases. Conclusions KHE can also involve adult population and it should always be considered in the differential diagnoses of a vascular lesion. Presence of multinucleated giant cells is a rare finding. Knowledge about histological features and potential mimics is helpful in avoiding misdiagnosis.


2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1293-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Dargent ◽  
Laurence Lespagnard ◽  
Anne Kornreich ◽  
Philippe Hermans ◽  
Nathan Clumeck ◽  
...  

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