scholarly journals Modeling PLL Loop with Nonlinearity

Telecom IT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Y. Nikitin ◽  
G. Tsygankov
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Phase Locked Loop ◽  
Phase Detector ◽  
Stationary Mode ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Feedback Circuit ◽  
Pulse Counter ◽  
Pulse Phase ◽  
Negative Feedback Circuit

A model of a pulse phase-locked loop multiplying ring in a MicroCap11 medium is considered. The analysis uses a nonlinear model of a voltage-controlled oscillator with a user-defined control characteristic. An RS-trigger is used as a pulse-phase detector, a pulse counter in the negative feedback circuit is implemented on JK-triggers. Transient processes in the ring, as well as the spectrum of the output oscillations in the steady (stationary) mode are considered.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Whole-Cell Biosensor for Cadmium Detection Based on a Negative Feedback Circuit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbao Zhang ◽  
Shuting Hu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Feedback Circuit ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Feedback Amplifier ◽  
Cadmium Detection ◽  
Negative Feedback Circuit

Although many whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) for the detection of Cd2+ have been developed over the years, most lack sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we developed a Cd2+ WCB with a negative feedback amplifier in P. putida KT2440. Based on the slope of the linear detection curve as a measure of sensitivity, WCB with negative feedback amplifier greatly increased the output signal of the reporter mCherry, resulting in 33% greater sensitivity than in an equivalent WCB without the negative feedback circuit. Moreover, WCB with negative feedback amplifier exhibited increased Cd2+ tolerance and a lower detection limit of 0.1 nM, a remarkable 400-fold improvement compared to the WCB without the negative feedback circuit, which is significantly below the World Health Organization standard of 27 nM (0.003 mg/L) for cadmium in drinking water. Due to the superior amplification of the output signal, WCB with negative feedback amplifier can provide a detectable signal in a much shorter time, and a fast response is highly preferable for real field applications. In addition, the WCB with negative feedback amplifier showed an unusually high specificity for Cd2+ compared to other metal ions, giving signals with other metals that were between 17.6 and 41.4 times weaker than with Cd2+. In summary, the negative feedback amplifier WCB designed in this work meets the requirements of Cd2+ detection with very high sensitivity and specificity, which also demonstrates that genetic negative feedback amplifiers are excellent tools for improving the performance of WCBs.

scholarly journals Negative feedback circuit for toll like receptor-8 activation in human embryonic Kidney 293 using outer membrane vesicle delivered bi-specific siRNA

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Adhikari ◽  
Birendra Prasad Gupta ◽  
Krishna Das Manandhar ◽  
Shravan Kumar Mishra ◽  
Hari Krishna Saiju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Feedback Circuit ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Negative Feedback Circuit

APPLICATION OF THE PLL CONTROL AT THE REALIZATION OF A 16-THROUGH ADC

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Magerramov
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Phase Locked Loop ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Phase Detector ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Low Pass

This article describes the method of converting an analog signal into a digital code using a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit. The functional structure of the voltage-to-digital conversion circuit is considered. The application of the principle of phase-locked loop for controlling the duty cycle of the output signal of a phase detector when the voltage at the positive input of the operational amplifier included in the low-pass filter is investigated. In the modern world, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are available in almost every electronic device. The application of different ADC architectures is determined by their parameters and features by circuit and technological implementation. The phase-locked loop with a digital part (16-bit counter, storage register and data transfer interface) allows to obtain a precision analog-to-digital converter, based on a relatively simple circuit design, which has high accuracy and low noise level. Negative feedback of the PLL loop makes it possible to level the error of the passive elements of the low-pass filter (LPF) and the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The result of this work is an analysis of the ADC characteristics in the technological basis of 250 nm.

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