Research the load capacity of microcircuits

The device for the definition of the integrated circuits load-driving capability is offered. Device for determining the output capability of microcircuits refers to the field of microminiaturization and the technology of radio electronic equipment and can be used to control the parameters of microcircuits during their production. The device contains a rectangular pulse generator, an integrated circuit that is being tested, a repeater, load, a switch, an AND gate, a comparator, a pulse counter and a voltage reference, a vibrator, a reversible pulse counter, a decoder, and an indicator. Technical result when implementing the disclosed solution is high accuracy and reliability of determining load capacity of microcircuits. The proposed device allows increasing accuracy and reliability of defining circuits load-driving capacity. It also allows testing of TTL, Schottky-TTL, and MOSFET circuits. There are two switchable operating modes for testing fan-out for logical high and low levels. It is easy to replace a circuit that is being tested and load.

Modeling PLL Loop with Nonlinearity

A model of a pulse phase-locked loop multiplying ring in a MicroCap11 medium is considered. The analysis uses a nonlinear model of a voltage-controlled oscillator with a user-defined control characteristic. An RS-trigger is used as a pulse-phase detector, a pulse counter in the negative feedback circuit is implemented on JK-triggers. Transient processes in the ring, as well as the spectrum of the output oscillations in the steady (stationary) mode are considered.

Noise Immunity of the Fibonacci Counter with the Fractal Decoder Device for Telecommunication Systems

The paper presents the improved method of noise immune Fibonacci counting in the minimal form of representation. The method was tested and investigated in the developed noise immune pulse counter based on a minimal form of Fibonacci code with a fractal decoding device. The proposed device, which is simulated in the NI Multisim software, possesses a homogenous structure, increased noise immunity, performance and detection of bit errors in the process of its operation.

Synthetic cassettes for pH-mediated sensing, counting and containment

As pH is fundamental to all biological processes, pH-responsive bacterial genetic circuits enable precise sensing in any environment. Where unintentional release of engineered bacteria poses a concern, coupling pH sensing to expression of a toxin creates an effective bacterial containment system. Here, we present a pH-sensitive kill switch (acidic Termination of Replicating Population; acidTRP), based on the E. coli asr promoter, with a survival ratio of less than 1 in 106. We integrate acidTRP with cryodeath to produce a two-factor containment system with a combined survival ratio of less than 1 in 1011 whilst maintaining evolutionary stability. We further develop a pulse-counting circuit with single cell readout for each administered stimulus pulse. We use this pulse-counter to record multiple pH changes and combine it with acidTRP to make a two-count acid-sensitive kill switch. These results demonstrate the ability to build complex genetic systems for biological containment.

Effect of Positive end-expiratory pressure on stroke volume variation: an experimental study in dogs

Background : Stroke volume variation (SVV) is reportedly affected by ventilation settings. However, it is unclear whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) affects SVV independent of the effect of driving pressure. We aimed to investigate the effect of driving pressure and PEEP on SVV under various preload conditions using beagle dogs as the model animal. Methods : Mild and moderate hemorrhage models were created in 9 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated beagle dogs by sequentially removing 10 mL/kg, and then an additional 10 mL/kg of blood, respectively. In all animals, driving pressure was incrementally increased by 4 cmH 2 O, from 5 cmH 2 O to 17 cmH 2 O, under PEEP values of 4, 8, and 12 cmH 2 O. Stroke volume (SV) was measured using the pulse-counter method and the thermodilution method. Results : The driving pressure did not significantly decrease SV under each preload condition and PEEP; however, increased SVV significantly. In contrast, the increased PEEP decreased SV and increased SVV under each preload condition and driving pressure, but these association were not statistically significant. According to multiple regression analysis, an increase in PEEP and decrease in preload significantly decreased SV (P<0.01). In addition, PEEP did not affect SVV, but the increased driving pressure and decreased preload significantly increased SVV. Conclusion: The SV decreased with an increase in PEEP; however, the SVV was not significantly affected by PEEP. Driving pressure had more influence than PEEP on SVV.

Research on Subdivision System of Sin-Cos Encoder Based on Zero Phase Bandpass Filter

A novel high-precision subdivision system for high-speed encoders is designed in this work. The system is designed with an arc second of Sin-Cos Encoder (SCE) based on zero phase bandpass filter. The system collects the analog output signals of an encoder with a high-speed data acquisition system (DAS); the noise of a digital signal can be effectively eliminated by zero phase bandpass filter with appropriate prior parameters. Finally, the actual rotation angle of the encoder is calculated by the software subdivision technique in the system. The software subdivision technique includes two methods, which are the Analog Pulse Counter (APC) and the Arc Tangent Subdivision (ATS). The APC method calculates the encoder angle by counting the analog pulses acquired by the arc tangent signal. The ATS method calculates the encoder angle by computing the arc tangent results of each point. The accuracy and stability of the system are first verified with a simulated signal; second, the real signals of an SCE are acquired by a high speed DAS on a test bench of a precision reducer, which is employed in industrial robots. The results of the proposed system are compared. The experimental results show that the system can significantly improve the accuracy of the encoder angle calculation, with controllable costs.