The problem of the non-marine cretaceous strata correlation in the north-east of Russia: the conditions of florogenesis in the volcanic region

The most part of the fossil floras from the Cretaceous volcanogenic formations of the North-East of Russia differs significantly in systematic composition from the same-age paleofloras of coastal lowlands. In order to explain the features of their formation, the modern data on the dynamics of vegetation cover on the volcanic plateaus of Central Kamchatka were used. It was shown that in the sites where the paleofloras in geological disposals of the Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanogenic belt were found, there was practically no erosion, but there was the abundance of volcanic material suitable for the formation of disposals. After the massive powerful eruptions, the inland districts of the vast volcanic areas were isolated from the sources of diasporas. Vegetation cover in these areas recovered mainly due to the pool of local species, i.e., maintained as a diasporic sub-climax. The lack of competition from angiosperms contributed to the long-term preservation in such paleofloras the ancient groups of plants and the formation of new taxa on their basis.

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ON THE CHAUN PALAEOFLORA FROM NON-MARINE CRERACEOUS OF CHUKOTKA

Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya ◽

10.30911/0207-4028-2021-40-2-55-66 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-66

Author(s):

S.V. Shchepetov ◽

◽

V.Yu. Neshataeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Term Study ◽

Coastal Lowland ◽

Volcanogenic Belt ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Fossil Floras ◽

Systematic Composition

The Cretaceous fossil floras from the formations of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt differ significantly by its systematic composition from the same-age fossil floras from the coastal lowland sedimentations. The peculiarities of fossil floras from the volcanogenic disposals are the most obvious in Chaun Flora firstly found in the volcanogenic formations of Pegtymelski Arch in Central Chukotka. L.B. Golovneva presented the results of the long-term study of this flora in the monograph published in 2018. On the base of these data and using our own experience in the stratigraphy of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt and the study of the vegetation cover dynamics in the areas of modern volcanism of Kamchatka we showed that most likely Chaun Flora formed on juvenile substrata in the central parts of the vast volcanic fields being isolated form the sources of diasporas. The Chaun Flora has not clear affinity in neither lateral nor stratigraphic localization, because the fossil remains of characteristic plant species occur in different-age formations on all extent of the volcanogenic belt. The species characteristic for Chaun Flora are indicators of the certain environmental conditions and reflect the peculiarities of the processes of fossilization in the areas of terrestrial volcanism from Turon until Campanian inclusive.

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The Chingandzha flora of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt

Palaeobotany ◽

10.31111/palaeobotany/2019.10.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 13-179

Author(s):

L. B. Golovneva

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Volcanic Belt ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Sedimentary Deposits ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Magadan Region ◽

Chukotka Volcanic Belt ◽

Systematic Composition ◽

Coastal Lowlands

The Chingandzha flora comes from the volcanic-sedimentary deposits of the Chingandzha Formation (the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, North-East of Russia). The main localities of the Chingandzha flora are situated in the Omsukchan district of the Magadan Region: on the Tap River (basin of the middle course of the Viliga River), on the Kananyga River, near the mouth of the Rond Creek, and in the middle reaches of the Chingandzha River (basin of the Tumany River). The Chingandzha flora includes 23 genera and 33 species. Two new species (Taxodium viligense Golovn. and Cupressinocladus shelikhovii Golovn.) are described, and two new combinations (Arctopteris ochotica (Samyl.) Golovn. and Dalembia kryshtofovichii (Samyl.) Golovn.) are created. The Chingandzha flora consists of liverworts, horsetails, ferns, seed ferns, ginkgoaleans, conifers, and angiosperms. The main genera are Arctop teris, Osmunda, Coniopteris, Cladophlebis, Ginkgo, Sagenoptepis, Sequoia, Taxodium, Metasequoia, Cupressinocladus, Protophyllocladus, Pseudoprotophyllum, Trochodendroides, Dalembia, Menispermites, Araliaephyllum, Quereuxia. The Chingandzha flora is distinct from other floras of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt (OCVB) in predominance of flowering plants and in absence of the Early Cretaceous relicts such as Podozamites, Phoenicopsis and cycadophytes. According to its systematic composition and palaeoecological features, the Chingandzha flora is similar to the Coniacian Kaivayam and Tylpegyrgynay floras of the North-East of Russia, which were distributed at coastal lowlands east of the mountain ridges of the OCVB. Therefore, the age of the Chingandzha flora is determined as the Coniacian. This flora is assigned to the Kaivayam phase of the flora evolution and to the Anadyr Province of the Siberian-Canadian floristic realm. The Chingandzha flora is correlated with the Coniacian Aleeky flora from the Viliga-Tumany interfluve area and with other Coniacian floras of the OCVB: the Chaun flora of the Central Chukotka, the Kholchan flora of the Magadan Region and the Ul’ya flora of the Ul’ya Depression.

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In memory of Vera Antonovna Martynenko (1936-2018)

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2018.32.149 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 149-154

Keyword(s):

Vascular Plants ◽

Ussr Academy ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Komi Republic ◽

Great Contribution ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Natural Flora

Vera Antonovna Martynenko (17.02.1936–06.01.2018) — famous specialist in the field of studying vascular plant flora and vegetation of the Far North, the Honored worker of the Komi Republic (2006), The Komi Republic State Scientific Award winner (2000). She was born in the town Likhoslavl of the Kalinin (Tver) region. In 1959, Vera Antonovna graduated from the faculty of soil and biology of the Leningrad State University and then moved to the Komi Branch of USSR Academy of Science (Syktyvkar). From 1969 to 1973 she passed correspondence postgraduate courses of the Komi Branch of USSR Academy of Science. In 1974, she received the degree of candidate of biology (PhD) by the theme «Comparative analysis of the boreal flora at the Northeast European USSR» in the Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg). In 1996, Vera Antonovna received the degree of doctor of biology in the Institute of plant and animal ecology (Ekaterinburg) «Flora of the northern and mid subzones of the taiga of the European North-East». The study and conservation of species and coenotical diversity of the plant world, namely the vascular plants flora of the Komi Republic and revealing its transformation under the anthropogenic influence, was in the field of V. A. Martynenko’ scientific interests. She made great contribution to the study of the Komi Republic meadow flora and the pool of medicinal plants. She performed inventorying and mapping the meadows of several agricultural enterprises of the Republic, revealed the species composition and places for harvesting medicinal plants and studied their productivity in the natural flora of the boreal zone. The results of her long-term studies were used for making the NPA system and the Red Book of the Komi Republic (1998 and 2009). Vera Antonovna participated in the research of the influence of placer gold mining and oil development on the natural ecosystems of the North, and developed the method of long-term monitoring of plant cover. Results of these works are of high practical value. V. A. Martynenko is an author and coauthor of more than 130 scientific publications. The most important jnes are «Flora of Northeast European USSR» (1974, 1976, and 1977), «Floristic composition of fodder lands of the Northeast Europe» (1989), «The forests of the Komi Republic» (1999), «Forestry of forest resources of the Komi Republic» (2000), «The list of flora of the Yugyd va national park» (2003), «The guide for vascular plants of the Syktyvkar and its vicinities» (2005), «Vascular plants of the Komi Republic» (2008), and «Resources of the natural flora of the Komi Republic» (2014). She also was an author of «Encyclopedia of the Komi Republic» (1997, 1999, and 2000), «Historical and cultural atlas of the Komi Republic» (1997), «Atlas of the Komi Republic» (2001, 2011). V. A. Martynenko made a great contribution to the development of the botanical investigations in the North. Since 1982, during more than 10 years, she was the head of the Department of the Institute of Biology. Three Ph. D. theses have been completed under her leadership. Many years, she worked actively in the Dissertation Council of the Institute of biology Komi Scientific Centre UrB RAS. The death of Vera Antonovna Martynenko is a heavy and irretrievable loss for the staff of the Institute of Biology. The memory of Vera Antonovna will live in her numerous scientific works, the hearts of students and colleagues.

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The inventory of vegetation cover of small river valleys in the north-east of the Samara Region

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv2021101124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 157-162

Author(s):

Vera Valentinovna Solovieva

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Small River ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Small Rivers ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

The Right ◽

River Valleys

The study covered 10 small rivers in the North-Eastern part of the Samara Volga region. The author studied the vegetation cover, which is understood as a set of phytocoenoses and their constituent plant species. On the territory of Pokhvistnevsky District, there are two groups of river valleys that are heterogeneous in geobotanical terms. The first group includes the rivers with forested valleys (Kutlugush, Murakla, Karmalka). Their slopes are more or less symmetrical and steep. The vegetation cover of an undeveloped floodplain is usually uniform, and there is usually no belt. The valleys of the second group are treeless; their slopes are sharply asymmetrical (Amanak, Tergala, Talkish). The right-bank tributary of the Maly Kinel River the Lozovka River with its length of 20 km and the left tributary Kuvayka River with its length of 16 km were studied on the territory of Kinel-Cherkassky District. The Padovka and Zaprudka rivers and the right tributaries of the Bolshoi Kinel River (Kinelsky District) were also studied. The most common associations are (Salix fragilis heteroherbosa, Scirpus sylvaticus purum, Agrostis stolonifera Amoria repens, Elytrigia repens + Poa angustifolia heteroherbosa). In total, 19 types of phytocoenoses were noted, 4 of them are found in half of the studied rivers. In the plant communities of small river valleys there are 232 species of higher wild plants, which belong to 139 genera from 48 families. This is 60% of the total number of higher plants registered in the flora of small river valleys of the Samara Region. Rare protected plant species are registered here: Adonis volgensis Steven ex DC., Cacalia hastata L., Delphinium cuneatum Stev. ex DC., Globularia punctata Lapeyr.

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“The way things get done around here…” Exploring spatial biographies, social policy and governance in the North East of England

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy ◽

10.1108/ijssp-04-2016-0048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (11-12) ◽

pp. 655-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jon Warren

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

Empirical Work ◽

Social Progress ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Content Type ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Health Related

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue that the application of social policy in the North East of England is often characterised by tension and conflict. The agencies and professionals charged with implementation of Westminster driven policies constantly seek to deploy their knowledge of local conditions in order to make them both practical and palatable. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the region via established literature from history, geography, sociology and social policy. The paper gives illustrations via empirical work which has evaluated initiatives to improve the health of long term health-related benefit recipients and to sustain individuals in employment in the region. Findings Central to the paper’s argument is the notion of “biographies of place”. The core of this idea is that places have biographies in the same way as individuals and possess specific identities. These biographies have been shaped by the intersections between environment, history, culture and economic and social policy. The paper identifies the region’s economic development, subsequent decline and the alliance of labour politics and industrial employers around a common consensus that sought economic prosperity and social progress via a vision of “modernisation” as a key component of this biography. Originality/value The paper argues that an appreciation of these spatial biographies can result in innovative and more effective social policy interventions with the potential to address issues that affect entire localities.

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Northeast India

Christianity in South and Central Asia ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0014 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 156-167

Author(s):

Kaholi Zhimomi

Keyword(s):

Identity Politics ◽

Regional Identity ◽

Northeast India ◽

Way Of Life ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Indigenous Groups ◽

The Social ◽

Military Violence

The north-east has a distinct regional identity, as the land of seven sisters, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim; and yet, has been absorbed into the social, cultural and political scheme of the secular nation since independence. The identity politics resulted in dissatisfaction on the part of the indigenous people, which generated long-term military violence in Northeast India. Today, disempowerment among indigenous groups is enormous. For early missionaries, conversion to Christianity also entailed adoption of the Western way of life. Most of the missionaries in Northeast India were American or Welsh among the Protestants and German, Spanish or Italian among the Catholics. Despite exploitation by colonialists that attempted to replace indigenous customs, revivals paved the way for renaissance for those customs. Today, Christianity is the major religion in the states of Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya, with significant growth of indigenous leaders, both secular and religious. Furthermore, there is a rapid growth of educated young tribals who are qualified administrators, educators, academicians, politicians and theologians. With the effects of globalization and modernisation, Christianity must not be assumed to be an agent of acculturation but an agent that helped in the metamorphosis of indigenous norms into authentic tradition.

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Prey switching by killer whales in the north-east Atlantic: observational evidence and experimental insights

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315413001707 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 1357-1365 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dag Vongraven ◽

Anna Bisther

Keyword(s):

Killer Whale ◽

Large Population ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Killer Whales ◽

Prey Switching ◽

Photo Identification ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Spawning Stock

Studies in the Pacific have identified distinct killer whale ecotypes that are either specialized mammal- or fish-eaters. The different types have developed hunting strategies that would suggest specialization could be more advantageous than generalism. However, it has been suggested, based on long-term dietary markers of tooth wear and stable isotope values, that lineages in the North Atlantic are generalist, but with individual variation in the proportion of prey types consumed. Here, we present the results of ten years of observational and photo-identification data of a population of killer whales that follows the Norwegian spring-spawning stock of Atlantic herring. Although the whales were predominantly observed while feeding upon herring, one pod of herring-eating whales was also observed interacting with seals. This supports the hypothesis based on the long-term markers, of a degree of specialization, with a small number of groups persistently feeding upon mammals, but switching between herring and seals. We further investigated this prey switching by conducting playbacks of herring-eating killer whale sounds to harbour seals at haul-out sites on the herring spawning grounds. We recorded changes in behaviour consistent with an anti-predator response, suggesting the seals perceived the herring-eating killer whales as a potential predatory threat and had not habituated to their calls. This could be due to the risk of herring-eating killer whales switching to mammalian prey, or the difficulty of discriminating between killer whale pods due to the large population size and number of killer whale call dialects in this population, or a combination of both.

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