Rod-shaped particles found in tobacco plants infected with tobacco stunt agent.

1981 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru KUWATA ◽  
Susumu KUBO
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Plants

UTILIZING COMBINATION OF HERBICIDE COMMAND AND GROWTH STIMULATORS MELAFEN AND EMISTIM C FOR TOBACCO SEEDLING GROWING

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Efficiency of combination of soil herbicide Command (CE 0.02 ml/m2) and growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S for tobacco seedling growing in sheltered ground has been studied. Before studies inhibition properties of herbicide on first stage of tobacco growing were found. For decreasing effect of herbicide ’s depression and increasing growing processes researches during greenhouse and field stages have been carried. It has been found that soaking seeds in solution of growth stimulator Melafen (concentration 0.05 %) and Emistim S (concentration 0.00001 %) during 3 hours in combination with further treatments on basic stages of seedling development (cotyledon and ready for transplanting before pulling out) led not only to decreasing toxic effect of herbicide but also increasing qualitative properties of tobacco plants. Growth stimulators led to increasing length of plants from collar to growing point by 46-62 %, to end of tips - by 20-35 %, above ground plant mass - by 42 - 86 %, root mass - by 32 %. It was also noticed 28 - 36 % increasing outcome of standard seedlings from m2 in time of transplanting. Due to prolonged effect of Melafen and Emistim S seedlings transplanted into field were with increased surviving properties. Later, due to increased growing rate it was noticed increasing leaf area by 9-18 % and productivity - by 16-24 %. Economic effect due to utilizing growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S during seedling stage reaches 360 and 470 rubles/m2 and during field stage - 66 and 98 th.rubles/ha respectively. Offered elaboration can be utilized for protecting systems of different agricultural plants where utilizing soil herbicides is recommended. Also quality of cured tobacco grown with stimulators had been improved.

Agrobacteium Transformation of Tobacco with a Genetic Module of Antimalarial Agent Artemisinin Biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
T.Yu. Mitiuchkina ◽  
A.S. Pushin ◽  
A.K. Tzareva ◽  
A.M. Vainstein ◽  
S.V. Dolgov
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Expression Systems ◽  
Heterologous Host ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Genetic Module ◽  
Heterologous Expression Systems ◽  
Artemisinin Biosynthesis

Artemisinin-based medicines are the most effective treatment for malaria. To date, the wormwood plants (Artemisia annua L.) are the main source of artemisinin. Due to the limited nature of this source, considerable efforts are directed towards the development of methods for artemisinin production via heterologous expression systems. We used in this study agrobacterial transformation to transfer the genetic module of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway into plants and then analyzed its transcription in a heterologous host. Tobacco plants were transformed with the artemisinin biosynthesis genes encoding amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, artemisin-aldehyde All(13) reductase, amorpha-4,11-diene monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 reductase from A. annua and yeast 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase cloned in the pArtemC vector; farnesyl diphosphate synthase and aldehyde dehydrogenase were used to transform the plants as parts of vector p2356. As a result of transformation with the pArtemC and p2356 vectors, in twos transgenic lines with all target genes were obtained. Five genes of artemisinin biosynthesis and two genes of biosynthesis of its precursors were successfully transferred into the genome of transgenic tobacco lines as a result of the co-transformation with abovementioned vectors. Thus, the entire artemisinin biosynthesis pathway was first reconstructed in heterologous plants: the transcription of the artemisinin biosynthesis genes in the tobacco plants was shown via RT-PCR. The obtained results will be used in further research on expression systems for the production of artemisinin and other non-protein substances in heterologous host plants. artemisinin, malaria, metabolic engineering, tobacco, transgenic plants This work was supported by a Grant from the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-14-00190.

Production of an active recombinant thrombomodulin derivative in transgenic tobacco plants and suspension cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Schinkel ◽  
Andreas Schiermeyer ◽  
Raphael Soeur ◽  
Rainer Fischer ◽  
Stefan Schillberg
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Recombinant Thrombomodulin

scholarly journals Topical Application of Double-Stranded RNA Targeting 2b and CP Genes of Cucumber mosaic virus Protects Plants against Local and Systemic Viral Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Maria C. Holeva ◽  
Athanasios Sklavounos ◽  
Rajendran Rajeswaran ◽  
Mikhail M. Pooggin ◽  
Andreas E. Voloudakis
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a destructive plant virus with worldwide distribution and the broadest host range of any known plant virus, as well as a model plant virus for understanding plant–virus interactions. Since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a major antiviral defense, RNAi-based technologies have been developed for plant protection against viral diseases. In plants and animals, a key trigger of RNAi is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processed by Dicer and Dicer-like (DCL) family proteins in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the present study, dsRNAs for coat protein (CP) and 2b genes of CMV were produced in vitro and in vivo and applied onto tobacco plants representing a systemic solanaceous host as well as on a local host plant Chenopodium quinoa. Both dsRNA treatments protected plants from local and systemic infection with CMV, but not against infection with unrelated viruses, confirming sequence specificity of antiviral RNAi. Antiviral RNAi was effective when dsRNAs were applied simultaneously with or four days prior to CMV inoculation, but not four days post inoculation. In vivo-produced dsRNAs were more effective than the in vitro-produced; in treatments with in vivo dsRNAs, dsRNA-CP was more effective than dsRNA-2b, while the effects were opposite with in vitro dsRNAs. Illumina sequencing of small RNAs from in vivo dsRNA-CP treated and non-treated tobacco plants revealed that interference with CMV infection in systemic leaves coincides with strongly reduced accumulation of virus-derived 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs, likely generated by tobacco DCL4 and DCL2, respectively. While the 21-nt class of viral siRNAs was predominant in non-treated plants, 21-nt and 22-nt classes accumulated at almost equal (but low) levels in dsRNA treated plants, suggesting that dsRNA treatment may boost DCL2 activity. Taken together, our findings confirm the efficacy of topical application of dsRNA for plant protection against viruses and shed more light on the mechanism of antiviral RNAi.

scholarly journals Rootstocks Overexpressing StNPR1 and StDREB1 Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8398
Author(s):  
Yasmine S. Hezema ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Alok Goel ◽  
Murali M. Ayyanath ◽  
Sherif M. Sherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

In grafted plants, the movement of long-distance signals from rootstocks can modulate the development and function of the scion. To understand the mechanisms by which tolerant rootstocks improve scion responses to osmotic stress (OS) conditions, mRNA transport of osmotic responsive genes (ORGs) was evaluated in a tomato/potato heterograft system. In this system, Solanum tuberosum was used as a rootstock and Solanum lycopersicum as a scion. We detected changes in the gene expression levels of 13 out of the 21 ORGs tested in the osmotically stressed plants; of these, only NPR1 transcripts were transported across the graft union under both normal and OS conditions. Importantly, OS increased the abundance of StNPR1 transcripts in the tomato scion. To examine mRNA mobility in transgrafted plants, StNPR1 and StDREB1 genes representing the mobile and non-mobile transcripts, respectively, were overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The evaluation of transgenic tobacco plants indicated that overexpression of these genes enhanced the growth and improved the physiological status of transgenic plants growing under OS conditions induced by NaCl, mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). We also found that transgenic tobacco rootstocks increased the OS tolerance of the WT-scion. Indeed, WT scions on transgenic rootstocks had higher ORGs transcript levels than their counterparts on non-transgenic rootstocks. However, neither StNPR1 nor StDREB1 transcripts were transported from the transgenic rootstock to the wild-type (WT) tobacco scion, suggesting that other long-distance signals downstream these transgenes could have moved across the graft union leading to OS tolerance. Overall, our results signify the importance of StNPR1 and StDREB1 as two anticipated candidates for the development of stress-resilient crops through transgrafting technology.

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