Morphological peculiarities of seeds of some species of the genus Epipactis Zinn. (Orchidaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
T Ljubka ◽  
O Tsarenko ◽  
I Tymchenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Generative Organs

The investigation of macro- and micromorphological peculiarities of seeds of four species of genus Epipactis (Orchidaceae) of Ukrainian flora were carried out. The genus Epipactis is difficult in the in in taxonomic terms and for its representatives are characterized by polymorphism of morphological features of vegetative and generative organs of plants and ability of species to hybridize. The aim of the research was to perform a comparative morphological study of seeds of E. helleborine, E. albensis, E. palustris, E. purpurata and to determine carpological features that could more accurately identify species at the stage of fruiting. A high degree of variation in the shape of the seeds in different populations within the species and overlap of most quantitative carpological characteristics of studied species are noted. There were no significant differences in micromorphological features of the structure of the testa at species or population level. The reticulate surface of the testa is characteristic of all species, the cells of testa are mostly elongated, penta-hexagonal, individual cells almost isodiametric-pentagonal. From the micropillary to the chalasal end, a noticeable change in the shape and size of the seed coat cells is not observed. There are no intercellular spaces, the anticlinal walls of adjacent cells are intergrown and the boundaries between them become invisible. The outer periclinal walls have a single, mainly longitudinal thin ribbed thickenings. Anticlinal cell walls are thick, dense, smooth. The longitudinal Anticlinal walls are almost straight, transverse - straight or sometimes curved in some cells. Epicuticular deposits on the periclinal walls are absent. It is concluded that the use of macro and micromorphological characteristics of seeds of these species for clearer diagnosis at the stage of fruiting is low informative.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of cultural variability on COVID-19-related mortality: A meta-analytic approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Erman ◽  
Mike Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Population Level ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Deaths associated with COVID-19 shows a high degree of heterogeneity across different populations. An assessment of the global variability in COVID-19-attributable deaths is essential for predicting the health and economic impact of future outbreaks in different settings. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of population-level predictors is also crucial for devising better-targeted and more appropriate emergency preparedness measures. While, demographic, economic and health-system capacity have featured prominently in recent work, cultural and behavioural characteristics have largely been overlooked. However, cultural differences likely shape both the public policy response and individuals’ behavioural responses to the crisis in ways that can impact infection dynamics and key health outcomes. To address this gap, we used meta-analytic methods to explore the global variability of COVID-19-attributed deaths during the first-wave of the pandemic and identified cultural/behavioural attributes (e.g., individualism, uncertainty avoidance) as independent predictors of COVID-19 fatalities after adjusting for important demographic, political, economic and health-system-related predictors.

Evaluation of Stable Morphological Traits in Soybean Collection Samples for Determination of Standard Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Basic Color ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Generative Organs

For identification of varieties, it is desirable to use genetically predetermined traits that are decisive for the varietal identification of the distinguishing characteristics of the varieties production and new genotypes for selection. The presence a complete evaluation of the selection samples a particular crop is the basis for the formation of informative databases characteristics the varieties of standards used in plant examination to determine the level of expression a characteristic particular genotype according to the code of their manifestation. For the 20 traits we used to identify, we identified 6 least volatile, highly trait-stable traits over the years of study to identify. These are: “coloring of the pubescence of the main stem”, “the size of the lateral leaf”, “the intensity of green leaf color”, “flower color”, “the intensity of brown bean color”, “basic color of the seed coat”. The other 14 traits are highly variable and unstable among varieties, but may be significant under certain conditions. According to the results of the research we have determined the conformity of the collection varieties by code graduation. In the study, we selected varieties with corresponding codes of attributes of the reference varieties the UPOV technique. On the basic of the color the pubescence of the main stem, 36% varieties are with grey stem pubescence. Among the standards: Apache, Alaric, Talon according to the grey color of the pubescence, we identified varieties Zolotysta, Ozzie, Diona. The 2947 564/84, Stepnaya-90, Knyazhna. The lateral leaf size is a sign that affects the increase in green mass of plants and subsequently on productivity. Graduation of the sign small size of leaf had varieties: Zuma, Ksenya; middle – Heinong 37, Yuh-30; large – 2947 564/84, Vinni, DSS 2504. The following is a sign of the intensity of leaf plate, which is divided by gradation into light, moderate and dark. Among our samples with a light degree of color, we can distinguish Diona, Sribna Ruta, and Zuma. For varieties with moderate gradation of color are selected: Perlyna, 93/99, Knyazhna. To the dark color of the leaf plate we attributed the varieties: Stepnaya-90, Ozzie. Among the varieties we studied of the basics of flower color 37% varieties are with a white flower, and 63% with a purple. According to the varieties of standards: Chandor, Cresir, Toreador to the white color of the flower we attributed varieties Knyazhna, Ozzie, Zolotysta. With the purple color of the flower we have selected varieties: 93/99, Zhemchuzhna, Heinong 37. On the basis of the intensity of brown color bean, which characterizes the generative organs of the plant, is divided into weak, moderate and strong, but the other identifiers there are gradations: sandy, gray, light brown, brown and dark brown, so we decided what would be better identify by color gradation. To the sandy color of the beans we attributed varieties Perlyna, Yuh-30; gray – Sribna Ruta; light brown – Kobza, Knyazhna; brown – Ksenya; dark brown – Zhemchuzhna, Vinni. Important features that identify the description of varieties include basic color of the seed coat, which affects the taste of the seeds. In particular, the seeds are divided by color into yellow – Kobza, Yuh-30; yellow-green – Vinni, Luch Nadezhdy; green – Heorhina; light brown – 2947 564/84, brown – DSS 2504; dark brown – 2974 YS-24 and black color – not detected. Following the results of the previous collection of soybean varieties from the morphological sings of vegetative, generative organs of plants, it was possible to identify varieties with stable manifestation of standard identifying sings of soybean. Collection varieties with one standard characteristics: Heinong 37, Luch Nadezhdy, DSS 2504, 2974 YS-24; two signs: Zolotysta, Diona, Stepnaya-90, Zuma, Ksenya, Heorhina, Sribna Ruta, Perlyna, 93/99, Zhemchuzhna; three signs: Ozzie, 2947 564/84, Yuh-30, Vinni, Knyazhna.

MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF MOSO BAMBOO (Phyllostachys pubescens MAZEL) SURFACE AFTER UV RADIATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950090
Author(s):  
HAIXIA YU ◽  
XIN PAN ◽  
WEIMING YANG ◽  
WENFU ZHANG ◽  
XIAOWEI ZHUANG
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cell Walls

Bamboo material is widely used in outdoor applications. However, they are easily degraded when exposed to sunlight, their smooth surface will gradually turn to rough, and small cracks will appear and finally develop to large cracks. The paper presents a first-time investigation on the microstructure changes in the tangential section of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) radiated by artificial UV light. The results showed that the cracks mainly appeared at intercellular spaces of fibers where lignin content was high, the parenchyma cell walls and neighbor pits where the cell wall was very thin and more vulnerable than the other parts. In addition, the part of raised area and pit cavity tended to absorb more UV light radiation and showed more and larger cracks than the otherwhere. Cracks at the intercellular spaces of fibers were larger and bigger than those on the parenchyma cell walls. The cracks on the pits of the parenchyma cell walls normally appeared at one pit and then extended to the several surrounding pits. Bordered pits cavity showed more and larger cracks than the pits on the thin wall cells. The simple pits on the thick wall cells and the fiber cells were unaffected by UV radiation.

scholarly journals Identification of medicinal plant Schisandra chinensis using a potential DNA barcode ITS2

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-kuan Li ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Rong-chun Han ◽  
Yan-chao Zheng ◽  
Hai-bo Yin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Cultivated Populations

To test whether the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region is an effective marker for using in authenticating of the <em>Schisandra chinensis</em> at the species and population levels, separately. And the results showed that the wild populations had higher percentage of individuals that had substitution of C→A at site 86-bp than the cultivated populations. At sites 10-bp, 37-bp, 42-bp and 235-bp, these bases of the <em>Schisandra sphenanthera</em> samples differed from that of <em>S. chinensis</em>. Two species showed higher levels of inter-specific divergence than intra-specific divergence within ITS2 sequences. However, 24 populations did not demonstrate much difference as inter-specific and intra-specific divergences were concerned. Both <em>S. chinensis</em> and <em>S. sphenanthera</em> showed monophyly at species level, yet the samples of different populations shown polyphyly at population level. ITS2 performed well when using BLAST1 method. ITS2 obtained 100% identification success rates at the species level for <em>S. chinensis</em>, with no ambiguous identification at the genus level for ITS2 alone. The ITS2 region could be used to identify <em>S. chinensis</em> and <em>S. sphenanthera</em> in the “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”. And it could also correctly distinguish 100% of species and 100% of genera from the 193 sequences of <em>S. chinensis</em>. Hence, the ITS2 is a powerful and efficient tool for species identification of <em>S. chinensis</em>.

scholarly journals Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger prints evidencing high genetic variability among marine angiosperms of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elangovan Dilipan ◽  
Jutta Papenbrock ◽  
Thirunavakkarasu Thangaradjou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Marine Angiosperms ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Identification Tool

In India 14 seagrass species can be found with monospecific genera (Enhalus, ThalassiaandSyringodium),Cymodoceawith two species andHalophilaandHalodulerepresented by more than two taxonomically complex species. Considering this, the present study was made to understand the level and pattern of genetic variability among these species collected from Tamilnadu coast, India. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to evaluate the level of polymorphism existing between the species. Out of the 12 primers tested, 10 primers amplified 415 DNA fragments with an average of 41.5 fragments per primer. Of the total 415 amplified fragments only 123 (29.7%) were monomorphic and the remaining 292 (70.3%) were polymorphic for Indian seagrass species. Among the 10 primers used four are identified as the key primers capable of distinguishing all the Indian seagrasses with a high degree of polymorphism and bringing representative polymorphic alleles in all the tested seagrasses. From the present investigation, this study shows that the RAPD marker technique can be used not only as a tool to analyse genetic diversity but also to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties existing in the Indian seagrasses. The efficiency of these primers in bringing out the genetic polymorphism or homogeneity among different populations of theHalophilaandHalodulecomplex still has to be tested before recommending these primers as an identification tool for Indian seagrasses.

DNA—RNA hybridization

1975 ◽  
Vol 272 (915) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Specific Sequences

Interest in nucleic acid hybridization stems mainly from its great power as a tool in biological research. It is used in several quite distinct ways. Because of the high degree of specificity that they show, hybridization techniques can be used to measure the amount of one specific sequence within a very heterogeneous mixture of sequences. Measurements of 1/10 6 -10 7 have been recorded. In extension of this, various properties of a specific sequence can often be studied. Secondly, because the kinetics of nucleic acid hybridization are quite well understood, it can be used to characterize both a pure sequence and a very complex mixture of sequences, like the genome of a vertebrate. Thirdly, again because of its specificity, it can be used to measure homologies between different populations of nucleic acids. Lastly, in conjunction with other techniques, it can be used as a basis for the fractionation of nucleic acid populations and the purification of specific sequences. Specific examples of these applications are given, with special reference to the organization of the genome in higher eukaryotes.

Bayoud disease of date palm: ultrastructure of root infection through pneumatodes

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Belarbi-Halli ◽  
François Mangenot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Main Root ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bayoud Disease ◽  
Root Apices

Young axenically grown plants of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera cv. Deglet-nour, were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. albedinis (Killian et Maire) Gordon, using conidia applied either on the pneumatode-free main root or on the pneumatodes of rootlets. After incubation for 15 days, infection was successful only in the latter case. The fungus grew inside the aerenchyma and clung tightly to the cell walls, the wartlike outgrowths, and the matrix present in the intercellular spaces. These structures were more or less altered in the presence of the hyphae. The fungus proceeded both intercellularly and intracellularly through the cortex. A dense hyphal sheet was observed facing the suberized endodermis, but the fungus somehow made its way into the stele. Penetrations of thick-walled cells commonly occurred through pits. Root colonization was slower toward the root apices than toward the base. After 15 days, the fungus was present at least 8 cm above the inoculation point at the base of the root.

Morphological stabilization of the glycocalyces of 23 strains of five Bacteroides species using specific antisera

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight W. Lambe Jr. ◽  
K. J. Mayberry-Carson ◽  
Kaethe P. Ferguson ◽  
J. William Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Heterologous Antiserum ◽  
Specific Antisera

Cells of five Bacteroides species were examined following treatment with homologous antisera and staining with ruthenium red. They were enveloped by glycocalyces and these extensive fibrous exopolysaccharide matrices were fully retained as an integral "capsule" by some cells, while other cells showed "capsule" as well as detached glycocalyx components forming an intercellular "slime." These extensive glycocalyces collapsed during dehydration for electron microscopy and formed electron-dense accretions on cell surfaces and electron-dense reticula in intercellular spaces when the cells were treated with heterologous antiserum or when antibody stabilization was omitted. The glycocalyces of all strains, both stabilized and unstabilized, were observed outside the outer membranes of cell walls that showed the "classic" gram-negative structural organization. Appropriate modifications of the indirect fluorescent antibody test demonstrated an integral "capsule" on all strains examined; detached glycocalyx and varying amounts of slime were demonstrated after stabilization with homologous, but not heterologous, antiserum.

Trophic generalism at the population level in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zalewski ◽  
Dorota Dudek-Godeau ◽  
Jean-François Godeau ◽  
Krzysztof Kujawa ◽  
Paweł Sienkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Local Habitat

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests trophic generalism (feeding on resources from more than one trophic level and/or on different resources of the same trophic level) is a widespread feature among ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). However, it remains unclear whether trophic generalism applies to single individuals, at the intrapopulation or interpopulation level. Here we present stable isotope data (δ15N, δ13C) of seven common European carabid species on an archipelago of 18 lake islands in northeastern Poland. We found strong differences in isotopic ratios between individuals of the same population as well as between different populations, indicating that carabids are opportunistic feeders and that the degree of opportunism differs between habitats and between islands. Trophic niche breadth as assessed by isotopic ratios was influenced by local habitat diversity. We suggest that opportunistic usage of different local resources results in striking differences between local populations and a very broad trophic niche observed at regional level.

Evaluation of morphological and anatomical characters for discrimination and verification of some Medicago sativa (L.) Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Moawed
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Seed Coat Morphology ◽  
Morphological And Anatomical Variation

<italic>Medicago sativa</italic> L. (alfalfa) is one of the most important legume forages in the world. The objective of this study was to characterize and discriminate among 15 alfalfa cultivars with a different geographical origin. Macro-morphological and anatomical characters as well as seed coat sculpture were investigated. Twenty five morphological characters were extracted directly from the fresh specimens. Transverse section in the main stem were carried out; stained and seventeen anatomical characters were examined by light microscope. Seed coat surface was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Data obtained were coded and analysed using NTsys-Pc software (Version 2.02) and the resulted dendrogram is discussed. The results showed morphological and anatomical variation between the studied taxa. Vascular bundles ranged from 16 to 23. The Egyptian cultivar Nubaria has the lowest number of vessels (16) while the American Super supreme has the larger number (23). The seed coat ornamentation revealed five main surface patterns and suggests the presence of variations in anticlinal boundaries and periclinal walls that provide stable diagnostic characters for morphologically closely related taxa. The dendrogram showed that the Egyptian cultivar Nubaria was the most distant and clustered separately from all the other alfalfa cultivars which were grouped into two main clusters. Seed coat morphology and combination of other plant morphological and anatomical characters permitted identification and discrimination between the examined cultivars. Results obtained in this work could be considered for further breeding strategies and studies.

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