Evaluation of Stable Morphological Traits in Soybean Collection Samples for Determination of Standard Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Basic Color ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Generative Organs

For identification of varieties, it is desirable to use genetically predetermined traits that are decisive for the varietal identification of the distinguishing characteristics of the varieties production and new genotypes for selection. The presence a complete evaluation of the selection samples a particular crop is the basis for the formation of informative databases characteristics the varieties of standards used in plant examination to determine the level of expression a characteristic particular genotype according to the code of their manifestation. For the 20 traits we used to identify, we identified 6 least volatile, highly trait-stable traits over the years of study to identify. These are: “coloring of the pubescence of the main stem”, “the size of the lateral leaf”, “the intensity of green leaf color”, “flower color”, “the intensity of brown bean color”, “basic color of the seed coat”. The other 14 traits are highly variable and unstable among varieties, but may be significant under certain conditions. According to the results of the research we have determined the conformity of the collection varieties by code graduation. In the study, we selected varieties with corresponding codes of attributes of the reference varieties the UPOV technique. On the basic of the color the pubescence of the main stem, 36% varieties are with grey stem pubescence. Among the standards: Apache, Alaric, Talon according to the grey color of the pubescence, we identified varieties Zolotysta, Ozzie, Diona. The 2947 564/84, Stepnaya-90, Knyazhna. The lateral leaf size is a sign that affects the increase in green mass of plants and subsequently on productivity. Graduation of the sign small size of leaf had varieties: Zuma, Ksenya; middle – Heinong 37, Yuh-30; large – 2947 564/84, Vinni, DSS 2504. The following is a sign of the intensity of leaf plate, which is divided by gradation into light, moderate and dark. Among our samples with a light degree of color, we can distinguish Diona, Sribna Ruta, and Zuma. For varieties with moderate gradation of color are selected: Perlyna, 93/99, Knyazhna. To the dark color of the leaf plate we attributed the varieties: Stepnaya-90, Ozzie. Among the varieties we studied of the basics of flower color 37% varieties are with a white flower, and 63% with a purple. According to the varieties of standards: Chandor, Cresir, Toreador to the white color of the flower we attributed varieties Knyazhna, Ozzie, Zolotysta. With the purple color of the flower we have selected varieties: 93/99, Zhemchuzhna, Heinong 37. On the basis of the intensity of brown color bean, which characterizes the generative organs of the plant, is divided into weak, moderate and strong, but the other identifiers there are gradations: sandy, gray, light brown, brown and dark brown, so we decided what would be better identify by color gradation. To the sandy color of the beans we attributed varieties Perlyna, Yuh-30; gray – Sribna Ruta; light brown – Kobza, Knyazhna; brown – Ksenya; dark brown – Zhemchuzhna, Vinni. Important features that identify the description of varieties include basic color of the seed coat, which affects the taste of the seeds. In particular, the seeds are divided by color into yellow – Kobza, Yuh-30; yellow-green – Vinni, Luch Nadezhdy; green – Heorhina; light brown – 2947 564/84, brown – DSS 2504; dark brown – 2974 YS-24 and black color – not detected. Following the results of the previous collection of soybean varieties from the morphological sings of vegetative, generative organs of plants, it was possible to identify varieties with stable manifestation of standard identifying sings of soybean. Collection varieties with one standard characteristics: Heinong 37, Luch Nadezhdy, DSS 2504, 2974 YS-24; two signs: Zolotysta, Diona, Stepnaya-90, Zuma, Ksenya, Heorhina, Sribna Ruta, Perlyna, 93/99, Zhemchuzhna; three signs: Ozzie, 2947 564/84, Yuh-30, Vinni, Knyazhna.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLOWER COLOR AND DEGREE OF SIDE BRANCHING IN CROSSES BETWEEN FLAX GENOTYPES AND GENOTROPHS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
Hugh Tyson ◽  
Mary Ann Fieldes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flax Genotrophs ◽  
Apparent Association ◽  
Color Gene

Side branching from the base of the main stem was examined in a diallel cross between flax genotypes and genotrophs. The flax genotrophs were produced by Durrant; the side branching in the diallel was studied in relation to segregation of flower color. The six parents were two linseed genotypes (highly branched), two fiber flax genotypes (sparsely branched), and the L and S genotrophs induced within the flax genotype Stormont Cirrus by one generation of NPK or NK treatment, respectively. L resembled linseed genotypes, which have been selected for seed production and characteristically have profuse basal branching. In contrast, S resembled fiber flaxes selected for tall, unbranched stems. One of the flax genotypes (Mandarin = M) carried a recessive flower color gene (mauve); the remaining five parents were all blue flowered. Crosses segregated in the F2 for blue versus mauve. In the F2 progeny of crosses with parent M and a linseed parent, blue flowered segregants had more side branching than corresponding mauve flowered segregants. In contrast, when the other parent crossed with M was a fiber flax, blue flowered segregants had less side branching than mauves. L behaved like the linseed parents and S like the fiber flax parents in this respect. Causes of the apparent association between the flower color loci and loci involved with side branching are discussed.

Gemmae in Tetralophozia setiformis (Anastrophyllaceae, Marchantiophyta) and their second record in Eurasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
M. V. Dulin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Northern Urals ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Murmansk Region

Tetralophozia setiformis is a widespread species occurring usually without organs of sexual and asexual reproduction. Gemmae of Tetralophozia setiformis were observed for the second time in Russia and Eurasia in the Northern Urals, Komi Republic. They form compact masses over upper leaves. The compact masses consist largely (70 %) of immature gemmae. Description of gemmae and gemmiparous shoots from the Northern Urals and their comparison with those from the other known localities, namely British Columbia (Canada) and the Murmansk Region (European Russia) were carried out. The gemmiparous plants of T. setiformis from the Northern Urals have approximately the same width as plants without gemmae but they are shorter. The leaves of gemmiparous plants from the Northern Urals are similar to leaves of gemmiparous plants from British Columbia. The leaf shape in upper part of the gemmiparous shoots varies from the typical to ± modified from gemmae production. These leaf shape transitions include reduction of leaf size and lobe number from 4 to 2–3, suppression of development and disappearance of characteristic teeth at the base of sinus. Gemmae size (17 × 22 μm) of plants from the Northern Urals is within variability recorded for plants from the Murmansk Region and British Columbia.

Morphological peculiarities of seeds of some species of the genus Epipactis Zinn. (Orchidaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
T Ljubka ◽  
O Tsarenko ◽  
I Tymchenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Generative Organs

The investigation of macro- and micromorphological peculiarities of seeds of four species of genus Epipactis (Orchidaceae) of Ukrainian flora were carried out. The genus Epipactis is difficult in the in in taxonomic terms and for its representatives are characterized by polymorphism of morphological features of vegetative and generative organs of plants and ability of species to hybridize. The aim of the research was to perform a comparative morphological study of seeds of E. helleborine, E. albensis, E. palustris, E. purpurata and to determine carpological features that could more accurately identify species at the stage of fruiting. A high degree of variation in the shape of the seeds in different populations within the species and overlap of most quantitative carpological characteristics of studied species are noted. There were no significant differences in micromorphological features of the structure of the testa at species or population level. The reticulate surface of the testa is characteristic of all species, the cells of testa are mostly elongated, penta-hexagonal, individual cells almost isodiametric-pentagonal. From the micropillary to the chalasal end, a noticeable change in the shape and size of the seed coat cells is not observed. There are no intercellular spaces, the anticlinal walls of adjacent cells are intergrown and the boundaries between them become invisible. The outer periclinal walls have a single, mainly longitudinal thin ribbed thickenings. Anticlinal cell walls are thick, dense, smooth. The longitudinal Anticlinal walls are almost straight, transverse - straight or sometimes curved in some cells. Epicuticular deposits on the periclinal walls are absent. It is concluded that the use of macro and micromorphological characteristics of seeds of these species for clearer diagnosis at the stage of fruiting is low informative.

Occurrence and Development of a Dorsal Gland in the Leaves of Twelve Cultivars of Ficus benjamina L. (Weeping Fig)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 537b-537
Author(s):  
Svoboda V. Pennisi ◽  
Dennis B. McConnell ◽  
Richard W. Henley
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Dorsal Gland ◽  
Colorimetric Reaction

Ficus benjamina plants are an integral part of most modern interior landscapes. Reports from growers and interiorscape managers have drawn attention to a specific problem related to large F. benjamina plants, namely the occurrence of a dark oval spot on the abaxial surface of the leaf base. Twelve cultivars of F. benjamina were examined: Christine, Citation, Florida Spire, Kelly, Kiki, Midnight, Monique, Stacey, Wintergreen, Dwarf Nikita, Spearmint, and Starlight. Anatomically, the dorsal gland consisted of one to several layers of densely stained, columnar cells. Positive colorimetric reaction for phenolics was obtained in the glandular cells. Developmentally, the gland cells could not be distinguished from the regular epidermal cells until ≈30% of final leaf size was reached. The cells of the outermost glandular layer changed shape from rectangular with long axis parallel to the leaf surface to elongate with long axis perpendicular to the surface. In a mature leaf, the thickness of the glandular layer was between 20 and 30 μm. Externally, at this stage, no dark spot, indicative of the gland's location, could be observed. In older leaves, however, an accumulation of phenolic substances led to appearance of dorsal dark spot. All cultivars possessed glandular layer. However, this area did not darken in all cultivars; Christine, Citation, Florida Spire, Kelly, Kiki, and Stacey developed small dark spots, while Dwarf Nikita and Starlight had numerous, well-pronounced glandular regions. This study showed that the dark spots in F. benjamina cultivars were a normal morphological feature. Although the gland was present in every cultivar, only a few cultivars developed a dark color.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Flann ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Low Altitude

A study of morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Labill.) Less. across its range in south-eastern Australia was undertaken to test the hypothesis that L. squamatus includes two taxa. Phenetic pattern analyses of both field-collected and herbarium specimens on the basis of morphology confirmed two major groups. Bract, cypsela, pappus bristle and leaf characters were particularly important in separating the two groups. The taxa are separated by altitude differences with one being a low-altitude plant found in many habitats and the other being a high-altitude taxon that is a major component of alpine meadows. Lowland plants have dark bract tips, fewer and wider pappus bristles than alpine plants, papillae on the cypselas and more linear leaves. A somewhat intermediate population from the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians shows some alpine and some lowland characters but is included in the lowland taxon. Seeds from five populations (two alpine, two lowland and Major Mitchell) were germinated and plants grown for 18 weeks under four controlled sets of environmental conditions. The experiment showed that leaf size and some other characters are affected by environmental conditions, but that there are underlying genetic differences between the lowland and alpine forms. Leptorhynchos squamatus subsp. alpinus Flann is described here to accommodate the highland taxon.

Expressions

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Schenck ◽  
Peter Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Partial Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Null Value ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
The One ◽  
Expected Evaluation

Expressions are combinations of operators and operands which are evaluated to produce a value of a specific type. Infix operators require two operands with an operator written between them. A prefix operator requires one operand with an operator written before it. (The expression syntax starts on page 208.) Evaluation proceeds from left to right, governed by the precedence of the operators. The lowest numbered precedence as shown in Table 14.1 is evaluated first. Operators in the same row have the same precedence. Expressions enclosed by parentheses are evaluated before being treated as a single operand. An operand between two operators of different precedence is bound to the operator with the higher one; e.g., −10*20 means (−10)*20. An operand between two operators of the same precedence is bound to the one on the left; e.g., 10/20 * 30 means (10/20) * 30. Exercise 14.1 Work out the intermediate steps for this expression: … −2/(4+4)*5+6… When a null value is encountered in an expression where a non-null is expected, evaluation is short circuited and a null answer is produced. Otherwise, all expressions are fully evaluated even when the outcome is known after partial evaluation. Exercise 14.2 Can you think of an expression that does not require complete evaluation to get the correct answer? The operands of an operator must be compatible with the operator and with each other. Operands can be compatible without having identical types and are compatible when any of these conditions are satisfied: • The types are the same. • One type is a subtype of the other (e.g., one is a number and the other is an integer. • Both types are strings. • Both types are binaries. • Both types are arrays which have compatible base types and identical bounds. • Both types are bags which have compatible base types. • Both types are lists which have compatible base types. • Both types are sets which have compatible base types. Operations are organized by the kind of result they produce, namely: numeric, boolean or logical, string or binary, or aggregate.

scholarly journals Seed Germination of selected Taxa from Kachchh Desert, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Madhukar RAOLE ◽  
Aruna Girish JOSHI ◽  
Sandhya Kiran GARGE ◽  
Rinku Jitendrakumar DESAI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Semi Arid

The district of Kachchh contains many culturally important plants. However, their conservation status is little known due to direct and indirect human activities. This study was undertaken with the aim of contributing to the conservation of the native species of these semi-arid regions through germination trials under laboratory conditions. Mature fruits of ten selected species were collected randomly from the known habitats to obtain viable seeds. These seeds were pre-treated with growth regulators singly or in combination after acid scarification or without scarification. Seeds were found to be dormant due to presence of thick seed coat or due to low level of endogenous hormonal level. Most of these seeds required different storage period to mature. Only seeds of Capparis cartilaginea germinated without treatment while the other species required treatments. Addition of growth regulators has enhanced seed germination in few taxa singly and in some plant cases in combination.

INFLUENCE OF SHADE ON STOMATAL DENSITY, LEAF SIZE AND OTHER LEAF CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MAJOR TROPICAL ROOT CROPS, TANNIA, SWEET POTATO, YAM, CASSAVA AND TARO

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. ONWUEME ◽  
M. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Epidermis

Since shading often occurs under normal growing conditions in various cropping systems (for example, intercropping, alley cropping), field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of shading on stomatal density, leaf size, leaf dry matter, and leaf lamina thickness in the major tropical root and tuber crops, tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yam (Dioscorea esculenta), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and taro (Colocasia esculenta). Shading decreased stomatal density in the lower epidermis of tannia, sweet potato, yam and cassava, and in the upper epidermis also in tannia and sweet potato; the upper epidermis of yam and cassava were devoid of stomata. In contrast to the other species, taro under shade had an increased stomatal density in both the upper and lower epidermis, a finding which was confirmed in subsequent pot experiments. This response of taro was postulated as a possible manifestation of greater shade adaptation by the species.For all the species, shading generally resulted in the production of larger (in terms of surface area) but thinner leaves, with a decreased dry matter concentration. For the two species (yam and cassava) that had stomata only on the lower epidermis, normal sun-grown plants had about twice as many stomata per unit area of lower epidermis than did corresponding plants of the other three species. The agronomic and physiological significance of the findings are discussed.

DC Conductivity of Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Crystal along ITS Z-AXIS

1998 ◽  
Vol 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingcai Guan ◽  
Jiyang Wang ◽  
Weihong Cui ◽  
Jingqian Wei ◽  
Yaogang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Titanyl Phosphate ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Ktp Crystal ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Dc Stress

ABSTRACTThe J-U relation of the KTP crystal along its z-axis under low DC field deviates from linearity, which is different from that of the crystal along the other two principle axis. The resistance of the crystal along its z-axis increases with the time under high DC stress and the crystal becomes dark. The dark color can be removed by annealing. Electrode reactions were also observed. The phenomena are related to the easy movement of ions along the z-axis of the KTP crystal.

ANALYSIS OF MAIN STEM AND SIDE SHOOT WEIGHT FOR CYTOPLASMIC EFFECTS IN CROSSES BETWEEN FLAX GENOTROPHS AND GENOTYPES

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
H. Tyson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Flax Genotrophs ◽  
Made In

Certain genotypes of flax are susceptible to the level of inorganic nutrients supplied in the soil; heritable changes may be induced in a genotype, resulting in 'genotrophs' which behave as distinct genetic types. Two contrasting genotrophs and two other genotypes were intercrossed. For any two parents and their reciprocal F1 hybrids, crosses were made in all combinations to yield 16 different progenies from each of the four genotroph-genotype and one genotroph-genotroph combination. Cytoplasmic effects were then examined both within and across these segregating generations, in terms of the differences stemming from the use of the two reciprocal F1's as sources of either male or female gametes. Models were fitted by weighted least squares procedures to estimate genetic parameters and cytoplasmic effects. Cytoplasmic effects on both side shoot and main stem weight were transmitted through the male gametes to the progenies of each genotroph in crosses with the other two genotypes.

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