CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA IN OROFACIAL ABSCESSES OF ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN

Background: Odontogenic infections vary from minor abscesses to superficial and deep infections that lead to acute infections in the head and neck area that may threaten the patient's life. The objectives of this study are to identify bacteria accountable for orofacial infection of odontogenic origin and patterns of their susceptibility to drugs in order to provide a superior understanding of dental infection management in Yemen. Methods: The study was conducted on a selected group of patients, regardless of gender and age, who suffer from severe to moderate orofacial infections of odontogenic origin and were admitted to the dental clinic at the Republican University Hospital in Sana'a city. Sample of pus was collected and the bacteria were identified by cultivation in suitable medium and then identified by standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Result: A total of 118 cases were positive for bacterial culture, 63 males and 55 females ranged between 5 and 65 years of age, most of them in the age group> 45 years (39.8%), 51.7% had dental abscesses and 48.3% had periodental abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides species and Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from patients with dental abscesses, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogens from perio-Dental abscesses. The most prevalent bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (about 63% of the total isolates), more than 40% of which were resistant to ceftizoxime, calithromycin, augmentin, tetracyclines, erythromycin and oxacillin. While Staphylococcus epidermidis showed less antibiotic resistance than Staphylococcus aureus. As for the Bacteroids species, it was sensitive to metronidazole and clindamycin (100%), augmentin (98.6%), calrithromycin (94.4%) and finally vancomycin (76.1%). Conclusion: An elevated occurrence of bacterial isolates was discovered, and Staphylococcus aureus was dominant.Most of the isolated bacteria were resistant to diverse classes of antibiotics. Appropriate antibiotics should be administered based on the bacterial isolates, culture sensitivity, and clinical course of disease. Peer Review History: Received 6 November 2020; Revised 22 Decembe; Accepted 5 January, Available online 15 January 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Comments of reviewer(s): Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected] Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected] Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] Similar Articles: KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN

Different Bacteroides Species Colonise Human and Chicken Intestinal Tract

Bacteroidaceae are common gut microbiota members in all warm-blooded animals. However, if Bacteroidaceae are to be used as probiotics, the species selected for different hosts should reflect the natural distribution. In this study, we therefore evaluated host adaptation of bacterial species belonging to the family Bacteroidaceae. B. dorei, B. uniformis, B. xylanisolvens, B. ovatus, B. clarus, B. thetaiotaomicron and B. vulgatus represented human-adapted species while B. gallinaceum, B. caecigallinarum, B. mediterraneensis, B. caecicola, M. massiliensis, B. plebeius and B. coprocola were commonly detected in chicken but not human gut microbiota. There were 29 genes which were present in all human-adapted Bacteroides but absent from the genomes of all chicken isolates, and these included genes required for the pentose cycle and glutamate or histidine metabolism. These genes were expressed during an in vitro competitive assay, in which human-adapted Bacteroides species overgrew the chicken-adapted isolates. Not a single gene specific for the chicken-adapted species was found. Instead, chicken-adapted species exhibited signs of frequent horizontal gene transfer, of KUP, linA and sugE genes in particular. The differences in host adaptation should be considered when the new generation of probiotics for humans or chickens is designed.

Differential growth of bowel commensal Bacteroides species on plant xylans of differing structural complexity

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd Alterations to the composition of the bowel microbiota (dysbioses) are associated with particular diseases and conditions of humans. There is a need to discover new, indigestible polysaccharides which are selective growth substrates for commensal bowel bacteria. These substrates (prebiotics) could be added to food in intervention studies to correct bowel dysbiosis. A collection of commensal bacteria was screened for growth in culture using a highly-branched xylan produced by New Zealand flax. Two, Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens DSM 18836 grew well on this substrate. The utilisation of the xylan was studied chromatographically and by constituent sugar analysis. The two closely related species utilised the xylan in different ways, and differently from their use of wheat arabinoxylan. The growth of Bacteroides species on other plant xylans having differing chemical structures was also investigated. Novel xylans expand the choice of potential prebiotics that could be used to correct bowel dysbioses.

Differential growth of bowel commensal Bacteroides species on plant xylans of differing structural complexity

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd Alterations to the composition of the bowel microbiota (dysbioses) are associated with particular diseases and conditions of humans. There is a need to discover new, indigestible polysaccharides which are selective growth substrates for commensal bowel bacteria. These substrates (prebiotics) could be added to food in intervention studies to correct bowel dysbiosis. A collection of commensal bacteria was screened for growth in culture using a highly-branched xylan produced by New Zealand flax. Two, Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens DSM 18836 grew well on this substrate. The utilisation of the xylan was studied chromatographically and by constituent sugar analysis. The two closely related species utilised the xylan in different ways, and differently from their use of wheat arabinoxylan. The growth of Bacteroides species on other plant xylans having differing chemical structures was also investigated. Novel xylans expand the choice of potential prebiotics that could be used to correct bowel dysbioses.