Zeitliche Einordnung der G-Schicht-Auflagerung in den Prozess der Zellwandbildung bei Zugholzfasern in Zitterpappeln | On the chronology of g-layer formation during cell wall differentiation in tension wood fibres of poplars

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (12) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Keunecke ◽  
Sebastian Baum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Layer ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation

The tension wood of some deciduous trees is characterised by fibres that form an additional cell wall layer, the so-called «gelatinous layer» (g-layer). The chronology of g-layer formation in the process of cell wall differentiation and lignification was investigated using two-year old poplars (Populus tremula L.). For this purpose the pinning-method was applied. The results show that the g-layer formation probably takes place at an early stage of secondary wall formation.

The nature of reaction wood. IV. Variations in cell wall organization of tension wood fibres

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Wardrop ◽  
HE Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Gelatinous Layer ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Cell Wall Organization

The cell wall organization, the cell wall texture, and the degree of lignification of tension wood fibres have been investigated in a wide variety of temperate and tropical species. Following earlier work describing the cell wall structure of tension wood fibres, two additional types of cell wall organization have been observed. In one of these, the inner thick "gelatinous" layer which is typical of tension wood fibres exists in addition to the normal three-layered structure of the secondary wall; in the other only the outer layer of the secondary wall and the thick gelatinous layer are present. In all the tension wood examined the micellar orientation in the inner gelatinous layer has been shown to be nearly axial and the cellulose of this layer found to be in a highly crystalline state. A general argument is presented as to the meaning of differences in the degree, of crystallinity of cellulose. The high degree of crystallinity of cellulose in tension wood as compared with normal wood is attributed to a greater degree of lateral order in the crystalline regions of tension wood, whereas the paracrystalline phase is similar in both cases. The degree of lignification in tension wood fibres has been shown to be extremely variable. However, where the degree of tension wood development is marked as revealed by the thickness of the gelatinous layer the lack of lignification is also most marked. Severity of tension wood formation and lack of lignification have also been correlated with the incidence of irreversible collapse in tension wood. Such collapse can occur even when no whole fibres are present, e.g. in thin cross sections. Microscopic examination of collapsed samples of tension wood has led to the conclusion that the appearance of collapse in specimens containing tendon wood can often be attributed in part to excessive shrinkage associated with the development of fissures between cells, although true collapse does also occur. Possible explanations of the irreversible shrinkage and collapse of tension wood fibres are advanced.

Using Modeling to Understand the Hygromechanical and Hysteretic Behavior of the S2 Cell Wall Layer of Wood

2018 ◽  
pp. 247-269
Author(s):  
Dominique Derome ◽  
Karol Kulasinski ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Mingyang Chen ◽  
Jan Carmeliet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Cell Wall Layer

scholarly journals Conidial Hydrophobins of Aspergillus fumigatus

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1581-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Paris ◽  
Jean-Paul Debeaupuis ◽  
Reto Crameri ◽  
Marilyn Carey ◽  
Franck Charlès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Wall Layer ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

ABSTRACT The surface of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, the first structure recognized by the host immune system, is covered by rodlets. We report that this outer cell wall layer contains two hydrophobins, RodAp and RodBp, which are found as highly insoluble complexes. The RODA gene was previously characterized, and ΔrodA conidia do not display a rodlet layer (N. Thau, M. Monod, B. Crestani, C. Rolland, G. Tronchin, J. P. Latgé, and S. Paris, Infect. Immun. 62:4380-4388, 1994). The RODB gene was cloned and disrupted. RodBp was highly homologous to RodAp and different from DewAp of A. nidulans. ΔrodB conidia had a rodlet layer similar to that of the wild-type conidia. Therefore, unlike RodAp, RodBp is not required for rodlet formation. The surface of ΔrodA conidia is granular; in contrast, an amorphous layer is present at the surface of the conidia of the ΔrodA ΔrodB double mutant. These data show that RodBp plays a role in the structure of the conidial cell wall. Moreover, rodletless mutants are more sensitive to killing by alveolar macrophages, suggesting that RodAp or the rodlet structure is involved in the resistance to host cells.

Detection of an antigenic cell wall layer inHistoplasma capsulatum

1985 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes R. Edwards ◽  
Katherine E. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Layer

Synthesis of the inner cell wall layer of the chlamydomonad flagellate,Gloeomonas kupfferi

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 176 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Domozych ◽  
M. Dairman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Layer

Cell wall texture in root hairs of the genus Equisetum

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2201-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mie C. Emons
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Layer ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Texture ◽  
Helicoidal Texture

Based on cell wall texture of root hairs, two groups can be distinguished within the 10 species of Equisetum listed in Flora Europaea. This distinction coincides with the division of the genus Equisetum into two subgenera: Equisetum (horsetails) and Hippochaete (scouring rushes). All species of the subgenus Equisetum have a helicoidal cell wall texture in young growing root hairs as well as in full-grown hairs. All species of the subgenus Hippochaete deposit an additional inner cell wall layer against this helicoidal layer when elongation has stopped. The microfibrils in this additional layer do not form a helicoidal texture, but are helically arranged, forming a Z-helix. The presence of a helical layer in full-grown hairs is not a prerequisite for growth in soil, but an exclusively helicoidal root hair wall texture might be favourable for life in water. The wall texture is not influenced by the consistency of the substratum.

Ultrastructure of basidiospore germination in Fomes fomentarius

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (22) ◽  
pp. 2865-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiko Tsuneda ◽  
Lorene L. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
Thin Electron ◽  
Germ Tubes

Germination of basidiospores in Fomes fomentarius (Fries) Kickx is bipolar with germ tubes emerging at both ends. Ungerminated spores are smooth with a thick cell wall consisting of two layers: an outer thin, electron-dense layer and an inner thick, electron-light layer. During the early stage of germination, two additional cell wall layers are formed: a very thin, electron-dense layer and a relatively thick, electron-light layer. Germ tube walls originate from these newly formed, inner layers. Ungerminated spores are uninucleate and contain numerous lipid bodies, ribosomes, and cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Germinated spores have distinct mitochondria and an invaginated plasma membrane and are usually devoid of endoplasmic reticulum.

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