scholarly journals Anxiety disorders: a review of current literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-88 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
First Line ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
High Comorbidity

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. There is a high comorbidity between anxiety (especially generalized anxiety disorders or panic disorders) and depressive disorders or between anxiety disorders, which renders treatment more complex. Current guidelines do not recommend benzodiazepines as first-line treatments due to their potential side effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments. Psychotherapy, in association with pharmacotherapy, is associated with better efficacy. Finally, a bio-psycho-social model is hypothesized in anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals POST-STROKE DEPRESION AND ANXIETY

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Komsiyska ◽  
Y. Petkov
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Comorbidity

The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical features of depression and the relationship between depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Material and methods: 93 patients with stroke were examined, of whom 59 men (39-83 years) and 34 women (56-87 years), mean age 66.8 years. We used Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and GAD-7. Results: Depressive disorder in the acute phase after stroke was found in approximately 2/3 (64.5%) of patients with stroke, with mild to moderate depressive disorders with low mood, increased mental and somatic anxiety, insomnia , somatic complaints, with extravagant hypochondriac thoughts. In our study we found significant positive correlation between depressive disorders and generalized anxiety disorders – and increase of severity of depressive disorders was followed by increase of severity of generalized anxiety disorders. We found high comorbidity between depression and generalized anxiety disorder.

scholarly journals Guidelines for choice of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in depressive illness

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Anderson ◽  
J. Guy Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Line Treatment

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most extensively studied of the newer antidepressants and are increasingly being used as first-line treatment for depression (Anderson et al, 2000). In this article we concentrate on issues that need to be taken into account when selecting one of the five SSRIs marketed in the UK (citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline) for individual patients. We have concentrated on treatment of depression and have not reviewed their use in anxiety disorders because comparative data are lacking.

scholarly journals Distinct neurostructural signatures of anxiety-, fear-related and depressive disorders: a comparative voxel-based meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiqin Liu ◽  
Benjamin Klugah-Brown ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Benjamin Becker
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Left Insula

Internalizing disorders encompass anxiety, fear and depressive disorders. While the DSM-5 nosology conceptualizes anxiety and fear-related disorders as an entity, dimensional psychopathology models suggest that generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) and major depression originate from an overarching "anxious-misery" factor whereas fear-related disorders originate from the "fear" factor. Given that a neurobiological evaluation is lacking, we conducted a comparative neuroimaging meta-analysis of gray matter volume alterations to determine common and disorder-specific brain structural signatures in these disorders. The PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases were searched for case-control voxel-based morphometric studies through December, 2020 in GAD, fear-related anxiety disorders (FAD, i.e., social anxiety disorders, SAD; specific phobias, SP; panic disorders, PD; and agoraphobia, AG) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Neurostructural abnormalities were assessed within each disorder group followed by quantitative comparison and conjunction analyses using Seed-based d-Mapping (SDM-PSI). GAD (9 studies, 226 patients) showed disorder-specific decreased volumes in left insula (z=-2.98, pFWE-corrected <0.05) and lateral/medial prefrontal cortex (z=-2.10, pFWE-corrected<0.05,) as well as increased right putamen volume (z=1.86, pFWE-corrected<0.05) relative to FAD (10 SAD, 11 PD, 2 SP studies, 918 patients). Both GAD and MDD (46 studies, 2,575 patients) exhibited decreased prefrontal volumes compared to controls and FAD. While FAD showed less robust alterations in lingual gyrus (p < 0.0025, uncorrected), this group presented intact frontal integrity. No shared structural abnormalities were found. Unique clinical features characterizing anxiety-, fear-related and depressive disorders are reflected by disorder-specific neuroanatomical abnormalities. Targeting the disorder-specific neurostructural signatures could improve therapeutic efficacy.

New Trends in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (S7) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Brawman-Mintzer ◽  
Kimberly A. Yonkers
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Atypical Neuroleptics ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments ◽  
General Success

AbstractAnxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the general population, found nearly twice as often in women, and estimated to affect 26.9 million individuals in the United States alone. Anxiety disorders are associated with considerable chronicity, morbidity, and disability. Treatment of anxiety disorders includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches. The first-line pharmacologic treatments currently include the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, despite the general success of the available treatments, no single anxiolytic appears to be effective for all patients suffering from anxiety. Low recovery rates have been reported in all anxiety disorders, underscoring the need for optimizing treatment for these disabling disorders. In recent years, there is increasing interest in the use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of anxiety disorders patients. This article discusses the emerging data on the use of these agents in the treatment of anxiety with a focus on treatment-refractory patients and on the implications for the treatment of women suffering from anxiety disorders.

Understanding the Neurobiology of Comorbidity in Anxiety Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (S12) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Nutt ◽  
Dan J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractAnxiety and depression are common disorders that frequently co-exist. Both disorders show good response to antidepressants, especially the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Some suggest that these disorders are variants of the same underlying brain pathology. This review examines the similarities and differences between anxiety and depression in terms of the known neurobiological etiologic mechanisms as well as their biological underpinnings and response to treatment. Sufficient and significant differences between these disorders support the view that they are independent entities. Shared abnormalities in the 5HT1A receptor function, for example, may help explain some of the comorbidity.

Results of the Zurich Cohort Study: course of anxiety and depression

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vollrath ◽  
J. Angst
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Recurrent Brief Depression ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Depression

SummaryIn a longitudinal cohort study of young adults from the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland, the course of anxiety and depressive disorders was examined in 3 interviews over a period of 7 years. The 1-year prevalence rates of panic disorders (including a milder form), generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, and recurrent brief depression were similar from age 21–28 yr. Females prevailed among all diagnoses, their preponderance being strongest for mild panic and major depression. No differential course could be found for the 3 initial diagnostic groups in 1979: the pure anxiety disorders, the pure depression, and the mixed anxiety – depression. Their courses were very similar: 41–52'% recovered, 24–41% developed pure depression, 14–15% manifested a mixed anxious – depressive syndrome, and 5–10% manifested pure anxiety. Compared to controls, all 3 groups showed a tendency to develop into mixed cases and to manifest more recurrences. When the diagnostic information of all 3 interviews was cumulated into longitudinal diagnostic groups, however, differences emerged with respect to severity and chronicity of the disorders. Cases of mixed anxiety-depression were treated more often than cases of pure anxiety or pure depression. Furthermore, in a longitudinal perspective, the mixed cases received a diagnosis more frequently than the cases of pure anxiety disorders or pure depressive disorders, and thus were found to be more recurrent or chronic. With respect to course prediction, a single diagnosis does not differentiate sufficiently and more longitudinal diagnostic information should be taken into account to enhance the certainty of prediction of course and outcome.

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