Results of the Zurich Cohort Study: course of anxiety and depression

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vollrath ◽  
J. Angst
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Recurrent Brief Depression ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Depression

SummaryIn a longitudinal cohort study of young adults from the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland, the course of anxiety and depressive disorders was examined in 3 interviews over a period of 7 years. The 1-year prevalence rates of panic disorders (including a milder form), generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, and recurrent brief depression were similar from age 21–28 yr. Females prevailed among all diagnoses, their preponderance being strongest for mild panic and major depression. No differential course could be found for the 3 initial diagnostic groups in 1979: the pure anxiety disorders, the pure depression, and the mixed anxiety – depression. Their courses were very similar: 41–52'% recovered, 24–41% developed pure depression, 14–15% manifested a mixed anxious – depressive syndrome, and 5–10% manifested pure anxiety. Compared to controls, all 3 groups showed a tendency to develop into mixed cases and to manifest more recurrences. When the diagnostic information of all 3 interviews was cumulated into longitudinal diagnostic groups, however, differences emerged with respect to severity and chronicity of the disorders. Cases of mixed anxiety-depression were treated more often than cases of pure anxiety or pure depression. Furthermore, in a longitudinal perspective, the mixed cases received a diagnosis more frequently than the cases of pure anxiety disorders or pure depressive disorders, and thus were found to be more recurrent or chronic. With respect to course prediction, a single diagnosis does not differentiate sufficiently and more longitudinal diagnostic information should be taken into account to enhance the certainty of prediction of course and outcome.

Comparison of PROMIS Anxiety and Depression, PHQ-8, and GAD-7 to screen for anxiety and depression among patients presenting for spine surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-531
Author(s):  
Taylor E. Purvis ◽  
Brian J. Neuman ◽  
Lee H. Riley ◽  
Richard L. Skolasky
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Patient Reported

OBJECTIVEIn this paper, the authors demonstrate to spine surgeons the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression among patients presenting for surgery and explore the relationships between different legacy and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) screening measures.METHODSA total of 512 adult spine surgery patients at a single institution completed the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7), 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) depression scale, and PROMIS Anxiety and Depression computer-adaptive tests (CATs) preoperatively. Correlation coefficients were calculated between PROMIS scores and GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores. Published reference tables were used to determine the presence of anxiety or depression using GAD-7 and PHQ-8. Sensitivity and specificity of published guidance on the PROMIS Anxiety and Depression CATs were compared. Guidance from 3 sources was compared: published GAD-7 and PHQ-8 crosswalk tables, American Psychiatric Association scales, and expert clinical consensus. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine data-driven cut-points for PROMIS Anxiety and Depression. Significance was accepted as p < 0.05.RESULTSIn 512 spine surgery patients, anxiety and depression were prevalent preoperatively (5% with any anxiety, 24% with generalized anxiety screen-positive; and 54% with any depression, 24% with probable major depression). Correlations were moderately strong between PROMIS Anxiety and GAD-7 scores (r = 0.72; p < 0.001) and between PROMIS Depression and PHQ-8 scores (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The observed correlation of the PROMIS Depression score was greater with the PHQ-8 cognitive/affective score (r = 0.766) than with the somatic score (r = 0.601) (p < 0.001). PROMIS Anxiety and Depression CATs were able to detect the presence of generalized anxiety screen-positive (sensitivity, 86.0%; specificity, 81.6%) and of probable major depression (sensitivity, 82.3%; specificity, 81.4%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated data-driven cut-points for these groups.CONCLUSIONSPROMIS Anxiety and Depression CATs are reliable tools for identifying generalized anxiety screen-positive spine surgery patients and those with probable major depression.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Depression among Polish High-School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Beata Dziedzic ◽  
Paulina Sarwa ◽  
Ewa Kobos ◽  
Zofia Sienkiewicz ◽  
Anna Idzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction: Having impaired relations and limited interpersonal contact is associated with a sense of loneliness, and can result in a number of mental disorders, including the development of depression. Approximately one in five adolescents in the world suffers from depression, and first episodes of such are occurring at increasingly young ages. Due to a lack of appropriate support from parents, teachers and the healthcare system, the young person feels alone when dealing with their problem. Aims: The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, aggression and sense of loneliness among high school students, and to analyze a correlation between loneliness and depression. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 300 high school students in Poland. The study material was collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-M) and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS). Results: A feeling of loneliness correlated significantly with depressive disorders (p < 0.005), with the strongest effect between the total HADS-M score and the total loneliness scale score (r = 0.61). The overall presence of disorders as per HADS-M was found to be 23%, and borderline conditions were found in 19.3%. In 24% of the students, disorders were revealed on the anxiety subscale and in 46.3% on the aggression subscale. On DJGLS, a very severe sense of loneliness was observed in 6.67% of the subjects, and in 42.3% of them, a moderate feeling of loneliness was indicated. On the social loneliness subscale, a severe sense of loneliness was found in 22.7%, while on the emotional loneliness subscale, it was found in 16.7% of the subjects. Conclusions: In this study, a quarter of the student participants experienced anxiety and depression disorders. Students showing higher levels of anxiety, depression, and aggression also showed enhanced loneliness. Girls showed higher levels of anxiety, depression and aggression, as well as emotional loneliness.

scholarly journals AB0177 ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE SPECTRUM IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND ANKYLOSING SPONDILITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1114.2-1114
Author(s):  
M. Letaeva ◽  
M. Koroleva ◽  
J. Averkieva ◽  
O. Malyshenko ◽  
T. Raskina
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objectives:to assess the frequency of occurrence of the anxiety-depressive spectrum in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.Methods:A survey was conducted of 44 patients aged from 21 to 57 years (average age - 42.3 ± 6.7 years), who were treated at GAUZ KO OKGVV. All patients had a verified diagnosis of RA and AS according to the ACR criteria and received treatment with basic drugs. The control group consisted of 40 people comparable in age and sex, without concomitant pathology of RA and AS.The depression screening card, the subjective well-being scale, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were used to assess and detect anxiety-depressive syndrome. The assessment of the condition is carried out over the last 2 weeks, which corresponds to the temporary diagnostic criterion for depression.The Depression Screening Scale is a 35-item self-questionnaire that assesses 7 categories of signs: sleep and appetite disorders, anxiety, emotional instability, cognitive impairment, loss of self, guilt, and suicidal tendencies. A total score of 65 and above indicates a high likelihood of depression.The Subjective Well-Being Scale is a psychodiagnostic screening tool for measuring the emotional component of subjective well-being or emotional comfort.Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Zigmond A.S., Snaith R.P. was developed for the primary detection of depression and anxiety in a general medical practice. The HADS scale consists of 14 statements with 4 possible answers and includes two parts: anxiety and depression. The sum of points of 8 or more is regarded as “subclinically expressed anxiety / depression”, 11 or more points - “clinically expressed anxiety / depression”.Results:According to the results of the depression screening questionnaire, 34 (77.3%) patients with RA and AS showed signs of depression, while in the control group only 6 (15%) patients tested positive for the presence of depressive disorders. According to the data obtained when assessing the scale of well-being in the main group, 26 (59.1%) patients showed signs of emotional discomfort (the indicator was 80% or more), in the control group - in 6 (15%). Using the hospital scale of anxiety and depression HADS, anxiety-depressive syndrome was detected in 36 (81.8%) patients with RA and AS: 16 (44.4%) patients had anxiety, 20 (55.6%) - depression, of them, subclinically expressed anxiety and depression were observed in 10 (27.7%) and 12 (33.3%) people, respectively. Anxiety-depressive syndrome in the control group, according to the HADS questionnaire, was detected only in 8 (20%) patients, of whom 4 (10%) patients had subclinical anxiety and 4 (10%) had signs of depression. No clinically pronounced anxiety and depression were registered in the control group.Conclusion:In most patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, anxiety-depressive disorders have been identified, which can directly affect both the course of the disease itself and the development of various complications. Timely diagnosis of mental disorders and close cooperation of rheumatologists, psychiatrists and psychologists in the selection of adequate therapy can improve the course and prognosis of the disease.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Anxiety and Depression in Youth With Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J Scott ◽  
Louise Sharpe ◽  
Max Loomes ◽  
Milena Gandy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an estimate of the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth with epilepsy (YWE). It also aimed to calculate the overall magnitude of observed differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms reported by YWE compared with healthy controls and investigate whether any factors moderated anxiety and depression outcomes in YWE. Methods Following prospective registration, electronic databases were searched up until October 2018. Studies were included if they reported on the rate of anxiety or depression in samples of YWE, and/or if they used valid measures of anxious or depressive symptomatology in YWE compared with a healthy control sample. Results Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of anxiety disorders in YWE was 18.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0%–28.5%), and for depression the pooled prevalence was 13.5% (95% CI 8.8%–20.2%). In samples of YWE compared with healthy controls, significantly higher anxiety (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.32–0.83, p &lt; .000) and depressive (d = 0.42, 95% CI 0.16–0.68, p &lt; .000) symptomatology was reported. Conclusions YWE report anxiety and depressive disorders and symptoms to a significantly higher degree than youth without epilepsy. There is also evidence that certain anxiety disorders (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder) are particularly elevated, perhaps reflecting the unique impact of epilepsy on youth psychopathology. Research is needed to understand the risk factors associated with anxiety and depressive disorders in epilepsy, and better understand how these symptoms change across development.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of substance misuse with anxiety-related and depressive disorders: a genetically informative population study of 3 million individuals in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1706-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Virtanen ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Nitya Jayaram-Lindström ◽  
Brian M. D'Onofrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractBackgroundCauses of the comorbidity of substance misuse with anxiety-related and depressive disorders (anxiety/depression) remain poorly known. We estimated associations of substance misuse and anxiety/depression in the general population and tested them while accounting for genetic and shared environmental factors.MethodsWe studied individuals born in Sweden 1968–1997 (n = 2 996 398) with follow-up in nationwide register data for 1997–2013. To account for familial effects, stratified analyses were conducted within siblings and twin pairs. Substance misuse was defined as ICD-10 alcohol or drug use disorder or an alcohol/drug-related criminal conviction. Three dimensions of ICD-10 anxiety and depressive disorders and a substance misuse dimension were identified through exploratory factor analysis.ResultsSubstance misuse was associated with a 4.5-fold (95% CI 4.50–4.58) elevated risk of lifetime generalized anxiety/depression, 4.7-fold (95% CI 4.63–4.82) elevated risk of panic disorder and agora/social phobia, and 2.9-fold elevated risk of phobias/OCD (95% CI 2.82–3.02) as compared to those without substance misuse. The associations were attenuated in within-family analyses but we found elevated risks in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for substance misuse as well as significant non-shared environmental correlations. The association between anxiety/depression and substance misuse was mainly driven by generalized anxiety/depression, whereas other anxiety/depression dimensions had minor or no independent associations with substance misuse.ConclusionsSubstance misuse and anxiety/depression are associated at the population level, and these associations are partially explained by familial liabilities. Our findings indicate a common genetic etiology but are also compatible with a potential partially causal relationship between substance misuse and anxiety/depression.

scholarly journals Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Orla McBride ◽  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Temporary Closure

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland precipitated the temporary closure of all non-essential services and a nationwide quarantine as of March 27th, 2020. This study represents the first assessment of the mental health of the nation during the initial phase of the COVID-19 response, as part of a multi-wave investigation into the social, behavioural, and psychological impact of the pandemic.Aims: First, estimate prevalence rates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and combined anxiety and depression, and identify risk factors associated with screening positive for anxiety/depression. Second, determine if COVID-19-related anxiety was highest amongst those identified with the greatest mortality risk from the virus. Method: Self-report data from a nationally representative Irish sample (N = 1,041) was collected online between March 31 and April 5; the first week of the Republic of Ireland’s nationwide quarantine measures. Results: A substantial proportion of people screened positive for depression (22.77%), generalized anxiety (20.00%), and anxiety/depression (27.67%). Screening positive for anxiety/depression was associated with younger age, female sex, loss of income due to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection, and higher perceived risk of COVID-19 infection. Citizens aged 65 and older reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety than adults aged 18-34. Sex, underlying health conditions, and proximity to COVID-19 deaths were not associated with COVID-19 anxiety.Conclusions: Government responses to the current pandemic should ensure that measures protect not only the population’s physical health, but its mental health also, as an equally important component of health and wellbeing.

Mood and Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baer ◽  
A. Fang ◽  
N. C. Berman ◽  
W. E. Minichiello
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Illness Anxiety ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Primary OCD, like primary anxiety disorders, has high rates of both current and lifetime comorbidity, with a range of mood and anxiety disorders typically greater than 50% and 75%, respectively. This chapter begins with a review of several recent large-scale studies of OCD sufferers on three continents, indicating high levels of mood and anxiety comorbidity. Possible explanations for this high degree of comorbidity are reviewed, including flaws in the current diagnostic system and personality, neurobiological, and cognitive problems that may underlie both OCD and comorbid disorders; this may also account for their considerable phenomenological overlap. It reviews the lack of strong evidence for a negative impact of mood or anxiety comorbidity on OCD treatment outcome, and provides guidance for clinicians in: (1) differential diagnosis between OCD and related conditions including social anxiety, generalized anxiety, illness anxiety, and depression, and (2) suggestions to tailor exposure-based treatment for OCD sufferers with these comorbidities.

Prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders in an adult African rural community in South Africa

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BHAGWANJEE ◽  
A. PAREKH ◽  
Z. PARUK ◽  
I. PETERSEN ◽  
H. SUBEDAR
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

Background. This paper reports on a two-stage community-based epidemiological study of selected minor psychiatric disorders conducted on an adult African population in South Africa.Methods. Using a modified random cluster sampling method, 354 adults were identified as the first-stage sample, with the SRQ-20 being used as a first-stage screen. Clinical interviews based on DSM-IV checklists for generalized anxiety disorder, major depression and dysthymia were administered as the second-stage criterion to 81 subjects from the sample.Results. The weighted prevalence for generalised anxiety and depressive disorders was 23·9% (95% CI 15·1%–32·7%), comprising: generalized anxiety 3·7%, major depression 4·8%, dysthymia 7·3%, and major depression and dysthymia 8·2%. Statistically significant associations were found between caseness and age, marital status, employment, income and educational level.Conclusions. The results are discussed in relation to comparative local and international data as well as in the context of the current restructuring of the mental-health care system in South Africa from tertiary curative care to integrated primary mental-health care.

Disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum in patients with rheumatic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A. Fleyshman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Anxiety and depressive disorders play an important role not only as independent diseases, but also as conditions that occur against the background of other somatic diseases. In the practice of a rheumatologist, patients with anxiety and depression are a frequent occurrence. In patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, anxiety and depressive disorders are 7-15 times more common than in the general population. The main cause of depression in rheumatology is the presence of severe and chronic pain. Studies show that in patients with rheumatic diseases, as a rule, the following disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum of RTDS are detected: depressive episodes of various severity with concomitant anxiety, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder. Taking into account the peculiarities of diseases, the supervision of patients with anxiety and depressive disorders should be carried out by several specialists, namely a rheumatologist, a psychiatrist, a clinical psychologist. Therapy of anxiety and depressive disorders, in addition to drugs aimed at the main rheumatic disease, must also include drugs with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties (neuroleptics, antidepressants).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document