scholarly journals Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand: Observations on its Crater Lake and Glaciers

1955 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Odell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Eruptive Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Mount Ruapehu ◽  
Past Summer

AbstractMt. Ruapehu, the highest summit in the North Island of New Zealand, is a semi-dormant volcano, whose crater lake was responsible for the flood that caused the disastrous railway accident on Christmas Eve, 1953. Since the last eruption of 1945, when mostly ash was ejected, the crater lake that subsequently formed has been contained by a barrier partly composed of lava and partly of névé and ash. It was the breaking through of the latter weaker portion of the dam that was responsible for the flood of mud and boulders which descended via the Whangaehu Glacier and struck the railway 25 miles (40 km.) distant. There is no evidence of eruptive activity having been the cause of the outbreak. During three ascents of the mountain, observations were made of the glaciers, which have been in a state of gradual shrinkage over a number of years. But during the past Summer—a season of exceptional dryness—the process of ablation and wastage has been greatly accelerated, so that immense areas of rock and ash have freshly emerged, and crevasses and dirt-ridges have taken the place of smooth névé or glacier surfaces.

Resistivity monitoring of the tephra barrier at Crater Lake, Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Turner ◽  
M. Ingham ◽  
H. Bibby ◽  
H. Keys
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Mount Ruapehu

Invasion of the New Zealand Coastline by European Sea-Rocket (Cakile maritima) and American Sea-Rocket (Cakile edentula)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Cousens ◽  
Jane M. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
North And South

AbstractOn the west coast of North America and in Australia, there have been parallel cases of sequential invasion and replacement of the shoreline plant American sea-rocket by European sea-rocket. A similar pattern has also occurred in New Zealand. For 30 to 40 yr, from its first recording in 1921, American sea-rocket spread throughout the eastern coastlines of the North and South Islands of New Zealand. European sea-rocket has so far been collected only on the North Island. From its first collection in 1937, European sea-rocket spread to the northern extremity of the island by 1973, and by 2010, it had reached the southernmost limit. In the region where both species have occurred in the past, American sea-rocket is now rarely found. This appears to be another example of congeneric species displacement.

scholarly journals Contributions to the Geology of Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bernard Emmett O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Chemistry Department ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Park Area

<p>During the passage of the lahar, shortly after 10 o'clock on Christmas Eve 1953, a portion of the Whangaehu River rail bridge at Tangiwai was demolished by a raging torrent of mud and boulders which originated from the Crater Lake of Mt. Ruapehu, nearly twenty miles distant. This mudflow, or lahar, damaged the railway bridge piers and the Wellington-Auckland express plunged into the torrent. As a result, one hundred and fifty-one people lost their lives. During tramping and ski-ing trips over the past five years the writer has become well acquainted with the National Park area. Close inspection of the Crater Lake was made on 1 January 1954, and again on 22 January. On the latter date the writer was accompanied by two chemists from the Chemistry Department, Victoria University College, and one from the Dominion Laboratory of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, who collected samples of the lake water. On 24 January, the Whangaehu River was followed from the Desert Road to where it emerges from a deep gorge on the lower slopes of Mt. Ruapehu. A number of braided channels were examined on the alluvial fan that extends east from the outlet gorge almost to the Desert Road. On the same day the scene of the disaster at Tangiwai was also inspected</p>

scholarly journals REMARKS ON LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED AT FOX BAY, ANTICOSTI, AND THE NORTH SHORE OF THE ST. LAWRENCE, BETWEEN JUNE 18th AND AUGUST, 1st

1872 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
William Couper
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Past Summer

When I decided on an Entomological tour during the past summer to the Island of Anticosti and the coast of Labrador, I fully expected to bring home sufficient material, not only to satisfy the few subscribers to the enterprise, but (after supplying them) enough to remunerate myself for the risk of the voyage and loss of time. Your readers are already acquainted with my misfortune ; still, I hope that the lost species will be replaced, as it is my intention to go over the ground again (if God spares me) next summer. Entomologically speaking, the region is totally new.

scholarly journals Report on the Probable Ages of Young Fish collected by Mr. Holt in the North Sea

1892 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-362
Author(s):  
J. T. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Past Summer

During the past summer Mr. Holt has sent me from time to time young specimens of fish which he has collected, in order that I might report upon the evidence which they afforded as to the rate of growth of the various species in the North Sea. He has also supplied me with a complete list containing the names and the measurements of all the specimens he has collected, including many others besides those sent to me. I have simply studied the specimens and the list, and endeavoured to estimate the probable ages of the specimens. The necessary information as to the limits and duration of the spawning period in the case of each species has also been supplied to me by Mr. Holt. I have registered below the obseryed specimens of each species separately in the chronological order, of their capture. All have been collected in the course of the current year.

Fragmentation of steaming Surtseyan bombs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark McGuinness ◽  
Emma Greenbank
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Asymptotic Solutions ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Ejection Process ◽  
Mount Ruapehu ◽  
Fluid Properties

&lt;p&gt;A Surtseyan volcanic eruption involves a bulk interaction between water and hot magma, mediated by the return of ejected ash. Surtsey Island, off the coast of Iceland, was born during such an eruption process in the 1940s. Mount Ruapehu in New Zealand also undergoes Surtseyan eruptions, due to its crater lake.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One feature of such eruptions is ejected lava bombs, trailing steam, with evidence that watery slurry was trapped inside them during the ejection process. Simple calculations indicate that the pressures developed due to boiling inside such a bomb should shatter it. Yet intact bombs are routinely discovered in debris piles. In an attempt to crack this problem, and provide a criterion for fragmentation of Surtseyan bombs, a transient mathematical model of the flashing of water to steam inside one of these hot erupted lava balls is developed, with a particular focus on the maximum pressure attained, and how it depends on magma and fluid properties. Numerical and asymptotic solutions provide some answers for volcanologists.&lt;/p&gt;

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