scholarly journals Albedo of Melting Sea Ice in the Southern Beaufort Sea

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Langleben
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Melting Period ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Made In

AbstractTwo Kipp hemispherical radiometers mounted back to back and suspended by an 18 m cable from a helicopter flying at an altitude of about 90 m were used to make measurements of incident and reflected short-wave radiation. The helicopter was brought to a hovering position at the instant of measurement to ensure that the radiometers were in the proper attitude and a photograph of the ice cover was taken at the same time. The observations were made in 1969 during 16 flights out of Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories (lat. 69° 26’N., long. 133° 02’W.) over the fast ice extending 80 km north of Tuktoyaktuk. Values of albedo of the ice cover were found to decrease during the melting period according to the equation A = 0.59 —0.32P where P is the degree of puddling of the surface.

scholarly journals Albedo of Melting Sea Ice in the Southern Beaufort Sea

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Langleben
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Melting Period ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Made In

Two Kipp hemispherical radiometers mounted back to back and suspended by an 18 m cable from a helicopter flying at an altitude of about 90 m were used to make measurements of incident and reflected short-wave radiation. The helicopter was brought to a hovering position at the instant of measurement to ensure that the radiometers were in the proper attitude and a photograph of the ice cover was taken at the same time. The observations were made in 1969 during 16 flights out of Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories (lat. 69° 26’N., long. 133° 02’W.) over the fast ice extending 80 km north of Tuktoyaktuk. Values of albedo of the ice cover were found to decrease during the melting period according to the equationA= 0.59 —0.32PwherePis the degree of puddling of the surface.

Study of the sea ice impact on primary production in the Barents and Kara Seas in past and future climates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav D. Martyanov ◽  
Anton Y. Dvornikov ◽  
Vladimir A. Ryabchenko ◽  
Dmitry V. Sein
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas

<p>A regional coupled eco-hydrodynamic model of the Barents and Kara Seas based on the MITgcm has been developed. The biogeochemical module is based on a 7-component model of pelagic biogeochemistry including the ocean carbon cycle. This regional model allows revealing and explaining the main mechanisms of the interaction between marine dynamic and biogeochemical processes in the Barents and Kara Seas under a changing climate. We present the main results of simulations for the past (1975-2005) and future (2035-2065) climate.</p><p>A clear relationship between the marginal ice zone area and primary production has been obtained, proving the importance of this zone in the functioning of the marine ecosystem. The interannual variability of the integrated primary production and the total sea ice area demonstrates an antiphase behavior, which means that the reduced sea ice cover area in the previous winter is one of the main reasons for the increase in primary production in the current year.</p><p>The model simulations demonstrate that, of all the external factors, sea ice area plays a primary role in the formation of primary production: in the overwhelming majority of cases, the contribution of the ice area prevails, and the pattern "more ice - less primary production" and vice versa is fulfilled in the Barents and Kara Seas. The effect of a decrease of incoming short-wave radiation becomes significant only when a significant decrease of the ice area occurs.</p><p>Compared to the period 1975-2005, the simulated total primary production in the Barents and Kara Seas is much higher for the period 2035-2065, while the sea ice area significantly decreases.</p><p>A regression dependence has been obtained for the total annual primary production as a function of sea ice area and incoming short-wave radiation. Its validity is verified for both past (dependent) and future (independent) climatic periods. It justifies the use of such simple statistical model for quick estimates of the primary production in the Barents and Kara Seas.</p><p>Acknowledgements: The research was performed in the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (theme No. 0128-2021-0014). This work used resources of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by its Scientific Steering Committee (WLA) under project ID ba1206.</p>

Deterioration of Floating Ice Covers

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
Unsteady Heat Conduction ◽  
Original Strength

The deterioration of floating ice covers is analyzed to determine under what conditions the ice cover loses strength due to internal melting. The analysis considers the interaction between sensible heat transfer and long wave radiation loss at the surface, the surface albedo, the short wave radiation penetration and absorption and the unsteady heat conduction within the ice. The thermal analysis then leads to a determination of the porosity of the ice that allows strength analysis to be made using beam-type analyses. The results provide criteria to determine when and how rapidly the ice cover loses strength and under what conditions it will regain the original strength associated with an ice cover of full integrity.

scholarly journals Albedo and Degree of Puddling of a Melting Cover of Sea Ice

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (54) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Langleben
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Screen Height ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractContinuous measurements of incident and reflected short-wave radiation have been obtained from 12 May to 17 June 1968 on the ice cover at Tanquary Fiord, Ellesmere Island (lat. 81° 25′ N., long. 76° 50′ W.). The observations were made with radiometers suspended between two towers at a height of 50 ft (15 m) to sample an area large enough to be representative of the surface of the ice cover. From the start of surface melting, time-lapse photographs were taken at intervals of 3 h with a camera mounted on one of the towers at a height of 20 ft (6 m) and slanted below the horizontal.Values are presented, for the observation period, of incident short-wave radiation, albedo, air temperature at screen height and percentage of surface covered with melt pools. It is shown that the albedo decreases linearly with increasing area of water puddles.

scholarly journals Albedo and Degree of Puddling of a Melting Cover of Sea Ice

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (54) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Langleben
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Screen Height ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractContinuous measurements of incident and reflected short-wave radiation have been obtained from 12 May to 17 June 1968 on the ice cover at Tanquary Fiord, Ellesmere Island (lat. 81° 25′ N., long. 76° 50′ W.). The observations were made with radiometers suspended between two towers at a height of 50 ft (15 m) to sample an area large enough to be representative of the surface of the ice cover. From the start of surface melting, time-lapse photographs were taken at intervals of 3 h with a camera mounted on one of the towers at a height of 20 ft (6 m) and slanted below the horizontal.Values are presented, for the observation period, of incident short-wave radiation, albedo, air temperature at screen height and percentage of surface covered with melt pools. It is shown that the albedo decreases linearly with increasing area of water puddles.

Short‐wave radiation and sea ice in Baffin Bay

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Dunlap ◽  
Brendan M. DeTracey ◽  
Charles C. L. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Baffin Bay

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Façade Greening on Human Bioclimate in a Complex Urban Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Jänicke ◽  
Fred Meier ◽  
Marie-Therese Hoelscher ◽  
Dieter Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Bioclimate ◽  
Radiant Temperature

The evaluation of the effectiveness of countermeasures for a reduction of urban heat stress, such as façade greening, is challenging due to lacking transferability of results from one location to another. Furthermore, complex variables such as the mean radiant temperature(Tmrt)are necessary to assess outdoor human bioclimate. We observedTmrtin front of a building façade in Berlin, Germany, which is half-greened while the other part is bare.Tmrtwas reduced (mean 2 K) in front of the greened compared to the bare façade. To overcome observational shortcomings, we applied the microscale models ENVI-met, RayMan, and SOLWEIG. We evaluated these models based on observations. Our results show thatTmrt(MD = −1.93 K) and downward short-wave radiation (MD = 14.39 W/m2) were sufficiently simulated in contrast to upward short-wave and long-wave radiation. Finally, we compare the simulated reduction ofTmrtwith the observed one in front of the façade greening, showing that the models were not able to simulate the effects of façade greening with the applied settings. Our results reveal that façade greening contributes only slightly to a reduction of heat stress in front of building façades.

scholarly journals Arctic Sea Ice of Various Ages: I. Ultimate Strength

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Langleben ◽  
E. R. Pounder
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Made In

AbstractA comparison of polar ice (several years old) with biennial ice (between one and two years old) was made in the field at lat. 79°N., long. 104° W. Vertical cores were extracted from the ice cover and sectioned. Their ultimate tensile strengths were measured by the ring-tensile method. Supporting measurements were made of the salinity, density, and crystal structure of the ice. Tensile strength values averaged 6 per cent higher for the polar ice and 21 per cent higher for the biennial ice than comparable results for annual sea ice. A few horizontal cores of biennial ice were analysed similarly with inconclusive results.

Short-wave radiation from a tube with a gas screen

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
E. M. Golubev ◽  
N. N. Ogurtsova ◽  
I. V. Podmoshenskii ◽  
P. N. Rogovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Gas Screen
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