Investigation of Food and Relative Risk Probability of Having Five Different Diseases, Including Diabetes Using Collected Food Data Over A 6.5-Year Period Based on GHMethod: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 492)

The author is a professionally trained mathematician, physicist and engineer. His view of health and medicine is similar to his past experience on designing a physical object, such as a building structure or a working machine, which he calls an “object”. The object’s strength or its expected lifespan is similar to the health conditions and longevity of a human being based on the following three key factors: (1) The original strength of the object’s material which is similar to the genetic factors of a human body. (2) The engineering design and site construction of this object are similar to the fundamental influential causes, including lifestyle details, life-long habits, and environmental factors, on the human health. Among those external causes, if the author has to pick up one category which has the most influence above of all that is the “food”. (3) The object endures different operational problems due to external forces or impacts which are similar to various diseases suffered by humans. After the object experiences external forces or impacts, we use some structural reinforcements to fix the building’s damaged cracks or replace the malfunctioned part of the machine. These engineering actions are similar to the “medical treatments” doctors provide patients. The medical treatments, including medication interventions (oral drugs or biochemical injections), necessary surgeries, or certain organ transplants are similar to the engineering repair of the damaged object. This article emphasizes the relationship between causes and results such as symptoms of diseases. It particularly addresses the inter-relationship of 5 selected diseases: cancers, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), where the most important cause for most diseases is “food”. This food category in his study contains 25 defined elements include input data of food are collected via the developed iPhone APP. There are 5 elements for “Food Quantity”: breakfast amount, lunch amount, dinner amount, amount of between-meals snacks and fruits, and the average daily food consumption amount. In addition, there are 20 selected elements for “Food Quality” (see Figure 1). The combined Food score is the average value of both food quantity score and food quality score.

Relationship Between Lifestyle in Relation to Food Quality, Food Quantity and Exercise Versus Estimated Risk Probabilities of Having 5 Metabolic Disorder Diseases Using 8 Pathologies of Metabolic Syndrome’s Intra-Cellular Pathways and Collected Data Over 6.5 Years Based on GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 497)

The author was a professionally trained mathematician, physicist and engineer. His view of health and medicine is similar to his past experience on designing a physical object such as a building structure or a working machine, which he calls an “object”. The object’s strength or its expected lifespan is similar to the health conditions and longevity of a human being based on the following three key factors: (1) The original strength of the object’s material which is similar to the genetic factors of a human body. Generally speaking, the genetic (not “epigenetic”) portion only contributes 15% to 30%, approximately 20% or less, of having various chronic diseases. (2) The quality of engineering design and construction or manufacturing of this object are similar to the fundamental influential causes, including lifestyle details, life-long bad habits, and environmental damaging factors on human health. Among the external causes, one category that has the most impact on health is food, particularly with processed foods causing the most damage. Therefore, he tries to exclude all kinds of processed foods from his own food category. (3) The object suffers from different operational problems due to external forces or impacts which are similar to various diseases affecting humans. After the object suffers from external forces or impacts such as an earthquake or hurricane, we must use some structural reinforcements to fix the problems or replace the malfunctioned parts of the machine. These engineering after-actions are similar to the medical “treatments” post-injury/infection provided to patients by doctors. The medical treatments include medication interventions (either oral drugs or biochemical injections), necessary surgeries or organ transplants, which are similar to the engineering repair of the damaged object. Nevertheless, all type of medical treatments bring some degree of traumatic effects on the human body. In addition, up to now, there are no medications which can cure chronic diseases induced by metabolic disorders. The different medications given to patients only suppress the symptoms of different chronic diseases and do not deal with the root causes. Therefore, they are not able to reverse, repair, or cure chronic diseases.

Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide- and Lignocellulose-Stabilized Clay in Tibet

Laboratory freezing experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) and lignocellulose on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of Tibetan clay. Direct shear and unconfined compressive tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed on clay samples with different contents of stabilizers. The test results show that the addition of PAM can improve the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of Tibetan clay, but an excessive amount of PAM reduces the internal friction angle. After several freeze-thaw cycles, the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of samples stabilized by PAM decrease significantly, while the internal friction angle increases. Samples stabilized by PAM and lignocellulose have higher internal friction angles, cohesion, and unconfined compressive strength and can retain about 80% of the original strength after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. PAM fills the pores between soil particles and provides adhesion. The addition of lignocellulose can form a network, restrict the expansion of pores caused by freeze-thaw cycles, and improve the integrity of PAM colloids. It is postulated that the addition of a composite stabilizer with a PAM content of 0.4% and a lignocellulose content of 2% may be a technically feasible method to increase the strength of Tibetan clay.

The Role of Iron Tailing Powder in Ultra-High-Strength Concrete Subjected to Elevated Temperatures

Iron tailing powder (ITP) is considered to have the potential to replace cement to manufacture ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). However, the performance of UHPC with the addition of ITP after exposure to high temperatures is more complex. This investigation prepares seven UHPC formulations by introducing different contents of ITP and investigates the mechanical behavior (residual strength), bound water content, and microstructural properties (crystalline and amorphous phases, chemical structure, and morphology) of UHPC subjected to elevated temperatures. The experimental results show that the addition of ITP postpones the spalling of concrete when exposed to high temperatures. The concrete incorporating 15% ITP maintains 53.8% of its original strength at 800°C, unlike the concrete without ITP that maintains 31.6% of its original strength. The addition of ITP increases the number of micropores/cracks in concrete and helps release the vapor pressure caused by water evaporation. The findings of this investigation highlight the potential application of ITP for future UHPC design and manufacture.

Degradation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Material Exposed to Tropical Atmospheric Condition

Fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) have emerged as popular materials for structural application in recent decades due to numerous of advantages. Despite the growing body of research on the use of glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) composites in repairing and retrofitting the important structures such as oil and gas pipelines, the lack of comprehensive data on the long-term degradation mechanism for these materials is still impeding their widespread use in open-air structures repairs particularly in tropical climate locations such as Malaysia. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental investigation to determine the influence of tropical atmospheric condition on tensile properties of the GFRP. In this study, a set of GFRP samples were fabricated using epoxy resin as polymer matrix and woven E-glass fibres as reinforcing materials. These samples were exposed to tropical atmospheric condition in Malaysia for a period of four months. Tensile test was carried out for each sample before and after four-months period of exposure. The experimental tensile test results recorded a 15% reduction in tensile strength after 4 months of exposure as compared to its original strength. Further, the dominant failure mode of the exposed sample was characterized with longitudinal splitting of the fibres without completely breaking out. Overall, the tropical atmospheric condition has a noticeable impact on the GFRPs tensile strength degradations over the exposure duration.

Ultimate Strength Prediction of Fibrous Composites only upon Independently Measured Constituent Properties

This study presents an accurate and easy-to-use micromechanical model to predict the ultimate strength of unidirectional polymer composites under an arbitrary load condition only upon independently measured constituent properties. In this model, the micromechanical method based on generalized model of cells (GMC), which effectively predict the nonlinear deformation of unidirectional composites, is used to analyze the repeating unit cells of composites. At the same time, a unified plastic theory (i.e. modified Ramaswamy-Stouffer model) is incorporated into the GMC's analytical framework to describe viscoplastic behaviors of matrix phase. Additionally, because of the stress concentration effect which causes the difference between the matrix in-situ and original strength behaviors, a stress concentration factor is introduced in order to utilize the measured constituent properties directly. The prediction results with SCF match better with the experimental results than the prediction results without SCF. In addition, the prediction results show that the presence of thermal residual stress and material plastic effects generally has important influence on the strength prediction of a composite.

Retrofitting of Infilled Frame in Reinforced Concrete Structure

This research work aims to compare the seismic performance (in terms of lateral load strength, stiffness, ductility, response modification factor and performance levels) of full scale infilled frames before and after retrofitting. To evaluate the seismic performance, two infilled frames with door opening at different locations were constructed in the laboratory based on the current construction practices in Pakistan. In one infilled frame, door opening was at the center (Frame-1) while in other, door opening was at a side (Frame-2). After construction, both the specimens were tested with quasi-static test. The damaged parent specimens were then retrofitted with Ferrocement overlay and cracks in the infill wall were repaired with grout injection. Steel door frames of gauge 18 were installed at the door opening to make the model more realistic. Results obtained after performing quasi static test on the retrofitted specimen have showed that the specimens not only gained the original strength, but the seismic parameters of the infilled frames were observed to have also improved.

Specifications of the ACMG/AMP variant interpretation guidelines for germline TP53 variants

ABSTRACTGermline pathogenic variants in TP53 are associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition disorder associated with high risk of malignancy, including early onset breast cancers, sarcomas, adrenocortical carcinomas and brain tumors. Intense cancer surveillance for individuals with TP53 germline pathogenic variants has been shown to decrease mortality; therefore, accurate and consistent classification of variants across clinical and research laboratories is crucial to patient care. Here, we describe the work performed by the Clinical Genome Resource TP53 Variant Curation Expert Panel (ClinGen TP53 VCEP) focused on specifying the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines for germline variant classification to the TP53 gene. Specifications were applied to twenty ACMG/AMP criteria while nine were deemed not applicable. The original strength level for ten criteria was also adjusted due to current evidence. Use of the TP53-specific guidelines and sharing of clinical data amongst experts and clinical laboratories led to a decrease in variants of uncertain significance from 28% to 12% in comparison with the original guidelines. The ClinGen TP53 VCEP recommends the use of these TP53-specific ACMG/AMP guidelines as the standard strategy for TP53 germline variant classification.

AMOC hysteresis in an eddy-permitting GCM and monitoring indicators

<p>We conduct idealised experiments with HadGEM3-GC2, which is a pre-CMIP6 eddy-permitting GCM, to test for the presence of thresholds in the AMOC. We add fresh water to the North Atlantic for different rates and lengths of time, and then examine the AMOC recovery. In some cases the AMOC recovers to its original strength, however if the AMOC weakens sufficiently it does not recover and stays in a weak state for up to 300 years.</p><p>We test various indictors that have been proposed for monitoring the AMOC with this ensemble of experiments (and other scenarios). In particular we ask whether fingerprints can provide early warning or faster detection of weakening or recovery, or indications of crossing the threshold. We find metrics that perform best are the temperature metrics based on large scale differences, the large scale meridional density gradient, and the vertical density difference in the Labrador Sea. Mixed layer depth is also useful for indicating whether the AMOC recovers after weakening. </p>