scholarly journals Equitable access to HIV counseling and testing for youth in developing countries: A review of current practice

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann P. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Post Test

While many people get HIV-related counseling and testing, only those who receive pre- and post-test counseling, and test voluntarily, are participating in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The high rates of HIV infection among youth make it crucial to find programs to prevent infection. Because there is evidence that many adults benefit from VCT, there is increasing interest in extending these services to young people. VCT counseling helps adolescents evaluate their own behavior and its consequences. A negative test result offers the opportunity to recognize vulnerabilities and develop risk-reduction plans to adopt safe behaviors. Young people who test HIV-positive can receive referrals for care and have opportunities to discuss and understand what their HIV status means and what responsibilities they have to themselves and others as a result. Young women who are pregnant and test HIV-positive should be offered special care to safeguard their own health and minimize the risk of passing the virus to the baby. This report assesses the available evidence about the current status of VCT and youth in developing countries.

A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of alternative HIV counseling and testing methods to increase knowledge of HIV status

AIDS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1597-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela B Hutchinson ◽  
Bernard M Branson ◽  
Angela Kim ◽  
Paul G Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing

scholarly journals HIV voluntary counseling and testing: An essential component in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Couple Communication ◽  
Serostatus Disclosure ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Mother To Child

Positive results from clinical trials of the anti-retroviral medications zidovudine and nevirapine created the possibility of offering an affordable and feasible intervention worldwide to reduce HIV transmission from an infected pregnant woman to her infant. Governmental and nongovernmental health services in many highly affected areas of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe have responded by piloting and rapidly expanding programs for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT). Since their inception in 1999, programs have offered voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) to more than 800,000 pregnant women around the world. An important objective of VCT is to identify which pregnant women are HIV-positive so they can receive antiretroviral drugs to prevent transmitting HIV to their infants. HIV counseling and testing also offer an opportunity to promote HIV prevention, encourage serostatus disclosure, and foster couple communication on HIV and PMTCT. This brief focuses on VCT in the antenatal care setting, examining service utilization by pregnant women, their perceptions of services, client outcomes as a result of undergoing HIV counseling and testing, and strategies for improving quality and coverage of VCT as a key component of PMTCT programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality antenatal care-linked HIV counseling and testing as an intervention for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at government health facilities in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110477
Author(s):  
Masresha Leta ◽  
Siraj Adem ◽  
Biniyam Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Health Facilities ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Mother To Child

Objective: To assess quality of antenatal care-linked to HIV counseling and testing as an intervention for prevention of mother-to-child transmission at government health facilities in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was done from 1 February to 30 February 2020 by applying quantitative method conducting in government health facilities in Harar town, Eastern, Ethiopia. A total of 422 participants were recruited from four governmental hospitals in Harar Town. Simple random sampling method was used to select the participants. Data were collected by three nurses selected from prospected hospitals. The collected data were cleaned, checked for quality, coded, and analyzed using “Software package Social Science, version 20” computer program. Result: From a total of 422 participants, 348 (82.5%) were satisfied with the counseling room’s privacy, and having pre-test and post-test counseling by the same person provided comfort for 357 (98.9%) of clients. Three hundred eighty-nine (92.2%) felt comfortable with the counselors’ client handling/respect; 386 (91.5%) were satisfied with technical competence of the counselors. About a quarter (25.4%) of clients had no discussion of prevention of mother-to-child transmission at all, and the majority (68.2%) comprehended that HIV counseling and testing could benefit prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Conclusion: Exit interview revealed that the basic topics were covered in most of the pre- and/or post-test sessions, and the majority of those counseled comprehended the information; however, nearly a quarter of the clients did not understand why they were offered HIV counseling and testing particularly during their pregnancy time.

scholarly journals Do Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in the United States Understand that HIV Serodiscordance is Possible?

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley H. Wagenaar ◽  
Kristina L. Grabbe ◽  
Rob Stephenson ◽  
Christine M. Khosropour ◽  
Patrick S. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Male Couples ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Little is currently known about the extent to which US MSM understand the possibility that a long-term sex partner can have an HIV status different than one’s own status. This information is important in the adaptation of Couples Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing (CVCT) for US MSM. Methods 428 US MSM completed an online survey using MySpace.com from March-April, 2009. Results Of 426 MSM with complete data, 21.1% (90) were not definitively aware that serodiscordance is possible. Factors associated with a lack of understanding that serodiscordance is possible were: never having tested for HIV (OR: 2.0; CI: 1.1, 3.8), compared to testing 0-6 months previously and having a high school education or less (OR: 2.2; CI: 1.1, 4.5), compared to men who had completed at least some college. Conclusions A large proportion of young, internet-using MSM in the United States may not understand that HIV serodiscordance is possible within sexual partnerships. Based on these results, we recommend that CVCT provided to male couples in the United States should include education on HIV serodiscordance.

scholarly journals 1279. Prevalence of HIV Among the Youth Aged 15–24 in Nigeria: A Need to Increase Access for Young Adolescents to HIV Counseling and Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S390-S390
Author(s):  
Ezinne Ezenekwe ◽  
Nevis Essien Uduak ◽  
Catherine Nnamani
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Nigeria with a population of over 173 million people, HIV/AIDS remains a growing public health issue. The people living with the virus are about 3.2 million and it is observed that there is an increase of new infection among the adolescents and young people. We decided to study the prevalence of HIV among young people aged 15–24 in the country. The country was divided into six regions for the purpose of this study. Methods We adapted the secondary data that were collected from the report of the National HIV/AIDS and reproductive survey (NARSH 2012) on Prevalence of HIV/AIDS on adolescents and young people in Nigeria in 2012. Data collection on the survey were from the primary source documents in health facilities that offer HIV/AIDS services Results Among the six geopolitical zones, South–South zone has the highest (4.9%) prevalence rate of HIV infection among the adolescents and young people, more than the National median prevalence of 3.6%, while south -East has the lowest prevalence of (1.1%). Results showed that adolescent and young people, aged 20–24 had higher prevalence of 3.2% while ages 15–19 had prevalence of 2.9%. Results from the segregated data by sex showed that between the ages (15–24), the prevalence is higher (3.3%) with female gender than the male (2.4%) counterpart. HIV/AIDS in Africa and Nigeria in particular has a feminine face due to culture of silence, early child marriage and religious barriers that forbids female gender to discuss issues around sexuality or seek reproductive health services at age 15. Conclusion The age limit for access to HIV counseling and testing (HCT) should be adjusted to include young people who are sexually active as early as age 15. Findings revealed that the legal framework on access to HCT (HIV Counselling and Testing), of WHO at 18 years and above have created a barrier to young people who are below 18 and are active sexually to access HCT as the Health personnel would ask for the parental consent. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Provision of Test Results and Posttest Counseling at STD Clinics in 24 Health Departments: U.S., 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Begley ◽  
Michelle VanHandel
Keyword(s):  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test

Objective. We determined the demographic and HIV test characteristics of tests conducted in CDC-funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics with provision of test results and posttest counseling. Methods. We used CDC's HIV Counseling and Testing System data from 2007 for the 24 U.S. health departments that reported test-level data from STD clinics. We calculated and analyzed newly identified HIV positivity and the percentage of tests with provision of test results and posttest counseling (provision of posttest counseling), by demographic and HIV-related characteristics. Results. Of 372,757 tests conducted among people without a previous HIV diagnosis by self-report, provision of posttest counseling was documented for 191,582 (51.4%) HIV tests overall and 1,922 (71.2%) newly identified HIV-positive test results. At these STD clinics, provision of posttest counseling varied by HIV serostatus, age, race/ethnicity, test type, and risk category; however, documentation of posttest counseling was missing for more than 20% of tests. The newly identified HIV positivity among all testers was 0.7%. Conclusions. One of the main goals of HIV counseling and testing is to inform people of their HIV status, because knowledge of one's HIV-positive serostatus can result in a reduction in risk behaviors and allow the person to access HIV medical care and treatment. STD clinics offering HIV testing may need to further their emphasis on increasing the proportion of clients who are provided posttest counseling and on improving documentation of this information.

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