scholarly journals Provision of Test Results and Posttest Counseling at STD Clinics in 24 Health Departments: U.S., 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Begley ◽  
Michelle VanHandel
Keyword(s):  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test

Objective. We determined the demographic and HIV test characteristics of tests conducted in CDC-funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics with provision of test results and posttest counseling. Methods. We used CDC's HIV Counseling and Testing System data from 2007 for the 24 U.S. health departments that reported test-level data from STD clinics. We calculated and analyzed newly identified HIV positivity and the percentage of tests with provision of test results and posttest counseling (provision of posttest counseling), by demographic and HIV-related characteristics. Results. Of 372,757 tests conducted among people without a previous HIV diagnosis by self-report, provision of posttest counseling was documented for 191,582 (51.4%) HIV tests overall and 1,922 (71.2%) newly identified HIV-positive test results. At these STD clinics, provision of posttest counseling varied by HIV serostatus, age, race/ethnicity, test type, and risk category; however, documentation of posttest counseling was missing for more than 20% of tests. The newly identified HIV positivity among all testers was 0.7%. Conclusions. One of the main goals of HIV counseling and testing is to inform people of their HIV status, because knowledge of one's HIV-positive serostatus can result in a reduction in risk behaviors and allow the person to access HIV medical care and treatment. STD clinics offering HIV testing may need to further their emphasis on increasing the proportion of clients who are provided posttest counseling and on improving documentation of this information.

Home HIV Testing and Conflicts with State HIV Testing Regulations

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-444
Author(s):  
William O. Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Public Health Departments ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Set Up

Currently the number of AIDS-related deaths in the United States has reached 311,000 and at least one million more Americans are infected with HIV. Of those one million or more infected, many spread the virus unknowingly as approximately forty percent of those infected have never been tested. More than eighty-five percent of the U.S. population has never been tested for HIV. No cure or vaccine for HIV currently exists.The federal and state governments have set up a patchwork of free and confidential HIV testing at local clinics. States have enacted a variety of legislation concerning HIV testing and test results. Most states have enacted statutes that require informed consent for an HIV test to be conducted. All states require the reporting of AIDS cases, and many also require the reporting of HIV-positive status to state public health departments. Furthermore, many states mandate certain requirements for HIV counseling.

scholarly journals Four Models of HIV Counseling and Testing: Utilization and Test Results in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e102267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonderai Mabuto ◽  
Mary H. Latka ◽  
Bulelani Kuwane ◽  
Gavin J. Churchyard ◽  
Salome Charalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing

scholarly journals Equitable access to HIV counseling and testing for youth in developing countries: A review of current practice

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann P. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Post Test

While many people get HIV-related counseling and testing, only those who receive pre- and post-test counseling, and test voluntarily, are participating in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The high rates of HIV infection among youth make it crucial to find programs to prevent infection. Because there is evidence that many adults benefit from VCT, there is increasing interest in extending these services to young people. VCT counseling helps adolescents evaluate their own behavior and its consequences. A negative test result offers the opportunity to recognize vulnerabilities and develop risk-reduction plans to adopt safe behaviors. Young people who test HIV-positive can receive referrals for care and have opportunities to discuss and understand what their HIV status means and what responsibilities they have to themselves and others as a result. Young women who are pregnant and test HIV-positive should be offered special care to safeguard their own health and minimize the risk of passing the virus to the baby. This report assesses the available evidence about the current status of VCT and youth in developing countries.

scholarly journals Implementation of Rapid HIV Testing Programs in Community and Outreach Settings: Perspectives from Staff at Eight Community-Based Organizations in Seven U.S. Cities

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollie A. Clark ◽  
Kristina E. Bowles ◽  
Binwei Song ◽  
James D. Heffelfinger
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Rapid Hiv Test

Objectives. The goals of this research were to evaluate perceptions of staff about the effectiveness of methods used by eight community-based organizations (CBOs) to implement human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and rapid testing in community and outreach settings in seven U.S. cities, and to identify operational challenges. Methods. A survey was administered to CBO staff to determine their perceptions about the effectiveness of methods used to select testing venues, promote their testing programs, recruit people for testing, provide test results, and link HIV-positive people to health care. Using a Likert scale, respondents rated the effectiveness of methods, their agreement with statements about using mobile testing units (MTUs) and rapid HIV test kits, and operational challenges. Results. Most respondents perceived the methods they used for selecting testing venues, and particularly using recommendations from people receiving testing, to be effective. Most respondents also thought their promotional activities were effective. Respondents believed that using MTUs improved their capacity to reach high-risk individuals, but that MTUs were associated with substantial challenges (e.g., costs to purchase and maintain them). Programmatic challenges included training staff to provide counseling and testing, locating and providing confirmatory test results to people with reactive rapid tests, and sustaining testing programs. Conclusions. CBO staff thought the methods used to select venues for HIV testing were effective and that using MTUs increased their ability to provide testing to high-risk individuals. However, using MTUs was expensive and posed logistical difficulties. CBOs planning to implement similar programs should take these findings into consideration and pay particular attention to training needs and program sustainability.

Perseverance Pays Off: Health Care Providers' Impact on HIV Testing Decisions by Adolescent Females

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Goodman ◽  
Ann C. Tipton ◽  
Liza Hecht ◽  
Margaret A. Chesney
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Testing Services

Background and objective. Although HIV counseling and testing of adolescents has increased rapidly in recent years due to increasing HIV seroprevalence rates, little is known about adolescents' use of HIV testing services. The aims of this study were to determine what proportion of high risk adolescent girls would use confidential HIV testing services linked to primary care and to explore the characteristics, beliefs, and experiences that distinguish those teenage girls who obtain HIV testing in this setting from those who do not. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. General pediatrics clinic with adolescent-specific appointments at a large urban HMO. Participants. Convenience sample of 124 adolescent girls engaging in risky behaviors identified by chart review before regularly scheduled clinic appointments. Intervention. Subjects completed a self-report questionnaire assessing HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors before the medical visit. During their provider visit, teens were counseled about their risk behaviors and the availability of HIV testing services at the clinic. Subjects were also given the opportunity to view an educational video about HIV testing designed for adolescents. Main outcome measures. Use of HIV counseling and testing services at the clinic and HIV test results. Results. Forty-one percent of these adolescent girls obtained HIV testing at the clinic on the day of their scheduled appointment. Univariate analysis revealed that adolescents who obtained testing had initiated sexual intercourse at a younger age (mean age 13.8 vs 14.4 years, P = .02) and were more likely to have had a prior discussion about HIV testing with a health care provider [RR = 2.02, 95% CIs (1.22, 3.36)]. Those who did not view the video were less likely to test [RR = 0.20, 95% CIs (0.07, 0.58)]. Multiple logistic regression modeling revealed that a prior discussion with a health care provider was the only independent predictor of obtaining an HIV test [OR = 3.47 95% CIs (1.26, 9.52)]. Conclusions. A significant proportion of adolescent girls engaging in risky behaviors will use confidential HIV counseling and testing services that are linked to primary care. Health care providers play an important role in helping teens address their risk for and concerns about HIV infection by engaging adolescents in repeated discussions about HIV testing.

scholarly journals Demographic Predictors of HIV Serostatus among HIV Counseling and Testing Clients in Rural Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-368
Author(s):  
Oluyemisi A. Akinwande ◽  
Prince U. Ele ◽  
Usman I. Gebi ◽  
Donald O. Igboelina ◽  
Patrick S. Dakum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Rural Nigeria ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Testing Center ◽  
Preventive Methods

Nnewi is a rural Nigerian town with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing center which tests about 120 clients/d. The objective of this study is to determine the factors predicting positive HIV status at Nnewi. Review of records was done with age, gender, marital status, and occupation as variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors linked to a positive HIV test. Overall HIV prevalence was 31.14%. Drivers and married clients had a high risk of being HIV+ (odds ratio [OR], 3.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17-5.96 and OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.42-3.19). Housewives were 2 times more likely to be positive (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.35-3.29). After adjustment, females had 22% higher risk (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03-1.45) with the highest chance found in married females (OR, 6.70; 95% CI, 4.45-10.09). The study succeeded in panning out an unexpected risk group: married women. Drivers have been known to be a risk group. Preventive methods must be tailored to and acceptable by each risk group.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and utilization of HIV counseling and testing by female sex workers in Lagos State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Doyin Ogunyemi ◽  
Oluwatoyin Theresa OGUNMEFUN ◽  
Esther 3. OLUWOLE ◽  
Adeola Ekundayo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Lagos State

Objectives: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic continues to expand among female sex workers (FSWs) who have limited access to and utilization of HIV counseling and testing services (HCT). HCT plays a pivotal role in increasing knowledge and awareness to prevent, treat, and control HIV/AIDS. The study objective was to determine the knowledge, attitude, utilization of HCT among brothel-based FSWs (BBFSWs). Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 300 BBFSWs in Lagos State. The respondents were recruited by snowballing after a multistage sampling method was used in the selection of the brothels. The data was collected using an adapted interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Majority (63.0%) of the respondents were between the ages of 21-30 years and 67.4% had good knowledge of HIV and HCT. About 75.0% had a positive attitude towards HCT and 55.6% of FSWs in this study had utilized an HCT center in the past. The main reason for not taking HIV test was the fear of a positive result (90.6%) while the main reasons given for not visiting any HCT center were lack of confidentiality (13.3%), stigmatization (14.8%), and distance to the HCT center (67.2%). Conclusion: There was a good knowledge of HCT and a positive attitude towards HCT services by the respondents. The main reasons for not taking the HIV test as indicated by respondents were fear of a positive result. HIV-stigma related issues should be adequately addressed.

scholarly journals Perilaku Wanita Pekerja Seks Melakukan Konseling dan Tes HIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Ruwayda Ruwayda ◽  
M Dody Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Test

The high prevalence of current HIV / AIDS problems is not only a health problem of infectious disease, but has become a very widespread public health problem, one of the high risk groups is Female Sex Workers (WPS). The number of female sex workers who counsel and test HIV in Rawasari Health Center is still low that is 27,67%. This research is quantitative research with cross sectional method, using Systematic Random Sampling technique with sample number 77 female sex worker. Instrument used questionnaire, analyzed by univariate analysis, bivariate and chi-square test. The result of the analysis of 77 respondents, 61% have bad behavior to do counseling of HIV test and 39% have good behavior do counseling of HIV test, 57,1% of respondents have low knowledge, 50,6% of respondents have unfavorable attitude and 50,6 respondents argue that the role of health workers is good for HIV counseling and testing. The result of bivariate analysis shows that there is significant correlation between knowledge (p-value = 0,000), attitude (p-value = 0,000) and the role of health officer (p-value = 0,013) with female sex worker conduct HIV counseling and testing at Payo Sigadung City of Jambi.It is hoped that health officers at Rawasari Puskesmas will improve direct and periodic counseling through information media, encourage and encourage female sex workers to conduct HIV counseling and testing.

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