Failure in a pipe due to defective maintenance

Proper maintenance of energy transport pipelines is a part of energy efficiency since energy losses during transport are reduced with good maintenance practices as well as the mechanical integrity can be known. Moreover, it reduces the risk of accidents or environmental damage. This work is an example of the experiences that must be taken into account for optimal pipeline maintenance and consisted of a failure analysis performed on a 20-inch diameter "T" connection, which plays an important role in the energy transportation process and it was found to be partially buried with exposure to rainwater. Preventive maintenance consists of visual inspection, cleaning, and coating with paint. The results indicated that the failure begun due to fatigue with origin in weld defects and the fracture grew up due to an overload, which caused the crack to grow following the region of the material with loss of thickness induced by corrosion pitting.

Effect of induction heating on Vickers and Knoop hardness of 1045 steel heat treated

AISI 1045 steel is a steel of medium carbon, widely used in machinery, the automotive industry, and the food industry, among others. Therefore, to fulfill its purpose, it is necessary to improve its mechanical resistance, wear resistance and resistance to fatigue through different surface heat treatments. Variables such as heating time and hence speed affect the thickness of the hardened layer and the microstructural characteristics of the area affected by heat treatment. The inspection of the transformation of phases during the treatment and the thickness of the boundary layer is generated by determining the hardness of the material, whose procedure is subject to the ASTM E92-17 and E384-17standards, which establish the methodology to be followed. Therefore, the objective of this work is to quantify the effect of three heating times at 1123 K on the hardening of AISI 1045 steel and the regularity of the hardened layer to ensure its functionality as a component subjected to friction, in addition to developing a table of equivalences between the Knoop (HK), Vickers (HK) and Rockwell C (HRC) hardness scales.

Analysis of the operation processes and application of optimization tools to improve the productivity of operations in an Automotive Service Center

The management of operations in any business unit has been a fundamental element that contributes to increasing its productivity. In order to establish improvement action plans that contribute to generating more efficient operations that improve productivity and the quality of the service provided, it is important to understand how these operations are carried out and the productive factors that intervene to optimize them within organizations. This article shows an analysis on the analysis of operations in an automotive service center, through a study of times carried out on the technical staff of the center, identifying productive and unproductive times, making an analysis of the sequence of operations, identifying operations that represent bottlenecks in the process, as well as the elements available to the staff to carry out their work. An analysis will be carried out of the work carried out in accordance with the repair orders entered at the service center from receipt to delivery, so that an opportunity area is established in the processes that are carried out to generate improvements that contribute to optimization of the resources.

Design methodology applied in piston testing device

As part of the development and manufacture of engine pistons used by the automotive industry, a series of laboratory tests are carried out that include: Mechanical, metallographic and chemical analysis of the material, dimensional verification, final weight and piston finishes finished, tests on the engine dynamometer of the finished product, etc. The technological development department of an automotive piston manufacturing company, as part of the quality assurance process of its products, has established the need to assess the compressive and fatigue resistance of pistons, both at room temperature and at temperature normal operation of an internal combustion engine. The equipment proposed to carry out these tests is an hydraulic servo machine, which has the capacity to apply dynamic load and static load, with which extreme piston operating loads can be simulated. For this reason, the design goal of this work is to design a device with which the test specimens (pistons) can be held in the machine, in order to perform fatigue and compression tests and in which, the heat can be heated. piston at the required test temperature.

Simulation of the cooling process between 16 and 19 fin liners of a sedan automobile

In this paper a finite element analysis is carried out on the mechanical element called the piston liner; The main objective of the analysis is to know the advantages of increasing the number of fins in said mechanical element. For the piston to have greater durability and to function optimally, it is necessary to make certain adjustments to the cooling system, hence the fact of making modifications or improvements within the piston liner. Models of the piston liner were made, which were considered the most suitable to be subjected to simulations. Various simulations were carried out, which helped to conclude that the more fins there are, the better the piston performance. Basically, an analysis was made between the 16-fin liner and another analysis with the 19-fin liner, the results were as expected, the 19-fin liner gives us a more favorable cooling time for the piston

Transformation of a Sedan car (volkswagen) to hybrid and fully electric

In this work, a proposal is made to transform the vw sedan vehicle into a hybrid and electric vehicle as a viable alternative, to reduce polluting emissions from combustion vehicles and the high costs that conventional fuels have managed to achieve in recent times, New structures have been implemented to improve vehicle propulsion conditions by reducing pollutants. For this reason, the option of vehicles that contain two systems to generate their operation is attractive. The option that we are going to analyze is a hybrid vehicle with a parallel arrangement, in which the electrical energy that drives it comes from batteries and alternatively from an internal combustion engine that drives a generator. Typically, an internal combustion engine can also drive the wheels directly. In the design of a hybrid car, the heat engine is the energy source that is used as last option, and an electronic system is arranged to determine which engine to use and when to use it.

Test analysis for implementation of mechanical and robotic systems in therapy applications

This article presents the results of tests performed on the mechanical system of wheeled robots, so they can be implemented as therapy instruments for people with different capacities (ASD). The results displayed show the robot's behavior following a trajectory and its dependence on operator handling. In this way, results can be extrapolated about the importance of design for the development of mechanical systems that can be reliable to be implemented as therapy tools.

Analysis of drag and lift forces for a sedan car using a rear lip spoiler

In this research, aerodynamic tests were carried out using Solidworks Flow Simulation software on a Sedan-type car, implementing different sizes of lip-type spoilers at the rear to obtain the results of the drag and lift coefficients produced by movement. of the air regardless of the design at the rear of the car and analyze if there was improvement in aerodynamics. Analyzing the results, it is obtained that the aerodynamics of the car is improved when a lip-type spoiler is fitted, the lift forces were reduced, whereas the drag forces remained constant for all the different designs.

Mechanical upgrade to a proposed mechanical transition ventilation

Due to the contingency situation that has been generated in various parts of the world and the declaration of a pandemic carried out by the World Health Organization against the Sars-CoV-2 virus, various people, educational institutions and companies are carrying out the development of mechanical ventilators that can meet the need for this equipment in their countries. This paper shows experiences obtained in the design and construction of a transitional mechanical ventilator that allows compliance with the minimum requirements that doctors and healthcare professionals consider when a person is piped. Also, it helps in the seek to comply the regulations that the federal government agency elaborates with the purpose of reviewing the existing proposals for open source mechanical ventilators. It also contains the technical requirements that are need to be covered by the designers. These regulations cover the feasibility for replicating the ventilators proposed, based on certain factors that will be described in this paper. Once the ventilators have been tested, its improvement is carried out from the mechanical part, considering the electrical element to be used, in order to obtain a transitional mechanical ventilator that could be easily replicated with national suppliers.

Design of a rotational type vibration absorber

Mechanical vibration absorbers are mechanical subsystems capable of developing an oscillatory movement, which dynamically compensates for the vibratory motion developed by a mechanical system of interest, which is affected by an action that can produce a movement that directly affects it in a non-desirable way. The system of interest is called the primary system and the absorber is called the secondary system. The way in which both systems interact establishes the conditions in which absorption will take place. Traditional absorbers are made up of systems coupled by means of an elastic element, they can also have viscous type coupling and very complex couplings can be presented by elastic and viscous type combinations. The objective of the present work is to design a rotational type vibration absorber, in which the interaction between both mechanical systems is developed by contact by rotation without sliding and elastic coupling. Euler-Lagrange equations are used to obtain the mathematical model of the system. One of the main characteristics of the rotary absorber is that the absorber can be designed to achieve small amplitudes of the displacement of its center of mass, but large displacements. Results are presented in numerical simulation.