scholarly journals Vitamin D fortification: A perspective to improve immunity for COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Sheetal Handu ◽  
Shumaila Jan ◽  
Komal Chauhan ◽  
D.C. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

The need for food fortification arises because of close relation between human, health and food. The problem of prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition paved a way for food fortification to emerge and run in this technological era. This review focusses on the importance of Vitamin D in the present pandemic situation and the techniques used for fortification. The stability and bio-accessibility are the biggest question mark in the food fortification process as, a large proportion of Vitamin D is lost during food processing and storage due to environmental stress conditions such as temperature, pH, salt, oxygen and light. Vitamin D is an important micronutrient, is essentially required for the prevention of respiratory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer etc. which make it essential in enhancing immunity against COVID-19. Food fortification is the most efficient and safest method recognized by the WHO. The present review is an update on Vitamin D, in light of its role and importance and also fortification techniques adopted. Among all the techniques, nanoencapsulation is found to be an efficient one with the increasing demand.

Stability of Lycopene During Food Processing and Storage

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Xianquan ◽  
J. Shi ◽  
Y. Kakuda ◽  
J. Yueming
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Morphology, Stability, and Application of Lycopene Microcapsules Produced by Complex Coacervation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glaucia A. Rocha-Selmi ◽  
Carmen S. Favaro-Trindade ◽  
Carlos R. F. Grosso
Keyword(s):  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Complex Coacervation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
And Storage

The interest in lycopene has increased in recent years due to studies that associate it with the reduction in risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, due to its high degree of unsaturation, this carotenoid is inclined to isomerize and oxidize during processing and storage, making it difficult to use in the food industry. Microencapsulation can improve this situation, increasing its stability and making incorporation into food formulations possible. Thus, the aim of this study was to microencapsulate lycopene by complex coacervation using gelatin and gum Arabic as the encapsulating agents. The microcapsules were evaluated based on the encapsulation efficiency and their morphology and then submitted to a stability test and applied in cake making. Most of the systems studied presented spherical microcapsules with defined walls. The encapsulation efficiency values were above 90%, and the average diameter of the capsules ranged from 61 to 144 μm. The stability test showed that microencapsulation offered greater protection to the lycopene as compared to its free form. The application of nonfreeze dried coacervated microcapsules in cake making was satisfactory, but the color transference was low when freezedried coacervated microcapsules were used.

Effect of Processing and Storage on the Stability of Flaxseed Lignan Added to Bakery Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena K. Hyvärinen ◽  
Juha-Matti Pihlava ◽  
Jaakko A. Hiidenhovi ◽  
Veli Hietaniemi ◽  
Hannu J. T. Korhonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bakery Products ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Functionality changes of natural antioxidants during food processing and storage

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V) ◽  
pp. S80-S83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pokorný ◽  
Š. Schmidt ◽  
H. T T Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Food raw materials and products contain inhibitors of oxidation reactions, both in the lipidic phase and the aqueous phase. The most important inhibitors are phenolic antioxidants. During food processing and storage, concentrations of antioxidants in the two phases reach an equilibrium. Phenolics react with lipidic free radicals, being converted into antioxidant free radicals, quinones, polymers and copolymers. Some degradation products possess an antioxidant activity, too. The relative antioxidant activity decreases with decreasing concentration of oxygen in the system and with increasing temperature. Antioxidants are more rapidly decomposed in surface layers. Health aspects of antioxidant degradation products are often neglected as the safety of antioxidant degradation products is mostly unknown.

Procedure To Evaluate the Stability during Processing and Storage of a Medicated Premix and Medicated Farm Feed:  Erythromycin Thiocyanate

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3709-3712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Bernabéu ◽  
María A. Camacho ◽  
María E. Gil-Alegre ◽  
Ana I. Torres-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
The Stability ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Stability of tryptophan during food processing and storage

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik K. Nielsen ◽  
D. De Weck ◽  
P. A. Finot ◽  
R. Liardon ◽  
R. F. Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Maillard Reactions ◽  
Minor Losses ◽  
Oxidation Of Methionine ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

1. The stability of tryptophan was evaluated in several different food model systems using a chemical method (high pressure liquid chromatography after alkaline-hydrolysis) and rat assays. Losses of tryptophan were compared with the losses of lysine and methionine.2. Whey proteins stored in the presence of oxidizing lipids showed large losses of lysine and extensive methionine oxidation but only minor losses of tryptophan as measured chemically. The observed decrease in bioavailable tryptophan was explained by a lower protein digestibility.3. Casein treated with hydrogen peroxide to oxidize all methionine to methionine sulphoxide showed a 9% loss in bioavailable tryptophan.4. When casein was reacted with caffeic acid at pH 7 in the presence of monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase; EC 1.14.18.l), no chemical loss of tryptophan occurred, although fluorodinitrobenzene-reactive lysine fell by 23%. Tryptophan bioavailability fell IS%, partly due to an 8% reduction in protein digestibility.5. Alkali-treated casein (0.15 M-sodium hydroxide, 80°,4 h) did not support rat growth. Chemically-determined tryptophan, available tryptophan and true nitrogen digestibility fell 10, 46 and 23% respectively. Racemization of tryptophan was found to be 10% (D/(D+L)).6. In whole-milk powder, which had undergone ‘early’ or ‘advanced’ Maillard reactions, tryptophan, determined chemically or in rat assays, was virtually unchanged. Extensive lysine losses occurred.7. It was concluded that losses of tryptophan during food processing and storage are small and of only minor nutritional importance, especially when compared with much larger losses of lysine and the more extensive oxidation of methionine.

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