TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HOLM OAK STANDS IN CHETTABA FOREST (ALGERIA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrouki Alia ◽  
Kara Karima ◽  
Redjaimia Lilia ◽  
Rached-Kanouni Malika
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Good Stand

The forest of Chettaba is for ecotourism. Managed by the Forest Conservation of Constantine, this site is formed of several forestry species (hardwood and softwood) spread over an area of 3010 ha. The objective of this study is to estimate the viability of this site through the permanent monitoring of the current state of the forest including biodiversity and pressures. The collection of data related to it had recourse to a forest inventory and an inventory of pressures. The condition was assessed by analyzing these components. The various analyses conducted during this study revealed that the forest is subject to biotic and abiotic pressures and average viability. This is induced by a fairly good stand quality (PHF= 333), medium stability (S= 44.45), low mortality (MR = 4.16%) and good future potential (high regeneration rate (RR =231.25%). Grazing, fire and illegal logging are the most important pressures. Despite these pressures, the forest is classified as a viable ecosystem. However, these potentials are insufficient: it is necessary to reduce the pressures and reforest the degraded plots for better conservation of the ecosystem. To this end, the present study suggests management primarily through silvicultural interventions that promote the regeneration of the various species and to include a permanent ecological monitoring system.

The Current State and Future Potential of Virtual Worlds

2011 ◽  
pp. 2535-2543
Author(s):  
John M. Artz
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Potential

Virtual worlds, while not a new phenomenon, have come to the foreground of information technology in the past few years largely due to the growth of Second Life, a three dimensional, global virtual world that has captured the imagination of millions. This article provides some background on this virtual world phenomenon providing both a history and a classification of virtual world technology. It then focuses on Second Life discussing the application, technology, and social implications. Included in the discussion are some current initiatives such as the open source client and server projects and the implications of those initiatives. Finally, we provide some speculation on the future potential of virtual world technology as an extrapolation of the current trajectory.

ONTOLOGY LEARNING and the HUMANITIES

2011 ◽  
pp. 186-199
Author(s):  
Toby Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Ontology Learning ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential

This chapter reviews the current state of play in the use of ontologies in the humanities, with best-practice examples from selected disciplines. It looks at the specific domain problems faced by the humanities, and examines the various approaches currently being employed to construct, maintain, and develop humanities ontologies. The application of ontology learning in the humanities is discussed by reviewing a range of research projects in different disciplines. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the future potential of ontology learning in the humanities, and an attempt to set out a research agenda for this field.

Rural household participation in illegal timber felling in a protected area of West Sumatra, Indonesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONARIZA ◽  
EDWARD L. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Government

Illegal logging is a threat to tropical forests in protected areas, yet the factors motivating it need to be better understood. Here, rural household participation in timber felling in the Barisan I Nature Reserve (West Sumatra) was described, the household contextual factors relating to this participation analysed and the importance of these activities to the household income assessed. Nearly 19% of the sampled households cut or hauled timber in the Reserve, and the demand for cash encouraged participation. Alternative livelihoods such as livestock raising and agroforestry intensification outside the Reserve could reduce the need for timber felling. Knowledge about legal status of the Reserve did not affect the odds of a household engaging in timber harvesting, but greater awareness of the Reserve resulted in lower levels of income from timber. Development policy that seeks to provide livelihood alternatives to timber felling households could reduce dependence on timber and contribute to forest conservation in the Reserve. Moreover, conservation outcomes should improve if control over the protection and enforcement of the Reserve is co-managed between the government and the local communities.

Potential SNPs related to microspore culture in Raphanus sativus based on a single-marker analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Suk Chung ◽  
Yun Gyeong Lee ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Suhyoung Park ◽  
Min Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
High Regeneration

Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an economically important crop grown for its edible roots and leaves. It is a self-incompatible, outcrossing species, making the production of homozygous lines and the development of breeding populations difficult. However, this can be overcome with haploids production techniques using isolated microspores, providing the rapid production of homozygous lines for breeding. Thus, it would be useful to identify radishes with a high regeneration rate from microspore culture. In the current study, 96 radish cultivars or germplasms were evaluated for high regeneration rates. Also, a single-marker analysis (SMA) was applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with this trait using genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. The regeneration rate from microspore culture of 96 lines showed a wide range, from 0% to 269.5%. From the SMA, 52 markers were detected at a p value of 0.001 and a total of 11 physically nearby genes with high levels of similarity in various species were identified as candidates for high regeneration rates. This result could be used for clarifying the genetic basis underlying these traits and developing molecular markers associated with regeneration rates and would be beneficial for generating homozygous inbred lines.

A Call for a National Digitization Strategy in the United Kingdom

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bültmann
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk

This article calls for the creation of a national digitization strategy in the United Kingdom. It summarizes the author's research into the current state of digitization in the UK with reference to present strategy, direction and funding. The application of a defined strategy is contentious and the author considers arguments on both sides of the debate. The author argues however that digitization has ‘come of age’ and that it is essential that integration and harmonization of methods are considered by UK stakeholders in order to maximize future potential. The author proceeds to suggest what future steps are necessary to achieve this goal.

scholarly journals Automated Method for Delineating Harvested Stands Based on Harvester Location Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Timo Melkas ◽  
Kirsi Riekki ◽  
Juha-Antti Sorsa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Good Stand

The data produced by cut-to-length harvesters provide new large-scale data source for event-based update of national forest stand inventory by Finnish Forest Centre. This study aimed to automate geoprocessing, which generates delineations of operated areas from harvester location data. Automated algorithms were developed and tested with a dataset of 455 harvested objects, recorded during harvestings. In automated stand delineation, the location points are clustered, the stand points are identified and external strip roads are separated. Then, stand polygons are produced. To validate the results, automatic delineations were compared to 57 observed delineations from field measurements and aerial images. A detailed comparison method was developed to study the correspondence. Stand polygonization parameter was adjusted and areal correspondence with 1% error on average was obtained for stands over 0.75 ha. Good stand shape agreement was observed. Overall, the automated method worked well, and the operative stand delineations were found suitable for updating the forest inventory data. To modify the operative stands towards forest inventory stands, a balancing algorithm is introduced to create a solid, unique stand boundary between overlapping stands. This algorithm is beneficial for upkeep of stand networks. In addition, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) accuracy of the harvesters was examined and estimated numerically.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of In Vitro Cultured MAGNOLIASP. to Nutrient Medium Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossen S. Sokolov ◽  
Bistra Y. Atanassova ◽  
Elena T. Iakimova
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Primary Explants ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Basal Salts

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the regeneration response of in vitro cultured Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Alexandrina’ and Magnolia liliiflora ‘Nigra’ to nutrient medium composition. In the primary culture (initiated from dormant axillary buds) combinations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts with 6-benzylaminopurine and α-naphthaleneacetic acid were tested. The primary explants of cv. ‘Alexandrina’ expressed higher regeneration rate than cv. ‘Nigra’. For both species, the regen eration was most strongly potentiated at addition of 0.25 mg dm−3 of the cytokinin alone. The auxin exerted undesir–able effects. Several basal salts media were applied in proliferation stage and their physiological effects were evaluated in reference to traditionally used MS. At culturing on Chée & Pool C2d Vitis Medium (VM) that is for the first time introduced to magnolia and on MS, M. liliiflora formed more but less elongated shoots than M. soulangeana. However, on VM, substantial increase (25-30%) of the number of axillary shoots and leaves, shoot length and fresh and dry weights over MS was established for both species. This suggested VM as promising composition of nutrients in multiplication stage. Microshoots obtained on MS, VM, Rugini Olive Medium and DKW Juglans Medium were successfully rooted in vitro and subsequently established ex vitro. The findings expand the information on magnolia response to culture conditions and contribute to elaboration of innovative elements of protocols for establishing tissue cultures with high regeneration capacity.

scholarly journals Aging, computation, and the evolution of neural regeneration processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Ollé-Vila ◽  
Luís F Seoane ◽  
Ricard Solé
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Computational Error ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Extended Lifespan ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Systems Maintenance

Metazoans gather information from their environments and respond in predictable ways. These computational tasks are achieved with neural networks of varying complexity. Their performance must be reliable over an individual’s lifetime while dealing with the shorter lifespan of cells and connection failure – thus rendering aging a relevant feature. How do computations degrade over an organism’s lifespan? How reliable can they remain throughout? We tackle these questions with a multiobjective optimization approach. We demand that digital organisms equipped with neural networks solve a computational task reliably over an extended lifespan. Neural connections are costly (as an associated metabolism in living beings). They also degrade over time, but can be regenerated at some expense. We investigate the simultaneous minimization of both these costs and the computational error. Pareto optimal tradeoffs emerge with designs displaying a broad range of solutions: from small networks with high regeneration rate, to large, redundant circuits that regenerate slowly. The organism’s lifespan and the external damage act as evolutionary pressures. They improve the exploration of the space of solutions and impose tighter optimality constraints. Large damage rates can also constrain the space of possibilities, forcing the commitment of organisms to unique strategies for neural systems maintenance.

In vivo confocal microscopy for the oral cavity: Current state of the field and future potential

Oral Oncology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Maher ◽  
H. Collgros ◽  
P. Uribe ◽  
S. Ch’ng ◽  
M. Rajadhyaksha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
State Of The Field
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