Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Drava River ◽  
Scientific Project

This volume presents the results of the scientific project ‘Production of Iron Along the Drava River During Antiquity and Middle Ages: Creation and Transfer of Knowledge, Technology and Commodities - TransFER project (IP – 2016 - 06 - 5047)’ funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. The research presented explores the evidence for and nature of iron production in the lowland area of the central Drava River basin in Croatia during late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, from the turn of the 4th to the early 9th centuries. The wide-ranging methodology of the project features non-destructive archaeological site identification (surface survey and geophysics), archaeological excavation of sites with attested bloomery iron production and processing along with their associated dwelling and settlement structures, as well as experimental archaeology. The record of bloomery iron production and processing is explored via an interdisciplinary approach which examines the technology used as well as the natural resources (bog iron ores, wood and plant remains) exploited in the production process. The results of the research testify to the importance and longevity of iron production in the area of the Drava river valley.

The Spatial Database of the TransFER project

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Tena Karavidović
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Spatial Database ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Drava River

This paper presents basic objectives and methods used to design the spatial database within the project ‘Iron production along the Drava River in the Roman period and the Middle Ages: Creation and transfer of knowledge, technologies, and goods’ (TransFER), funded by the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-06-2016-5047). The database has been conceived and implemented to facilitate spatial analysis based on the objectives of the research into iron production along the Drava River in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The selected data has been made accessible to the external user via the project’s webpage in the form of a Web-GIS browser.

Archaeological Record of Iron Metallurgy Along the Drava River

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-91
Author(s):  
Tajana Sekelj Ivančan ◽  
Tena Karavidović
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Drava River ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Years of research in the region of Hrvatska Podravina, a lowland area of the lower Drava River basin, resulted in the discovery of more than 150 sites with traces of iron metallurgy visible on the surface. Systematic archaeological excavations on four sites have indicated that iron was being actively produced in this area using local resources during Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, from the 4th/5th century to the 8th/9th. Structures and formations interpreted through the archaeological record indicate that different activities or phases of the chain of operations were carried out within organized units, workshops for the production and/or processing of bloomery iron.

scholarly journals Srednjovjekovna jama K 12 s nalazišta Jalkovec - Police kod Varaždina

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Bekić
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Large River ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Iron Slag ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Drava River ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Northern Croatia

The archaeological site of Jalkovec − Police was discovered during construction along the route of the southwestern bypass for the city of Varaždin. Most of the finds were from the late Bronze Age, with some sporadic Roman finds. One damaged pit dated to the Middle Ages was also discovered. Police is the toponym for a gently elevated river bar located north of the Plitvica Stream and south of the Drava River. As throughout history this area was flooded and marshy, the settlements were usually located on similar slightly elevated positions. The partly excavated pit K 12 contained numerous pottery fragments, burnt animal bones, tiny pieces of charcoal, large river pebbles, a piece of iron slag, and a chipped piece of flint. Through C14 analysis, the pit was dated to 1111+54 cal AD. Through the analysis of the typological characteristics of the pottery fragments, the fill of the pit could truly be dated to the 11th-12th century transition, confirming the C14 dating. A considerable presence could be noted of decoration with a toothed wheel, which otherwise appears in the period from the 10th-14th centuries. The pottery production from this period is relatively unknown in Croatia, so the analysis of this pit is offered as a contribution to further research into the beginning of the High Middle Ages in northern Croatia.

The Archaeological Remains of Settlement at Sites with Smelting Workshop Features in the Podravina Region (Croatian Drava River Basin)

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-193
Author(s):  
Tajana Sekelj Ivančan
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
High Middle Ages ◽  
Drava River ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Small Finds ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Metallurgical Activities

This work presents the results of targeted archaeological excavations of settlement structures investigated at sites in the vicinity of Hlebine and Virje in the Croatian Drava River basin (Podravina region). These were the positions of Dedanovice and Velike Hlebine, along with Volarski Breg and Sušine, where earlier investigations had confirmed metallurgical activities connected to the processing and production of iron. On the basis of the analysis of fragments of pottery vessels, which itself is based on the morphological and technological characteristics of the collected pottery material, a determination was made of the chronological classification for the settlement units from which the pottery came, through the application of relative chronological methodology. The relative chronological image derived from the pottery vessels, supplemented by other small finds of objects of everyday usage, has been confirmed by absolute dating from charcoal samples from the same settlement units. This comprehensive analysis of the immobile and mobile material has confirmed the settlement of the vicinity of Virje and Hlebine during the period of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, or rather the period when intensive metallurgical activity was noted at these sites. Life was also documented as having existed at these sites during the earlier prehistoric period, as well, continuing into later periods, also during the High Middle Ages and early Modern periods, which indicates that this area, because of its natural and geographical features was considered favourable for settlement over the course of many centuries. Keywords: Hlebine, Virje, settlement features, pottery fragments, Late Antiquity, Middle Ages

scholarly journals Poliorcética, morfología edilicia y técnicas constructivas en el Tossal de la Vila, un recinto fortificado de época emiral en el extremo septentrional del Šarq al-Andalus

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Negre ◽  
Ferran Falomir ◽  
Marta Pérez-Polo ◽  
Gustau Aguilella
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Subject

Poliorcetics, architectural morphology and construction techniques at Tossal de la Vila, a fortified enclosure from the Emirate period in the northernmost end of Šarq al-AndalusThis work focuses on the first results from the systematic excavation of the Tossal de la Vila (Serra d’en Galceran, Castelló) archaeological site. This is, a hillfort build during the Emirate of al-Andalus in the intersection between the territories of Tortosa, Valencia and the Iberian System mountain ranges. Our case study is framed within the historiographic discussion on the subject of rocky and castellated settlements in this area set forth thirty years ago by André Bazzana. A debate that was largely enriched by several works pending the last years on the subject of hilly occupations between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. In that direction, we analyse here the architectural questions that have been raised by the recent archaeological works at the site. Specifically, we will try to systematise the different defensive solutions adopted on the design of the fort, as well as the diverse construction techniques used along the fortbuilding process.

Ildar Garipzanov, Caroline Goodson, and Henry Maguire, ed., Graphic Signs of Identity, Faith, and Power in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Cursor Mundi, 27, Turnhout: Brepols, 2017, xviii, 392 p., 141 ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-379
Author(s):  
Kriszta Kotsis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cursor Mundi ◽  
Definition Of

Late antique and early medieval graphic signs have traditionally been studied by narrowly focused specialists leading to the fragmentation and decontextualization of this important body of material. Therefore, the volume aims “to deepen interdisciplinary research on graphic signs” (7) of the third through tenth centuries, with contributions from archaeologists, historians, art historians, a philologist, and a paleographer. Ildar Garipzanov’s introduction defines the central terms (sign, symbol, graphicacy), calls for supplanting the text-image binary with “the concept of the visual-written continuum” (15), and argues that graphicacy was central to visual communication in this period. He emphasizes the agency of graphic signs and notes that their study can amplify our understanding of the definition of personal and group identity, the articulation of power, authority, and religious affiliation, and communication with the supernatural sphere.

The Stigmata in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Muessig
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
The Face ◽  
Biblical Commentaries

Francis of Assisi’s reported reception of the stigmata on Mount La Verna in 1224 is often considered to be the first account of an individual receiving the five wounds of Christ. The thirteenth-century appearance of this miracle, however, is not as unexpected as it first seems. Interpretations of Galatians 6:17—I bear the stigmata of the Lord Jesus Christ in my body—had been circulating in biblical commentaries since late antiquity. These works explained stigmata as wounds that martyrs received, like the apostle Paul, in their attempt to spread Christianity in the face of resistance. By the seventh century, stigmata were described as marks of Christ that priests received invisibly at their ordination. In the eleventh century, monks and nuns were perceived as bearing the stigmata in so far as they lived a life of renunciation out of love for Christ. By the later Middle Ages holy women like Catherine of Siena (d. 1380) were more frequently described as having stigmata than their male counterparts. With the religious upheavals of the sixteenth century, the way stigmata were defined reflected the diverse perceptions of Christianity held by Catholics and Protestants. This study traces the birth and evolution of religious stigmata as expressed in theological discussions and devotional practices in Western Europe from the early Middle Ages to the early seventeenth century. It also contains an introductory overview of the historiography of religious stigmata beginning in the second half of the seventeenth century to its treatment and assessment in the twenty-first century.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The concluding chapter highlights how the cultural history of graphic signs of authority in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages encapsulated the profound transformation of political culture in the Mediterranean and Europe from approximately the fourth to ninth centuries. It also reflects on the transcendent sources of authority in these historical periods, and the role of graphic signs in highlighting this connection. Finally, it warns that, despite the apparent dominant role of the sign of the cross and cruciform graphic devices in providing access to transcendent protection and support in ninth-century Western Europe, some people could still employ alternative graphic signs deriving from older occult traditions in their recourse to transcendent powers.

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