Normativität in praxeologischer Professionsforschung

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2021) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Inga Puester
Keyword(s):  
Normative Dimension

Praxeologische Professionsforschung steht vor der Herausforderung, einen normativen Standpunkt bezüglich empirisch vorgefundener Praktiken zu begründen. Die „praktische Diskursethik“ (Bohnsack 2020) ermöglicht zwar, normative Aussagen zur Angemessenheit von Diskursen zu treffen. Mit Bezug auf eine Studie zu Mentoringgesprächen über Englischunterricht wird argumentiert, dass es neben dieser diskursethischen Dimension eine fachlich-normative Dimension gibt, die bei der Untersuchung des Professionalisierungspotentials dieser Gespräche mitdiskutiert werden muss. Dies wird durch die vergleichende dokumentarische Interpretation zweier Fälle untermauert. In der Diskussion der Ergebnisse wird ein Weg zur Entfaltung einer solchen fachdidaktisch- normativen Perspektive aufgezeigt: Empirisch erweist sich die Frage, wie „die Sache“ (Helsper 2016), hier also Gegenstände und Ziele des Englischunterrichts, in unterschiedlichen Fällen konzeptualisiert wird, als fachdidaktische Kernfrage, anhand derer Aussagen zur fachdidaktischen Angemessenheit der Mentoringgespräche – und damit zu ihrer potentiellen (de)professionalisierenden Wirkung – getroffen werden können. Zugleich wird jedoch auch reflektiert, mit welchen Herausforderungen das Entfalten einer solchen fachdidaktischen Norm verbunden ist.

scholarly journals Reference without anaphora: on agency through grammar

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase Wesley Raymond ◽  
Rebecca Clift ◽  
John Heritage
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Subsequent Reference ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Referential Expressions ◽  
Deontic Authority

Abstract In this article, we investigate a puzzle for standard accounts of reference in natural language processing, psycholinguistics and pragmatics: occasions where, following an initial reference (e.g., the ice), a subsequent reference is achieved using the same noun phrase (i.e., the ice), as opposed to an anaphoric form (i.e., it). We argue that such non-anaphoric reference can be understood as motivated by a central principle: the expression of agency in interaction. In developing this claim, we draw upon research in what may initially appear a wholly unconnected domain: the marking of epistemic and deontic stance, standardly investigated in linguistics as turn-level grammatical phenomena. Examination of naturally-occurring talk reveals that to analyze such stances solely though the lens of turn-level resources (e.g., modals) is to address only partially the means by which participants make epistemic and deontic claims in everyday discourse. Speakers’ use of referential expressions illustrates a normative dimension of grammar that incorporates both form and position, thereby affording speakers the ability to actively depart from this form-position norm through the use of a repeated NP, a grammatical practice that we show is associated with the expression of epistemic and deontic authority. It is argued that interactants can thus be seen to be agentively mobilizing the resources of grammar to accommodate the inescapable temporality of interaction.

Monitoring, browsing and being aware – Keeping abreast and staying updated with professional information in Swedish regional libraries

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110429
Author(s):  
Ola Pilerot
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Professional Information ◽  
Study Participants

A substantial part of the work conducted by librarians at Swedish regional libraries concerns staying alert and informed in ways that allow for continuous development of the kind of knowledge and abilities that are required for doing a qualified job, but this part of the work is elusive and hard to identify. This paper presents an empirical study that elucidates this specific kind of work of keeping abreast and updated with professional information. Empirical data were produced through interviews and logbooks with 10 members of staff at 4 regional libraries in Sweden. The data were analysed by employing Marcia Bates’ model of different information-seeking modes. The results of the study show that the activity in focus is seamlessly intertwined with other work activities and enacted in a variety of ways that are adapted after other work tasks (than the information seeking in itself) and dependent on individual preferences and routines. Since there is a certain conception of this activity as something that should be carried out in a certain systematic way and since it is something that one as a librarian ought to be good at, it is furthermore often associated with a normative dimension that provokes a sense of guilt among the study participants.

A Moderately Pessimistic Perspective on “Cooperative Naturalism”

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Davies
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Epistemic Value ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Film Experience ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Murray Smith’s plea for a “cooperative naturalism” that adopts a “triangulational” approach to issues in film studies is both timely and well-defended. I raise three concerns, however: one is external, relating to this strategy’s limitations, and two are internal, relating to Smith’s application of the strategy. While triangulation seems appropriate when we ask about the nature of film experience, other philosophical questions about film have an ineliminable normative dimension that triangulation cannot address. Empirically informed philosophical reflection upon the arts must be “moderately pessimistic” in recognizing this fact. The internal concerns relate to Smith’s claims about the value and neurological basis of cinematic empathy. First, while empathy plays a central role in film experience, I argue that its neurological underpinnings fail to support the epistemic value he ascribes to it. Second, I question Smith’s reliance, in triangulating, upon the work of the Parma school on “mirror neurons.”

Reimagining the cartographic nation: In praise of risk taking

2021 ◽  
pp. 204382062110445
Author(s):  
Valentina Carraro
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Eve Sedgwick ◽  
Positive Social Change ◽  
Normative Dimension

I read Rossetto and Lo Presti's article, ‘Reimagining the National Map’, as an invitation to develop what I call, following Eve Sedgwick, a reparative study of national cartographies. In this commentary, I enthusiastically support their call but also argue for the need to move from an appreciation of maps’ fundamental instability to a more daring engagement with the normative dimension of national mapping. Like many scholars working from a post-representational perspective, Rossetto and Lo Presti associate the fundamental dynamism and contingency of maps with (potential) positive social change and, more specifically, the development of multicultural national imaginaries. I suggest that these associations deserve further scrutiny and argue that change and ‘everydayness’ may offer a starting point, but not a basis for progressive national mappings. Finally, drawing on the thought-provoking examples presented by Rossetto and Lo Presti, I reflect on what principles and practices could guide a progressive national cartography of Italy in 2021.

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-109
Author(s):  
Stefano Predelli
Keyword(s):  
Actual Truth ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Sentential Operator ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents a Radical Fictionalist analysis of talk about fiction, as in my utterances of ‘Fahrquhar was a well to do planter’ or of ‘according to Bierce’s Occurrence, Fahrquhar was a well to do planter’. According to this chapter’s favourite approach, namely the Way of Retelling, the former sentence does not encode a proposition, and the latter does not involve a sentential operator. The central sections of this chapter justify the sense in which these sentences are not in the business of truth, and are rather to be assessed according to the normative dimension of faithfulness. The final sections of this chapter present an alternative to the Way of Retelling, namely the Way of Truth. This hypothesis remains consistent with the premises of Radical Fictionalism, but it satisfies those who insist that fiction talk is to be analysed as elliptical talk concerned with actual truth.

s.IV Crimes, Ch.13 A Theory of International Crimes: Conceptual and Normative Issues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chehtman Alejandro
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Political Community ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
National Authority ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Normative Issues ◽  
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

The quest for a unified account of international criminalization is an important part of a compelling general theory of international criminal law (ICL). Any such account would need to have a conceptual and a normative dimension. This chapter addresses these two dimensions in turn. At a conceptual level, it argues that international crimes are criminal prohibitions provided under international law that apply globally. This entails, first, that perpetrators of these crimes can be brought to justice by any national authority as well as by international and regional tribunals with no traditional connection to the crime, the perpetrators, or the victims. Second, that they can be brought to justice on the basis of international law alone, irrespective of the specific legislation of any national authority allowing or even mandating such conduct. At a normative level, it argues that international crimes must be justified before the affected political community within which they take place. Ultimately, extraterritorial jurisdiction over them is based on the fact that international criminalization contributes to the well-being of individuals in different parts of the world by communicating that they are the bearers of fundamental legal rights and that those rights are protected by international law. This symbolic function is particularly important because international crimes are perpetrated, instigated, or allowed by the state within which they are perpetrated, or this state cannot do anything about them. ICL thus provides individuals an important benefit that domestic criminal justice systems cannot provide on their own.

Fixing Testadura’s Error

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
William P. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Normative Dimension

Chapter 8 returns to the puzzle of locating art. It explores a range of case studies which demonstrate how categorizing an artwork guides attention and shapes perception. The discussion thereby demonstrates that knowledge of normative conventions governing artistic appreciation shapes the perception of artworks. The psychology and neuroscience of perception can be used to model and explain these processes. The diagnostic recognition framework for engaging art therefore obviates the common perceptual mechanisms, dissolves the normative dimension of appreciation arguments, and points toward a resolution of the puzzle of locating art.

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