scholarly journals Analysis of Minimax Algorithm Using Tic-Tac-Toe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swaminathan B ◽  
Vaishali R ◽  
subashri T S R
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Repetitive Work ◽  
Computer Chess ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
Game Developers ◽  
Chess Players ◽  
Intensive Work

The game industry has been on exponential growth, has different businesses of varying size, ethos, scope and beyond. Success of these video-games comes from a lot of labor-intensive work by developers. Every little nuance of each character, the objects within a character’s environment must be hand-coded. Repetitive work takes up a significant part of development time, which leads to an increase in glitches and logical flaws. Artificial intelligence has been used to simulate human players in software games, provides an opportunity for game developers to create unique experiences and different outcomes for each player. Computer chess players are well-known examples, wherein modern chess programs are trained to defeat best human players. AI based algorithms that can be implemented for games, but a need for optimal solutions is on a rise. We require a comparative analysis of multiple algorithms for understanding the most efficient and ideal one. In our work, through use of a game Tic-Tac-Toe various algorithms will be carried out with its prototype compared in terms of effective rate and optimality.

Artificial Intelligence in Games Evolution

2011 ◽  
pp. 98-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murillo Guimarães Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Game Development ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Game Developers

The growth of the game industry shows a great market to be conquered. However the gaming business now has consumers more demanding and hungry for quality games, not just graphics, but also related to more gameplay and challenge. This chapter provides an overview over a large area that is increasingly explored by game developers, the artificial intelligence (AI). The main goal is to highlight the main reasons that make the great investors fascinated to use AI techniques in games. Indeed, a new paradigm of game began to be defined and introducing it is also the mission of this chapter. As a final goal is intended that this material can be a source of learning and encouragement for beginners on game development and even for the curious and amateurs about the subject.

Variations on a Theme by a Rogue A.I.: Music, Gameplay, and Storytelling in Portal 2 (Part 1 of 2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Reale
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Theme And Variations ◽  
Scientific Experimentation ◽  
Game Developers ◽  
Variations On A Theme

This two-video series explores how the scoring to the video game Portal 2, published by Valve Corporation, not only helps tell the game’s story, but also comments on the game developers’ philosophy of puzzle design. The first video explores how the game’s title theme 9999999, including its texture, voice leadings, and chord qualities, musically enacts dual aspects of the character of the game’s central antagonist GlaDOS: once human, her personality was uploaded into a computer mainframe where she has become a sociopathic, homicidal artificial intelligence who takes delight in subjecting humans to hazardous scientific experimentation. The second video demonstrates that 9999999 serves as the theme for a set of double variations in the game’s middle act. Since Valve’s philosophy of player training centers on iterative puzzle-design that systematically increase in complexity, and the musical accompaniments for these puzzles feature coordinated developments in musical complexity, the scoring here lets us parse the puzzle design into a kind of set of gameplay theme-and-variations.

scholarly journals The Presence of Female Designers in French Video Game Industry, 1985–1993

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Video Game ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Video Game Industry ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
Everyday Experiences ◽  
Game Developers

Increasingly, more people do notice that female designers wrote their first games in the 1970s and 1980s. However, there was another country where women did also design games decades before the #GamerGate movement. This article examines the selected works of three French designers: Clotilde Marion, Chine Lanzmann, and Muriel Tramis. The analysis of those games took into account the self-representation of those designers—and women in general—within the game content. The conducted research has proven that within their games, Marion, Lanzmann, and Tramis included their everyday experiences as women. Using such techniques as simulated point of view and authorial signature, those women indicated their own role in the development and showed how females in general face male oppression against them. This means that the United States is not the only country with a long tradition of female game developers. Thus, video game history remains an undiscovered research field.

scholarly journals Deep Blue Cannot Play Checkers: The Need for Generalized Intelligence for Mobile Robots

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy D. Kelley ◽  
Lyle N. Long
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
System Of Systems ◽  
Chess Player ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
And Task

Generalized intelligence is much more difficult than originally anticipated when Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first introduced in the early 1960s. Deep Blue, the chess playing supercomputer, was developed to defeat the top rated human chess player and successfully did so by defeating Gary Kasporov in 1997. However, Deep Blue only played chess; it did not play checkers, or any other games. Other examples of AI programs which learned and played games were successful at specific tasks, but generalizing the learned behavior to other domains was not attempted. So the question remains: Why is generalized intelligence so difficult? If complex tasks require a significant amount of development, time and task generalization is not easily accomplished, then a significant amount of effort is going to be required to develop an intelligent system. This approach will require a system of systems approach that uses many AI techniques: neural networks, fuzzy logic, and cognitive architectures.

scholarly journals The Influence of Rewards on Games Flow, Challenge, and Its Effects Towards the Engagement of Malaysian Digital Traditional Games

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2(SI)) ◽  
pp. 0534
Author(s):  
ChePa Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
Game Developers

Games engagement has become one of the main concerns in game industry. Early study revealed that Malaysian digital traditional games are suffering with the same issue due to several factors. One of it is the lack of the game itself. Although many Malaysian traditional games have been digitized, none of them has incorporated rewards despite its importance in games engagement. Realizing the importance of rewards in games engagement, one of Malaysian traditional Congkak has been chosen to be enhanced by incorporating rewards. Experiments have been conducted among 50 gamers among the Millennials. Prior interview, game demo and human test are conducted. Experiments focused on the influence of rewards on games flow, games challenge, and its effects which covers both positive and negative effects through four hypotheses. Findings show that three hypotheses are supported by the experiments thus suggested that rewards have significant influence on the measured constructs. The findings can be useful to new psychologists to obtain more understanding pertaining to games engagement through some experiments of rewards in traditional games. Ideas of incorporating rewards in digital traditional games can useful and beneficial to game developers in attracting gamer and make them hooked to the games.

scholarly journals By two: A two-dimensional mobile game model for novice developers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Abdallah Qusef ◽  
Abdallah Ayasreh ◽  
Adnan Shaout ◽  
Muhanna Muhanna
Keyword(s):  
Game Design ◽  
Game Development ◽  
Mobile Game ◽  
Game Features ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Game Developers ◽  
Beta Testing ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this research was to discuss the processes and challenges encountered in the creation of mobile games for both Android and iOS platforms, which would help the novice game developers to enter the big world of mobile game industry. We highlighted each phase of the mobile game development. These involved suggestions on efficient brainstorming of ideas, proper selection of game engine, game design, number and type of pages, creation of levels, and distribution of complexity across the game level. In addition, other factors were considered such as the creation of User Interface and User Experience (UI/UX) as well as definition of the screen object’s sizes and positions that would be suitable in all mobile devices. The importance of agile cycles of alpha and beta testing was also discussed, particularly its influence on the enhancement of game features. However, a successful game is recognized based on its earnings. Hence, a guide on how to properly market the game was also included. A model game called “By Two” was used in this study to illustrate and explain the steps in detail.

How Does Games Critique Impact Game Design Decisions? A Case Study of Monetization and Loot Boxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1025
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Video Game Industry ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
Pragmatic Sociology ◽  
Game Developers

Games critics arguably influence the form games take, identities of players, and identities of game developers. However, very little work in Game Studies examines how critical games journalism, games, developers, and independent actors intersect. This article argues that pragmatic sociology of critique, developed by Luc Boltanski, can act as a theoretical framework to aid in understanding these processes of critique. Utilizing a theoretical lens such as this helps us better understand the function of games critique within the video game industry. Applying this framework to a case study of monetization and “loot boxes,” this article emphasizes the role and power of journalistic critique in shaping gaming cultures, and the consumption and production of media more generally.

EXPLORATION VS. EXPLOITATION AND HOW VIDEO GAME DEVELOPERS ARE ABLE TO COMBINE THE TWO

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650045
Author(s):  
BJÖRN REMNELAND WIKHAMN ◽  
ALEXANDER STYHRE ◽  
JAN LJUNGBERG ◽  
ANNA MARIA SZCZEPANSKA
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Game Development ◽  
Video Game Industry ◽  
Video Game Development ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
Game Developers ◽  
Suitable Case

This paper reports an in-depth qualitative study about innovation work in the Swedish video game industry. More specifically, it focuses on how video game developers are building ambidextrous capabilities to simultaneously addressing explorative and exploitative activities. The Swedish video game industry is a particularly suitable case to analyze ambidexterity, due to it’s extreme market success and continuous ability to adapt to shifts in technologies and demands. Based on the empirical data, three ambidextrous capabilities are pointed out as particularly valuable for video game developers; (1) the ability to separate between a creative work climate and the effectiveness in project organizing; (2) the balancing of inward and outward ideation influences, and (3) the diversity in operational means and knowledge paired with shared goals and motivations, derived from the love of video games and video game development.

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