Development of margination of platelet-sized particles in red blood cell suspensions flowing through Y-shaped bifurcating microchannels

Biorheology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Masako Sugihara-Seki ◽  
Tenki Onozawa ◽  
Nozomi Takinouchi ◽  
Tomoaki Itano ◽  
Junji Seki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Asymmetric Distributions ◽  
Cell Free Layer

BACKGROUND: In the blood flow through microvessels, platelets exhibit enhanced concentrations in the layer free of red blood cells (cell-free layer) adjacent to the vessel wall. The motion of platelets in the cell-free layer plays an essential role in their interaction with the vessel wall, and hence it affects their functions of hemostasis and thrombosis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the diffusivity of platelet-sized particles in the transverse direction (the direction of vorticity) across the channel width in the cell-free layer by in vitro experiments for the microchannel flow of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions containing platelet-sized particles. METHODS: Fluorescence microscope observations were performed to measure the transverse distribution of spherical particles immersed in RBC suspensions flowing through a Y-shaped bifurcating microchannel. We examined the development of the particle concentration profiles along the flow direction in the daughter channels, starting from asymmetric distributions with low concentrations on the inner side of the bifurcation at the inlet of the daughter channels. RESULTS: In daughter channels of 40 μm width, reconstruction of particle margination revealed that a symmetric concentration profile was attained in ∼30 mm from the bifurcation, independent of flow rate. CONCLUSIONS: We presented experimental evidence of particle margination developing in a bifurcating flow channel where the diffusivity of 2.9-μm diameter particles was estimated to be ∼40 μm2/s at a shear rate of 1000 s−1 and hematocrit of 0.2.

Analysis of mechanisms for platelet near-wall excess under arterial blood flow conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 676 ◽  
pp. 348-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. CROWL ◽  
A. L. FOGELSON
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Cell Free Layer ◽  
Near Wall

The concentration of platelets near the blood vessel wall is important because platelets survey the condition of the vessel wall and respond to injuries to it. Under arterial flow conditions, platelets are non-uniformly distributed across the vessel lumen and have a high concentration within a few microns of the vessel wall. This is believed to be a consequence of the complex motion of red blood cells which constitute a large fraction of the blood's volume. We use a novel lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method to simulate, in two dimensions, the motion of dense red blood cell suspensions and their effect on platelet-sized particles. We track the development of a red blood cell-free layer near the wall and the later development of the platelet near-wall excess. We find that the latter develops more quickly at high wall shear rates and that the magnitude of the excess and its proximity to the wall are dependent on haematocrit. Treating the simulation data as if it were generated by a drift–diffusion process, we find that the effective lateral platelet diffusivity depends strongly on lateral position; it has a magnitude of order of 10−6 cm2 s−1 over much of the lumen but drops to almost zero close to the wall. This large effective diffusivity over the core of the lumen combined with reduced space for platelets in this region because of the inward migration of red blood cells largely but not completely accounts for the observed platelet-concentration profiles. We present evidence for a highly localized red blood cell-induced platelet drift at the edge of the red cell-free layer and suggest a physical mechanism that may generate it.

scholarly journals Effect of Cytoplasmic Viscosity on Red Blood Cell Migration in Small Arteriole-level Confinements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Saadat ◽  
Christopher J. Guido ◽  
Eric S. G. Shaqfeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Channel Size ◽  
Viscosity Contrast ◽  
Cell Free Layer

The dynamics of red blood cells in small arterioles are important as these dynamics affect many physiological processes such as hemostasis and thrombosis. However, studying red blood cell flows via computer simulations is challenging due to the complex shapes and the non-trivial viscosity contrast of a red blood cell. To date, little progress has been made studying small arteriole flows (20-40μm) with a hematocrit (red blood cell volume fraction) of 10-20% and a physiological viscosity contrast. In this work, we present the results of large-scale simulations that show how the channel size, viscosity contrast of the red blood cells, and hematocrit affect cell distributions and the cell-free layer in these systems. We utilize a massively-parallel immersed boundary code coupled to a finite volume solver to capture the particle resolved physics. We show that channel size qualitatively changes how the cells distribute in the channel. Our results also indicate that at a hematocrit of 10% that the viscosity contrast is not negligible when calculating the cell free layer thickness. We explain this result by comparing lift and collision trajectories of cells at different viscosity contrasts.

scholarly journals Effect of erythrocyte aggregation and flow rate on cell-free layer formation in arterioles

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. H1870-H1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Kai Ong ◽  
Bumseok Namgung ◽  
Paul C. Johnson ◽  
Sangho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Red Blood Cell Aggregation ◽  
Cell Free Layer

Formation of a cell-free layer is an important dynamic feature of microcirculatory blood flow, which can be influenced by rheological parameters, such as red blood cell aggregation and flow rate. In this study, we investigate the effect of these two rheological parameters on cell-free layer characteristics in the arterioles (20–60 μm inner diameter). For the first time, we provide here the detailed temporal information of the arteriolar cell-free layer in various rheological conditions to better describe the characteristics of the layer variation. The rat cremaster muscle was used to visualize arteriolar flows, and the extent of aggregation was raised by dextran 500 infusion to levels seen in normal human blood. Our results show that cell-free layer formation in the arterioles is enhanced by a combination of flow reduction and red blood cell aggregation. A positive relation ( P < 0.005) was found between mean cell-free layer widths and their corresponding SDs for all conditions. An analysis of the frequency and magnitudes of cell-free layer variation from their mean value revealed that the layer deviated with significantly larger magnitudes into the red blood cell core after flow reduction and dextran infusion ( P < 0.05). In accordance, the disparity of cell-free layer width distribution found in opposite radial directions from its mean became greater with aggregation in reduced flow conditions. This study shows that the cell-free layer width in arterioles is dependent on both flow rate and red blood cell aggregability, and that the temporal variations in width are asymmetric with a greater excursion into the red blood cell core than toward the vessel wall.

Investigation of the Free and Total Thyroxine-binding Capacity of Plasma Proteins in Thyroid Disorders

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
József Takó ◽  
János Fischer ◽  
Jusztina Juhász ◽  
Ilona Sztraka ◽  
István Kapus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Total Thyroxine

SummaryThe results of thyroid function tests have been compared with data on the thyroxine-binding capacity of plasma proteins in hyper-, hypo- and euthyroid cases, the latter including women taking oral contraceptives (Infecundin). It was found that there exists a significant correlation of exponential nature between the in vitro red blood cell 125I-triiodothyronine uptake (RCU) and the free thyroxine-binding capacity of the thyroxine-inding globulin (TBG).

Patents on Red Blood Cell Manufacturing In Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Laurence Guyonneau-Harmand ◽  
Luc Douay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Manufacturing

In vitro effects of temperature on red blood cell deformability and membrane stability in human and various vertebrate species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adam Attila Matrai ◽  
Gabor Varga ◽  
Bence Tanczos ◽  
Barbara Barath ◽  
Adam Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Way ◽  
Rbc Deformability

BACKGROUND: The effects of temperature on micro-rheological variables have not been completely revealed yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate micro-rheological effects of heat treatment in human, rat, dog, and porcine blood samples. METHODS: Red blood cell (RBC) - buffer suspensions were prepared and immersed in a 37, 40, and 43°C heat-controlled water bath for 10 minutes. Deformability, as well as mechanical stability of RBCs were measured in ektacytometer. These tests were also examined in whole blood samples at various temperatures, gradually between 37 and 45°C in the ektacytometer. RESULTS: RBC deformability significantly worsened in the samples treated at 40 and 43°C degrees, more expressed in human, porcine, rat, and in smaller degree in canine samples. The way of heating (incubation vs. ektacytometer temperation) and the composition of the sample (RBC-PBS suspension or whole blood) resulted in the different magnitude of RBC deformability deterioration. Heating affected RBC membrane (mechanical) stability, showing controversial alterations. CONCLUSION: Significant changes occur in RBC deformability by increasing temperature, showing inter-species differences. The magnitude of alterations is depending on the way of heating and the composition of the sample. The results may contribute to better understanding the micro-rheological deterioration in hyperthermia or fever.

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