Does the level of effort during resistance training influence arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young healthy adults?

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular response to resistance training is influenced by different variables such as intensity and volume. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of resistance training sessions differing in level of effort on blood pressure and arterial stiffness. METHODS: Thirty-two men performed 3 sets at 75% of 1-RM during the bench press and squat exercises to failure (n= 16; high-effort group), or performing half of the maximum possible number of repetitions per set (n= 16; low-effort group). Blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], and mean arterial pressure [MAP]) and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) were measured before training (Pre), immediately after training (Post 1), 5 minutes after training (Post 2), and 24 hours after training (Post 3). RESULTS: A main effect of time (p⩽ 0.012) was observed for all variables due to higher values at Post 1 compared to Post 2 (effect size [ES] range: 0.34–1.37) and Post 3 (ES range: 0.37–0.92). When compared to Pre, increases higher than a ES of 0.20 were observed for the high-effort group compared to the low-effort group at all time points. CONCLUSIONS: Training to failure should be discouraged to avoid acute increases in blood pressure and arterial stiffness.

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Pulse wave velocity and blood pressure in athletes performing endurance and intense resistance training

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2716 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

D Said Ouamer ◽

M.K Guerchani Mohamed Karim ◽

D Djermane ◽

S Benkhedda

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Funding Source ◽

Blood Pressures ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background There have been contradictory reports regarding the impact of intense resistance exercise on arterial stiffness. We examined the effects of long-term endurance training and intense resistance training on central hemodynamic in athletes compared with healthy sedentary controls. Purpose We hypothesized that young adults participating in endurance sports would have decreased arterial stiffness, whereas those participating in intense resistance sports would have increased arterial stiffness. Methods One hundred thirty participants (20–30 years) including 46 intense resistance trained athletes (IRTA) (weight-lifters), 42 endurance trained athletes (ETA) (long and mid-long distance runners) and 42 sedentary individuals (SED) were investigated by aplanation tonometry and pulse wave analysis; aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured. Differences were tested by analysis of variance, covariance and multiple linear regressions after adjustment for confounders. The t-test and chi-square test were used to compare the different parameters studied between men and women. The difference between the types of sport in the female subgroup was tested by the Kruskall Wallis test. Quantitative data were expressed as means ±standard deviation or median Results There were no differences among all 3 groups regarding age, height, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Anthropometrics were higher in IRTA compared to ETA. Heart rates at rest and augmentation index were lower in trained participants than in sedentary individuals. Brachial and aortic blood pressures were lower in ETA compared to IRTA. Aortic PWV was significantly lower (p<0.05) in ETA (mean ±SD: 5.58±1.00 m/s) compared to IRTA (7.06±0.87 m/s) and SED (7.18±1.06 m/s). The results of the statistical analysis in female subjects in the different groups were comparable to those found in men. A subgroup analysis comparing women and men found comparable results for PWV, but women had higher HR at rest and lower brachial and central blood pressures compared to men. After multiple regression analysis, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remained the only hemodynamic parameter correlated to PWV, whatever the group. Conclusion Aortic stiffness is influenced by exercise modalities since ETA had better PWV than IRTA in both sexes. DBP is an important determinant and potential mediator of arterial stiffening in young adults. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): No funding sources

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Resistance training in men is associated with increased arterial stiffness and blood pressure but does not adversely affect endothelial function as measured by arterial reactivity to the cold pressor test

Experimental Physiology ◽

10.1113/expphysiol.2007.039867 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 296-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Hiroshi Kawano ◽

Michiya Tanimoto ◽

Kenta Yamamoto ◽

Kiyoshi Sanada ◽

Yuko Gando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Cold Pressor Test ◽

Cold Pressor ◽

Pressor Test ◽

Arterial Reactivity

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Arterial Stiffness, Pulse Wave Analyses: What Can't Blood Pressure Tell you in Chronic Kidney Disease

Current Hypertension Reviews ◽

10.2174/157340212804546152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 244-249

Author(s):

Antonio Bellasi ◽

Paolo Salvi ◽

Sergio Papagni ◽

Emiliana Ferramosca ◽

Carlo Ratti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave

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The Emergence of Ambulatory Measurement of Arterial Stiffness and Central Blood Pressure. A Promising Novelty of Clinical Importance or Just Another Marker?

The Open Hypertension Journal ◽

10.2174/1876526201305010082 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 82-86

Author(s):

A. Lazaridis ◽

E. Gkaliagkousi ◽

M. Doumas ◽

A. Reklou ◽

A. Karagiannis

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Integrated Assessment ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Brachial Blood Pressure ◽

Ambulatory Measurement ◽

The Everyday

Whereas brachial blood pressure (BP) is still considered the gold standard for the estimation of cardiovascular risk in all clinical trials and guidelines, scientific interest is shifting towards central hemodynamics and the scientific community is experiencing a whole new revolution with the emergence of novel cardiovascular markers such as the ambulatory measurement of central BP and arterial stiffness. Central BP has already started to demonstrate its superiority over peripheral BP as a better and more reliable predictor of end-organ damage in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, ambulatory measurement of central BP and pulse wave velocity are expected to add much more useful information towards a more integrated assessment of cardiovascular risk and profile. However, more research is required before these novel markers could be incorporated in the everyday practice of BP measurement.

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Volume status and arterial blood pressures are associated with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/0391398818778212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 378-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alper Erdan ◽

Abdullah Ozkok ◽

Nadir Alpay ◽

Vakur Akkaya ◽

Alaattin Yildiz

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Mean Blood Pressure ◽

Aortic Blood ◽

Aortic Blood Pressure

Background: Arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible relations of arterial stiffness with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis and aortic blood pressure parameters. Also, effects of a single hemodialysis session on these parameters were studied. Methods: A total of 75 hemodialysis patients (M/F: 43/32; mean age: 53 ± 17) were enrolled. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure were measured by applanation tonometry before and after hemodialysis. Extracellular fluid and total body fluid volumes were determined by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (9.30 ± 3.30 vs 7.59 ± 2.66 m/s, p < 0.001), augmentation index (24.52 ± 9.42 vs 20.28 ± 10.19, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (38 ± 14 vs 29 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with age (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), peripheral mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.10, p = 0.005), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), and extracellular fluid/total body fluid (r2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Pre-dialysis augmentation index was associated with total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0,02), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Δcarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02) and inversely correlated with baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Pre-dialysis Δaugmentation index was significantly associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.009) and Δaortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03) and inversely associated with baseline augmentation index (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) to determine the factors predicting Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, extracellular fluid/total body fluid and peripheral mean blood pressure significantly predicted Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Arterial stiffness was associated with both peripheral and aortic blood pressure. Furthermore, reduction in arterial stiffness parameters was related to reduction in aortic blood pressure. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis. Volume control may improve not only the aortic blood pressure measurements but also arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients.

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Abstract 152: John Henryism Active Coping, Blood Pressure, and Arterial Stiffness in Korean Americans

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeongok G Logan ◽

Debra J Barksdale ◽

John Carlson

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Korean Americans ◽

John Henryism ◽

Education Group ◽

Main Effect ◽

Low Education

Introduction It is well known that blood pressure (BP) is inversely related to socioeconomic status (SES). John Henryism Active Coping (JHAC) is defined as a strong behavioral predisposition to cope with psychosocial stressors in an active and determined manner, and has been used to explain cardiovascular disparity in African Americans. According to JHAC hypothesis, the inverse relationship between cardiovascular risk and SES is more prominent for the individuals with high JHAC. High levels of psychological stress and high prevalence of hypertension (32%) have been reported in Korean Americans (KAs). Purpose The study was conducted to examine the main effects and the interaction effect of SES and JHAC on cardiovascular risk (measured by BP and arterial stiffness) in KAs. Methods Sample - 102 KAs (aged 21-60 years, 60% women) Measures - Age, gender, BMI, SES (measured by education and income), JHAC(measured by the 12-item JHAC Scale), BP, Arterial stiffness (measured by carotid and femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV]) Data Analysis - Two way factorial ANOVA and Duncan’s test by SAS 9.2. Results SBP (p=.03) and DBP (p=.01) were significantly higher in the low education group. The interaction effect of education and JHAC on SBP was significant (p=0.02), indicating that the education effect on SBP was greater in the low JHAC group. The main effect of education on PWV was not significant (p=0.64). However, the JHAC had a significant main effect on PWV (p=0.02), showing that the group with low JHAC score had higher PWV than the group with high JHAC. The interaction between education and JHAC on PWV was also significant (p=0.02), thus the effect of JHAC on PWV was greater in the low education group. Discussion The results demonstrated that the inverse relationship between education and cardiovascular measures was more severe in the low JHAC group, contrary to JHAC hypothesis. Furthermore, arterial stiffness, an important biomarker of cardiovascular disease, was predicted by JHAC, but not by education, showing the subjects with low JHAC had significantly higher arterial stiffness. This phenomenon was also more prominent in the subjects with low education. The findings suggest that JHAC has beneficial effect on cardiovascular health in KAs.

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Comparative analysis of central aortic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and other indicators of arterial stiffness in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases in Indian population

10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa3642 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jyoti Bajpai ◽

Surya Kant ◽

Akshyaya Pradhan ◽

Ajay Verma ◽

Darshan Bajaj

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Indian Population ◽

Pressure Pulse ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Pulmonary Diseases ◽

Aortic Blood ◽

Aortic Blood Pressure ◽

Central Aortic Blood Pressure

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Abstract P216: Elevated Blood Glutathione Does Not Reduce Arterial Stiffness or Central Blood Pressure in Healthy Males and Females

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Brianna K Bruggeman ◽

Katharine E Storo ◽

Haley M Fair ◽

Andrew J Wommack ◽

James M Smoliga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Central Blood Pressure ◽

Future Research ◽

Double Blind ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Males And Females ◽

Healthy Males

Intro: Glutathione is endogenous within human plasma, erythrocyte lysate and is also bound to the protein within plasma. Glutathione mediates redox chemistry and prevents oxidative damage within and around cellular components via reduction of reactive species (e.g. reactive oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur species). Polyphenols and antioxidants have been shown to improve NO bioavailability which may reduce long term incidence of endothelial dysfunction. Less is known about whether changes in antioxidant capacity augments the risk of developing hypertension. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that acute glutathione supplementation would decrease arterial stiffness and reduce both brachial (bBP) and central blood pressure (cBP) in healthy male and female volunteers. Methods: Six males and six females (25 ± 3 and 22 ± 1 years, respectively) participated in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover protocol. On two visits separated by 1 week, following a 12-hour fast, participants consumed either a placebo or glutathione (negligible and 200 mg, respectively) supplement via 90 second sublingual absorption which was then swallowed. Concentrations of oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were spectrophotometrically measured in plasma (protein-bound) and erythrocyte lysate using a kinetic, enzymatic assay. Arterial stiffness was measured via pulse wave velocity (PWV) using applanation tonometry, and cBP was determined non-invasively using pulse wave analysis. All data were recorded before supplementation (baseline) and at 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post-consumption. Results: Linear mixed effect models revealed a significant (p<0.01) increase in total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) in the supplement group compared to placebo across all post-supplementation time points with the greatest increase occurring at 120 minutes (mean 99.0; 95%CI: 7.9,190.1). At 120 minutes post-consumption, no difference was present between glutathione and placebo groups for PWV (5.86 ± 1.19 and 6.08 ± 1.25 m/s, respectively; p=0.43), resting heart rate (52.95 ± 3.55 and 55.83 ± 6.36, respectively; p=0.16), systolic bBP (123.05 ± 12.75 and 123.13 ± 14.52 mmHg; p=0.22), diastolic bBP (71.81 ± 7.87 and 74.21 ± 6.53; p=0.48), systolic cBP (108.05 ± 10.45 and 108.68 ± 11.14 mmHg, respectively; p=0.11) and diastolic cBP (72.03 ± 7.82 and 74.94 ± 6.42 mmHg, respectively; p=0.46). Conclusion: Young healthy males and females experienced an increase in circulating humoral antioxidants in response to glutathione supplementation. However, supplementation had minimal effects on resting hemodynamics. Future research should examine glutathione supplementation’s effect in participants with decreased antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress including patients with known disease such as hypertension or peripheral artery disease.

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