Association of Stress with Risk of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Franks ◽  
Lisa Bransby ◽  
Michael M. Saling ◽  
Matthew P. Pase
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Total N ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Although many studies have investigated the association between stress and risk of dementia, findings are inconsistent due to the variation in the measures used to assess stress. Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between psychological stress (including neuroticism, stressful life events, and perceived stress) and the risk of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults. Methods: PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched to October 2020 for eligible observational, prospective studies. Of the 1,607 studies screened, 26 (24 unique cohorts) were included in the qualitative analysis and 16 (15 unique cohorts) were included in the quantitative analysis. Results: Across studies, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (Cases/Total N = 207/860: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.38) and all-cause dementia (Cases/Total N = 203/1,882: HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.07–1.95). Exposure to two or more stressful life events (versus none) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (Cases/Total N = 3,354/11,597: HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14–2.60), while one or more stressful life events was not. Higher neuroticism was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease dementia (Cases/Total N = 497/4,771: HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12), but not all-cause dementia. Conclusion: This review suggests that psychological stress in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrea M. McGrattan ◽  
Yueping Zhu ◽  
Connor D. Richardson ◽  
Devi Mohan ◽  
Yee Chang Soh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Total N ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive state associated with increased risk of dementia. Little research on MCI exists from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite high prevalence of dementia in these settings. Objective: This systematic review aimed to review epidemiological reports to determine the prevalence of MCI and its associated risk factors in LMICs. Methods: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until November 2019. Eligible articles reported on MCI in population or community-based studies from LMICs. No restrictions on the definition of MCI used as long as it was clearly defined. Results: 4,621 articles were screened, and 78 retained. In total, n = 23 different LMICs were represented; mostly from China (n = 55 studies). Few studies from countries defined as lower-middle income (n = 14), low income (n = 4), or from population representative samples (n = 4). There was large heterogeneity in how MCI was diagnosed; with Petersen criteria the most commonly applied (n = 26). Prevalence of aMCI (Petersen criteria) ranged from 0.6%to 22.3%. Similar variability existed across studies using the International Working Group Criteria for aMCI (range 4.5%to 18.3%) and all-MCI (range 6.1%to 30.4%). Risk of MCI was associated with demographic (e.g., age), health (e.g., cardio-metabolic disease), and lifestyle (e.g., social isolation, smoking, diet and physical activity) factors. Conclusion: Outside of China, few MCI studies have been conducted in LMIC settings. There is an urgent need for population representative epidemiological studies to determine MCI prevalence in LMICs. MCI diagnostic methodology also needs to be standardized. This will allow for cross-study comparison and future resource planning.

The relation between stressful life events and breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjes Bahri ◽  
Tahereh Fathi Najafi ◽  
Fatemeh Homaei Shandiz ◽  
Hamid Reza Tohidinik ◽  
Abdoljavad Khajavi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals Are stressful life events prospectively associated with increased suicidal ideation and behaviour? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Howarth ◽  
Daryl B. O'Connor ◽  
Maria Panagioti ◽  
Alexander Hodkinson ◽  
Sarah Wilding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals Do positive or negative stressful events predict the development of new brain lesions in people with multiple sclerosis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Burns ◽  
E. Nawacki ◽  
M. J. Kwasny ◽  
D. Pelletier ◽  
D. C. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mri Scans

BackgroundStressful life events have long been suspected to contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity. The few studies examining the relationship between stressful events and neuroimaging markers have been small and inconsistent. This study examined whether different types of stressful events and perceived stress could predict the development of brain lesions.MethodThis was a secondary analysis of 121 patients with MS followed for 48 weeks during a randomized controlled trial comparing stress management therapy for MS (SMT-MS) to a waitlist control (WLC). Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans every 8 weeks. Every month, patients completed an interview measure assessing stressful life events and self-report measures of perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, which were used to predict the presence of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) and T2 lesions on MRI scans 29–62 days later. Participants classified stressful events as positive or negative. Negative events were considered ‘major’ if they involved physical threat or threat to the patient's family structure, and ‘moderate’ otherwise.ResultsPositive stressful events predicted decreased risk for subsequent Gd+ lesions in the control group [odds ratio (OR) 0.53 for each additional positive stressful event, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.91] and less risk for new or enlarging T2 lesions regardless of group assignment (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55–0.99). Across groups, major negative stressful events predicted Gd+ lesions (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.18–2.64) and new or enlarging T2 lesions (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11–2.23) whereas moderate negative stressful events, perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms did not.ConclusionsMajor negative stressful events predict increased risk for Gd+ and T2 lesions whereas positive stressful events predict decreased risk.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of technology-based interventions in detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045978
Author(s):  
Jordi Martínez-Soldevila ◽  
Roland Pastells-Peiró ◽  
Carolina Climent-Sanz ◽  
Gerard Piñol-Ripoll ◽  
Mariona Rocaspana-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThe gradual changes over the decades in the longevity and ageing of European society as a whole can be directly related to the prolonged decline in the birth rate and increase in the life expectancy. According to the WHO, there is an increased risk of dementia or other cognitive disorders as the population ages, which have a major impact on public health. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is described as a greater than expected cognitive decline for an individual’s age and level of education, but that does not significantly interfere with activities of daily living. Patients with MCI exhibit a higher risk of dementia compared with others in the same age group, but without a cognitive decline, have impaired walking and a 50% greater risk of falling.The urban lifestyle and advent of smartphones, mobility and immediate access to all information via the internet, including health information, has led to a totally disruptive change in most general aspects.This systematic review protocol is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in the detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI.Methods and analysisThis review protocol follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols reporting guidelines. The search will be performed on MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2020. Studies of interventions either randomised clinical trials or pre–post non-randomised quasi-experimental designs, published in English and Spanish will be included. Articles that provide relevant information on the use of technology and its effectiveness in interventions that assess improvements in early detection, prevention, follow-up and treatment of the patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI will be included.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval not required. The results will be disseminated in publications and congresses.

Association between stressful life events and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective case–control studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunetta Porcelli ◽  
Andrea Pozza ◽  
Nicola Bizzaro ◽  
Andrea Fagiolini ◽  
Maria-Cristina Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Retrospective Case

scholarly journals Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a population-based sample of adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1647-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. McLaughlin ◽  
K. J. Conron ◽  
K. C. Koenen ◽  
S. E. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Stress Sensitization ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundChildhood adversity (CA) is associated with adult mental disorders, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain inadequately understood. Stress sensitization, whereby CA increases vulnerability to mental disorders following adult stressful life events, has been proposed as a potential mechanism. We provide a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a national sample.MethodWe investigated whether the association between past-year stressful life events and the 12-month prevalence of major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other anxiety disorders, and perceived stress varies according to exposure to CA. We used data from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) (n=34 653).ResultsPast-year stressful life events were associated with an increased risk of major depression, PTSD, anxiety disorders, and perceived stress. However, the magnitude of the increased risk varied according to respondents' history of CA. For example, past-year major stressors were associated with a 27.3% increase in the 12-month risk of depression among individuals with ⩾3 CAs and a 14.8% increased risk among individuals without CAs. Stress sensitization effects were present for depression, PTSD, and other anxiety disorders in women and men, although gender differences were found in the threshold of past-year stress needed to trigger such effects. Stress sensitization was most evident among individuals with ⩾3 CAs.ConclusionsCA is associated with increased vulnerability to the deleterious mental health effects of adult stressors in both men and women. High levels of CA may represent a general diathesis for multiple types of psychopathology that persists throughout the life course.

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