scholarly journals Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Is Not Associated with APOE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ioanna Katzourou ◽  
Ganna Leonenko ◽  
Dobril Ivanov ◽  
Alun Meggy ◽  
Rachel Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
State Examination

Background: The rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been found to vary widely between individuals, with numerous factors driving this heterogeneity. Objective: This study aimed to compute a measure of cognitive decline in patients with AD based on clinical information and to utilize this measure to explore the genetic architecture of cognitive decline in AD. Methods: An in-house cohort of 616 individuals, hereby termed the Cardiff Genetic Resource for AD, as well as a subset of 577 individuals from the publicly available ADNI dataset, that have been assessed at multiple timepoints, were used in this study. Measures of cognitive decline were computed using various mixed effect linear models of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). After an optimal model was selected, a metric of cognitive decline for each individual was estimated as the random slope derived from this model. This metric was subsequently used for testing the association of cognitive decline with apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Results: No association was found between the number of APOE ɛ2 or ɛ4 alleles and the rate of cognitive decline in either of the datasets examined. Conclusion: Further exploration is required to uncover possible genetic variants that affect the rate of decline in patients with AD.

Describing Cognitive Decline of Patients at the Mild or Moderate Stages of Alzheimer's Disease Using the Standardized MMSE

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ward ◽  
J. Jaime Caro ◽  
Heather Kelley ◽  
Andrew Eggleston ◽  
William Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
State Examination

Objective: To describe the progression of patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) to a severe stage using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE). Methods: A cohort of 206 patients was stratified according to their baseline SMMSE scores: mild (19–24) and moderate (10–18). Proportional hazards analyses were used to determine the hazard of switching into a severe stage, defined as SMMSE score < 10. Results: Among patients at the mild stage, 25% reached the severe stage within 2.6 years, and in the moderate group within 1.5 years. Patients with hallucinations at the mild stage experienced more rapid decline. The previous rate of decline was also found to be an important predictor. At the moderate stage, key predictors were lower SMMSE score and longer time since onset. Conclusions: Current SMMSE scores with other clinical details can be used to advise patients and caregivers about the expected progression of AD.

scholarly journals Late Onset Alzheimer Dementia in Patients with Genotype E3/E4: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (C) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi ◽  
Chiquita Putri Vania Rau
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Examination

BACKGROUND: Dementia is one of the leading causes of disability and dependence in elderly worldwide. Epidemiological statistics indicate that data show that at about 60–80%, Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer’s is also the third-most prominent cause of death in elderly. CASE REPORT: A 72-years-old male patient, complained by the family often forgets about things that have just been done for 3 years ago. According to the family, patient also often discussing the same things repeatedly. Patients tend not to have the initiative to start his daily activities. The family admitted that patient also became often angry and felt suspicious for the last 2 years. From the mini mental state examination showed disturbances in time orientation and recall; from Montreal Cognitive Assessment Ina found disturbances in visuospatial, fluency, abstraction, delayed memory, and time orientation; accompanied by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL disorders. Patient also performed a molecular examination of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and the genotype E3/E4 was detected. CONCLUSION: The function of the APOE gene, in particular APOE4, is the most emphasized genetic relationship in late onset Alzheimer’s disease. It is proposed that blocking the action of APOE4 can delay or stop Alzheimer’s disease progression.

scholarly journals TOP CITED PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS: 6c. TRACKING COGNITIVE DECLINE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING THE MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION: A META-ANALYSIS (“MINI” IS NOT NECESSARILY TRIVIAL!)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040
Author(s):  
Ling Han
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Informal Discussion ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

It was well beyond my expectations when I heard from Professor Ames that our meta-analysis paper (Han et al., 2000) was among the top-cited papers in International Psychogeriatrics. As an expression of my gratitude to the editor for the invitation and to the audience of this paper, I would like to offer this informal discussion on the background of the paper and extend a few ideas that were not conveyed fully at the time, due either to insufficient knowledge or unavailability of relevant data or methodologies.

Exploring Time of Day Effects on Mini-Mental State Examination Performance in Alzheimer's Disease and Age-Associated Cognitive Decline

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Brown ◽  
Margaret Newson ◽  
Judy Haworth ◽  
Gordon K. Wilcock
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
State Examination

AbstractNeuropsychological assessment plays a prominent role in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other cognitive impairments. Increasingly, neuropsychological test results are also used to guide clinicians in the prescription of anti-dementia medication. There is evidence to suggest that the cognitive ability of an individual with AD may vary over the course of a day. If time of day can influence an individual's performance on cognitive tests, then it could potentially affect his or her diagnosis and eligibility for treatment. This study set out to explore the effect of time of day on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance in individuals with AD and Age-Associated Cognitive Decline (AACD). No significant effect of time of day (TOD) on Folstein MMSE performance was found. However, some interesting results were highlighted and future research suggested. Overall, the study does not provide evidence that time of day needs to be considered when interpreting the result of a short cognitive screening test.

Most rapid cognitive decline in APOE ε4 negative Alzheimer's disease with early onset

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1907-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. van der Vlies ◽  
E. L. G. E. Koedam ◽  
Y. A. L. Pijnenburg ◽  
J. W. R. Twisk ◽  
P. Scheltens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Rapid Cognitive Decline ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundWe aimed to compare the rate of cognitive decline in patients with early and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to investigate the potentially modifying influence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.MethodWe included 99 patients with early onset AD (age ⩽65 years) and 192 patients with late onset AD (age >65 years) who had at least two scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (range 2–14) obtained at least 1 year apart. Linear mixed models were performed to investigate the rate of cognitive decline dependent on age at onset (AAO) and APOE genotype.ResultsThe mean (s.d.) age for patients with early onset AD was 57.7 (4.5) years, and 74.5 (5.1) years for patients with late onset AD. AAO was not associated with baseline MMSE [β (s.e.)=0.8 (0.5), p=0.14]. However, patients with early onset showed a faster decline on the MMSE [β (s.e.)=2.4 (0.1) points/year] than those with late onset [β (s.e.)=1.7 (0.1) points/year, p=0.00]. After stratification according to APOE genotype, APOE ε4 non-carriers with early onset showed faster cognitive decline than non-carriers with late onset [2.4 (0.3) v. 1.3 (0.3) points/year, p=0.01]. In APOE ε4 carriers, no difference in rate of cognitive decline was found between patients with early and late onset [β (s.e.)=0.2 (0.2), p=0.47].ConclusionPatients with early onset AD show more rapid cognitive decline than patients with late onset, suggesting that early onset AD follows a more aggressive course. Furthermore, this effect seems to be most prominent in patients with early onset who do not carry the genetic APOE ε4 risk factor for AD.

Validation of the Hungarian version of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdolna Pákáski ◽  
Gergely Drótos ◽  
Zoltán Janka ◽  
János Kálmán
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cognitive Subscale ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Hungarian Version

The cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale is the most widely used test in the diagnostic and research work of Alzheimer’s disease. Aims: The aim of this study was to validate and investigate reliability of the Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy control subjects. Methods: syxty-six patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease and 47 non-demented control subjects were recruited for the study. The cognitive status was established by the Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale and Mini Mental State Examination. Discriminative validity, the relation between age and education and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined. Results: Both the Mini Mental State Examination and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale had significant potential in differentiating between patients with mild and moderate stages of Alzheimer’s disease and control subjects. A very strong negative correlation was established between the scores of the Mini Mental State Examination and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale in the Alzheimer’s disease group. The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale showed slightly negative relationship between education and cognitive performance, whereas a positive correlation between age and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale scores was detected only in the control group. According to the analysis of the ROC curve, the values of sensitivity and specificity of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale were high. Conclusions: The Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale was found to be highly reliable and valid and, therefore, the application of this scale can be recommended for the establishment of the clinical stage and follow-up of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the current Hungarian version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale is not sufficient; the list of words and linguistic elements should be selected according to the Hungarian standard in the future. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 461–466.

scholarly journals Educational bias in the assessment of severe dementia: Brazilian cutoffs for severe Mini-Mental State Examination

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Wajman ◽  
Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Rizek Schultz ◽  
Sheilla de Medeiros Correia Marin ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
State Examination

Cognitive assessment in advanced stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is limited by the imprecision of most instruments. Objective: To determine objective cognitive responses in moderate and severe AD patients by way of the Severe Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), and to correlate performances with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Method: Consecutive outpatients in moderate and severe stages of AD (Clinical Dementia Rating 2.0 or 3.0) were evaluated and compared according to MMSE and SMMSE scores. Results: Overall 400 patients were included, 67.5% females, mean age 76.6±6.7 years-old. There was no significant impact of age or gender over MMSE or SMMSE scores. Mean schooling was 4.4±2.5 years, impacting SMMSE scores (p=0.008). Scores on MMSE and SMMSE were significantly correlated (F-ratio=690.6325, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The SMMSE is influenced by schooling, but not by age or gender, and is an accurate test for assessment of moderate and severe AD.

scholarly journals Atrophy subtypes and the ATN classification scheme in Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nira Cedres ◽  
Urban Ekman ◽  
Konstantinos Poulakis ◽  
Sara Shams ◽  
Lena Cavallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
State Examination

Abstract BACKGROUND We investigated the association between atrophy subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the ATN classification scheme, and key demographic and clinical factors, in two cohorts with different source characteristics (a highly selective research-oriented cohort, ADNI; and a naturalistic heterogeneous clinically-oriented cohort, Karolinska Imaging Dementia Study (KIDS). METHODS A total of 382 AD patients were included. Factorial analysis of mixed data was used to investigate associations between AD subtype based on brain atrophy patterns, ATN profiles based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (burden of white matter signal abnormalities, WMSA), and APOE genotype. RESULTS Older patients with high WMSA burden, belonging to the typical AD subtype, and showing A + T + N + or A + T + N- profiles clustered together and were mainly from ADNI. Younger patients with low WMSA burden, limbic-predominant or minimal atrophy AD subtypes, and A + T-N- or A + T-N + profiles, clustered together and were mainly from KIDS. APOE ε4 carriers more frequently showed the A + T-N- and A + T + N- profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our findings align with the recent framework for biological subtypes of AD: the combination of risk factors, protective factors, and brain pathologies determines belonging of AD patients to distinct subtypes.

The Mini-Mental State Examination in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Galasko ◽  
M. R. Klauber ◽  
C. R. Hofstetter ◽  
D. P. Salmon ◽  
B. Lasker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
State Examination
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