Achieving good health and well-being in Africa by 2030 using multi-state models, survival analysis, statistical methods for evidence-based medicine, diagnosis and determination of risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Humphrey E. Misiri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Health And Well Being

Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) were adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) is ‘Better health and well-being by 2030’. According to WHO, good health in the context of SDG3 is assessed with respect to the level and distribution of individuals’ and communities’ healthy life, conditions that affect health and well-being and risk factors whose presence would affect health and well-being. The overall aim is that each SDG target is achieved by 2030. In 2018 the WHO used statistical methods to assess the state of health in Africa in the context of SDG3. Their analysis revealed successes and shortfalls towards attaining SDG3. Backed by public health and other activities, statistics play an important role in improving the health and well-being of Africa. This paper explains how statistics can be used to help African countries to attain SDG3, in its role in modeling event histories, diagnosis, evidence-based medicine, determination of risk factors of exposures of morbidity and mortality, determination of risk factors of morbidity and mortality, the computation of the level and distribution of vital events, measuring disease frequency and progress, quantification of life expectancy and monitoring and evaluation.

scholarly journals Mapping Of The Responsible Investments Instruments In Sdg 3 ‘Good Health And Well-Being’ Financing: EU And US Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Yulia Sepreninova ◽  
Inna Makarenko ◽  
Alex Plastun ◽  
Angela Babko ◽  
Gunnay Gasimova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
Health And Well Being

This article summarizes the existing approaches to investigating instruments of responsible investments in the health care system in Europe and in United States. The main research’s purpose is to identify existing instruments of responsible investment under funding Sustainable Development Goal 3: ‘Good health and well-being’. Systematization of scientific sources and approaches on the investigated issue showed no unique approach to forming a list of responsible investment instruments to finance health and well-being in Europe and United States. Hence, existing approaches vary by risk, return, suitability for financing, and so on. Therefore, the analysis and generalization of existing approaches and investigating their implementation-related practical features are the relevant scientific problem. The research’s object is the health care financing approaches of the generally recognized organizations such as the Financial Initiative for Biodiversity under the United Nations Development Program, the United States Agency for International Development and the World Bank (Biodiversity Finance Initiative United Nation Development Program, USAID, World Bank). The authors noted that these organizations contributed greatly to provide funding for these projects at the global level. For gaining the research’s goal, this study was conducted in the following logical sequence. Firstly, the authors characterized the Biofin financial decisions in health care under the United Nations Development Program. Secondly, the study systematized the U.S. Agency for International Development financing approaches regarding the Sustainable Development Goal 3. Then, the authors generalized the practical directions towards realizing the mentioned above instruments while digging into the World Bank responsible investment activity regarding health care. The study suggested the typology method to identify the key criteria for classifying responsible investment instruments. In turn, the mapping method was used to generalize the scientific background concerning health care finance. Therefore, the findings could help scientists further develop and unify the classification of responsible investment instruments regarding sustainable development and health care financing based on EU and US experience. Moreover, the obtained results enrich the existing global approaches in funding the national health care system and reaching the established Sustainable Development Goals 3 ‘Good health and well-being’.

Principles of evidence-based medicine

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jibawi ◽  
Mohamed Baguneid ◽  
Arnab Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Evidence Grading ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an effective tool for identifying and critically appraising quality research findings, and allowing the best to be integrated within clinical practice. EBM requires familiarity with evidence grading systems, key statistical methods, and requires a good understanding of how to review and critique scientific papers to guide the clinical practice. This chapter introduces these tools and provide an easy-to-use layout for reading academic papers in hand.

scholarly journals Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal of Good Health and Well-Being by European Union Countries in 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Iwona Konarzewska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health And Well Being

In September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of them, Goal 3, is defined as: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. In the paper, we have considered the indices proposed by Eurostat, which help to measure the level that the targets achieve. We present the dynamics of indices over the period 2002–2017. Multi-criteria statistical analysis for 28 EU countries was conducted using data up to 2017 to show how much EU countries are diversified and to present rankings of countries on their way to achieving the good health and well-being status of their citizens. The results are compared with a global SGD-Sub-Index for Goal 3, developed by Sachs et al. (2018).

scholarly journals Behavioral Economics: A Primer and Applications to the UN Sustainable Development Goal of Good Health and Well-Being

Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Robert Siegel ◽  
Katelyn Gordon ◽  
Linda Dynan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health And Well Being

Behavioral economics (BE) is a relatively new field within economics that incorporates insights from psychology that can be harnessed to improve economic decision making with the potential to enhance good health and well-being of individuals and societies, the third of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. While some of the psychological principles of economic decision making were described as far back as the 1700s by Adam Smith, BE emerged as a discipline in the 1970s with the groundbreaking work of psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. We describe the basic concepts of BE, heuristics (decision-making shortcuts) and their associated biases, and the BE strategies framing, incentives, and economic nudging to overcome these biases. We survey the literature to identify how BE techniques have been employed to improve individual choice (focusing on childhood obesity), health policy, and patient and healthcare provider decision making. Additionally, we discuss how these BE-based efforts to improve health-related decision making can lead to sustaining good health and well-being and identify additional health-related areas that may benefit from including principles of BE in decision making.

TOWARDS ACHIEVING SDG 3 AND 4: THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN EAST AFRICA

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Mustapha Masud ◽  
Abdul-Rahman Olagunju ◽  
Salum Salum
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
University Research ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Education has been acknowledged to be a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. Without inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong opportunities for all, nations will not succeed in achieving gender equality and breaking the cycle of poverty that is leaving millions of children, youth and adults behind (UNESCO, 2020). In the labour of attaining the sustainable development goals, quality education, good health and well-being - Goals 3 and 4 respectively - have been placed as the central dogma in achieving the global goals. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the role of university research through the implementation of quality assurance in attaining quality education, good health and well-being for sustainable development in East Africa. The paper examines the heart of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) - Quality Education & Good health and well-being - in the context of how university researchers can get it delivered. This paper perceives promoting interdisciplinary and collaborative research, linking research outputs into teaching as well as commercialization of science as the leeway in assuring and achieving quality education, good health and well-being through higher institutions (universities) in East Africa. The paper concludes that achieving the ambitiously adopted sustainable development goals by United Nations in quality education, good health and well-being can be achieved by adopting, implementing and practically applying quality research outputs from universities done under quality assurance measures. The paper recommends amongst other measures that implementation of research-tutored system by designing curriculum that emphasizes learning focused on students writing and discussing research papers or essays. Key words: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Education, Health, Well-being, University research, Quality Assurance

scholarly journals Healthcare Managers’ Perception About the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Jonas A. S. Schwartzman ◽  
Paola Zucchi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Online Forms ◽  
Health And Well Being

In 2015, about 190 United Nations Member States proposed an ambitious agenda, to be worked on by different actors in society, which was entitled 2030 Agenda. The document was divided into 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are broken down into 169 targets aiming to eradicate poverty and promote a decent life for all. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of healthcare managers about SDGs, especially SDG 3, which addresses Good Health and Well-Being. This cross-sectional observational study identified and analyzed the participants’ profilesthrough online forms with questions about the general perception of the SDGs, and questions related to SDG 3. The quantitative analysis of the results was performed, in percentage terms, and the qualitative analysis was performed using the five-point Likert scale. Twenty-one technical directors of healthcare services participated in the survey. According to the results, 14 (66.6)  of the participants presented medium to highknowledge regarding SDG. In addition, 18 (85.7%) of these professionals understand that the SDGs are of high/very high importance to guide public policies. In general, there is a low expectation for the achievement of the 17 SDGs in Brazil, but it was highlighted that it should be a priority, which SDG could contribute to the achievement of SDG 3: Good Health and well-being as well as the vision of policy recommendations to achieve the SDG 3 targets. This analysis allows contact with SDG and enables a deeper discussion on the topic in healthcare services.

scholarly journals Scar Epidemiology and Consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
M. El Kinani ◽  
F. Duteille
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Keloid Scars ◽  
Based Medicine

AbstractIn this chapter, after a short reminder of the different scars types, epidemiological factors and risk factors are described. The consequences for the patient of an impairment of healing are multiple: aesthetic discomfort, itching, pain, or even functional impairment, especially in the periarticular area, can lead not only to physical but also to psychological and social repercussions.This chapter focuses on the epidemiology of scars, including hypertrophic and keloid scars. The role of mechanobiology looks major as the pathology may start in specific anatomical locations submitted to excessive tension, and the influence of genetic factors, even if not completely confirmed with evidence-based medicine, is highly suspected.

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