The effect of alcohol ingestion on ocular counterrolling

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Charles H. Markham ◽  
Shirley G. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Ocular Counterrolling

Nineteen normal subjects underwent two naso-occipital rotations to 90° right and left ear down in our standard ocular counterrolling (OCR) protocol. Both eyes were videotaped. Following two rotations, subjects drank 90~ml vodka in 180 ml orange juice; and in about 20 min, when blood alcohol levels reached 0.04–0.09%, the protocol was repeated. An SMI videooculography system provided measurements. Results showed that amplitude of OCR was significantly decreased after alcohol ingestion; smoothness was significantly increased after alcohol, similar to alcohol's effect on essential tremor. Although disconjugacy was not significantly different in the two conditions when the entire trials were examined, the latter portions of the post-alcohol trials did show significant disconjugacy, similar to earlier findings in vestibular-defective patients whose OCR deficits were apparent only in the final segments of the rotation trials. We postulate the results are due to alcohol's action on cerebellar GABAergic Purkinje cells projecting to vestibular nuclei.

Lactate in Trauma: A Poor Predictor of Mortality in the Setting of Alcohol Ingestion

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1576-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadley K. Herbert ◽  
Tracey A. Dechert ◽  
Luke Wolfe ◽  
Michel B. Aboutanos ◽  
Ajai K. Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
End Point ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Level I

Resuscitation end point markers such as lactate and base deficit (BD) are used in trauma to identify and treat a state of compensated shock. Lactate and BD levels are also elevated by alcohol. In blunt trauma patients with positive blood alcohol levels, lactate may be a poor indicator of injury. Retrospective data were collected on 1083 blunt trauma patients with positive blood alcohol levels admitted a Level I trauma center between 2003 and 2006. Patients were stratified by Injury Severity Score, age, gender, and Glasgow Coma Score. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess lactate and BD as independent risk factors for mortality. Seventy-four per cent of patients had an abnormal lactate level compared with 28 per cent with abnormal BD levels. In patients with mild injury, lactate levels were abnormal in more than 70 per cent of patients compared with less than 20 per cent of patients with abnormal BD levels. Linear regression showed lactate is not a significant predictor of mortality. Regardless of Injury Severity Score, lactate appeared to be more often abnormal than BD in the setting of alcohol ingestion. Additionally, because BD, and not lactate, was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality, lactate may not be a reliable marker of end point resuscitation in this patient population.

Blood Alcohol Levels Following Attempted Suicide

1963 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pierce James ◽  
D. N. Scott-Orr ◽  
D. H. Curnow
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels

High Blood Alcohol Levels in Women

1990 ◽  
Vol 322 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Frezza ◽  
Carlo di Padova ◽  
Gabriele Pozzato ◽  
Maddalena Terpin ◽  
Enrique Baraona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels

Validation of the Alco-Calculator

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Compton ◽  
Roger E. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels

The Alco-calculator was validated by comparing its blood alcohol estimates with actual breath samples (N = 48). The Alco-calculator overestimated the blood alcohol concentration by 20 mg % and showed an accuracy confidence interval of ± 26 mg.% ( p = .95) The utility of the calculator for training in discrimination of blood alcohol levels is discussed.

scholarly journals Ethanol-Related Behaviors in Mouse Lines Selectively Bred for Drinking to Intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Jensen ◽  
Kayla G. Townsley ◽  
Kolter B. Grigsby ◽  
Pamela Metten ◽  
Meher Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Progressive Ratio ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Drinking In The Dark ◽  
Mouse Lines

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a devastating psychiatric disorder that has significant wide-reaching effects on individuals and society. Selectively bred mouse lines are an effective means of exploring the genetic and neuronal mechanisms underlying AUD and such studies are translationally important for identifying treatment options. Here, we report on behavioral characterization of two replicate lines of mice that drink to intoxication, the High Drinking in the Dark (HDID)-1 and -2 mice, which have been selectively bred (20+ generations) for the primary phenotype of reaching high blood alcohol levels (BALs) during the drinking in the dark (DID) task, a binge-like drinking assay. Along with their genetically heterogenous progenitor line, Hs/Npt, we tested these mice on: DID and drinking in the light (DIL); temporal drinking patterns; ethanol sensitivity, through loss of righting reflex (LORR); and operant self-administration, including fixed ratio (FR1), fixed ratio 3:1 (FR3), extinction/reinstatement, and progressive ratio (PR). All mice consumed more ethanol during the dark than the light and both HDID lines consumed more ethanol than Hs/Npt during DIL and DID. In the dark, we found that the HDID lines achieved high blood alcohol levels early into a drinking session, suggesting that they exhibit front loading like drinking behavior in the absence of the chronicity usually required for such behavior. Surprisingly, HDID-1 (female and male) and HDID-2 (male) mice were more sensitive to the intoxicating effects of ethanol during the dark (as determined by LORR), while Hs/Npt (female and male) and HDID-2 (female) mice appeared less sensitive. We observed lower HDID-1 ethanol intake compared to either HDID-2 or Hs/Npt during operant ethanol self-administration. There were no genotype differences for either progressive ratio responding, or cue-induced ethanol reinstatement, though the latter is complicated by a lack of extinguished responding behavior. Taken together, these findings suggest that genes affecting one AUD-related behavior do not necessarily affect other AUD-related behaviors. Moreover, these findings highlight that alcohol-related behaviors can also differ between lines selectively bred for the same phenotype, and even between sexes within those same line.

Alcohol and Fatal Road Traffic Accidents

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rufus Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Age And Sex

An analysis of 208 cases of immediate death in a road traffic accident in which the blood alcohol was estimated, showed a definite characteristic distribution of varying blood alcohol levels in the various types of road users of differing age and sex.

A Survey of Blood-Alcohol Levels in Self-Poisoning Cases

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajagopal Varadaraj ◽  
James Mendonca
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels
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