Effects of visual search task on attentional bias and stress response under pressure

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yonghui Jin ◽  
Jun He
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

BACKGROUND: it has always been a problem for athletes that their performance is out of order due to pressure in major competitions. The change of attention pattern and the emergence of stress response (SR) caused by negative affect (NA)are the direct reasons for the greater impact on the performance of athletes. It is a hot topic to explore how to improve attention bias (AB) and SR of athletes in stressful situations. OBJECTIVE: the study aimed to analyze the improvement effect of visual search task (VST) training on AB and SR of athletes under pressure situations. METHODS: 62 male basketball players with national level 2 or above of Shenyang sports institute were divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Visual search task training program was used in the EG (happy, sad, disgusted, neutral faces) and sham training program was used in the CG (all faces with neutral expression) for two months. Under the stress situation, attention behavior of all subjects before and after training was tested. Physiological coherence and autonomic balance system were used to record heart rate variability synchronously. Parallel frequency domain analysis was divided into very low frequency band (VLF), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and total spectrum (TP). The normalized treatment obtained indexes such as HFnorm, LFnorm, and LF/HF. The e-prime 2.0 software was adopted to obtain the attention bias score. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the self - rating stress scale were adopted for evaluation before and after training. RESULTS: the self-rating pressure in the two groups was lower than that before the training, and the pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P <  0.05). After training, the positive emotion of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the EG was lower than that of the CG (P <  0.05). After training, the score of attention bias of happy and neutral faces in the EG was higher than that of theCG, while the score of attention bias of sad and disgusted faces was lower than that of the CG (P <  0.05). After training, LF/HF and LFnorm in the EG were lower than those in the CG, and HFnorm was higher than those in the CG (P <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the training of visual search task can effectively improve the athletes’ PA and AB of positive information, reduce the attention bias of negative information and psychological pressure, and relieve theSR.

Visual Search with Meaningful and Non-Meaningful Material

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Strongman ◽  
Robert Brown
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Word Context ◽  
Meaningful Material ◽  
Nonsense Syllables

Two experiments are reported which attempt to assess the effects of variations in target word, context items and instructions on performance in a visual search task. In Experiment 1, subjects were required to search through context lists of three-letter nonsense syllables (of either high or low association value) for three-letter meaningful target words (of either high or low frequency). They were given either “positive” or “negative” instructions, i.e. were told either to pick out the meaningful word or to pick out the word which was not a nonsense syllable. The results showed that visual search times were significantly influenced by both frequency of target word and association value of context items. A significant interaction was observed between type of instructions and target word frequency. The design of Experiment 2 followed that of Experiment 1, with the exceptions that nonsense syllables now became target items, and meaningful words formed the contexts. Again, nonsense syllable association value and word frequency were found to be critical in determining visual search times.

scholarly journals The effect of the self-assertion method in the development of job satisfaction Educational counselors

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Dr. Sana Ali Hassoun Al-Khazraji
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Media ◽  
Experimental Group

The present research aims at identifying the effect of the self-assertion method in the development of job satisfaction among the educational mentors by verifying the following hypotheses: (There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group before and after the program, the experimental group and the control group In the post-test). The experimental method was adopted to verify the hypotheses of the research. The sample consisted of (30) educational guides from those who obtained the lowest grade in the job satisfaction scale. A criterion (Rachid, 2013) was adopted for the job satisfaction of the educational counselors, which was presented to a group of experts (12 sessions). The current research found that there were statistically significant differences at (0.05) In the experimental group and for the guidance method, between the experimental groups and the control group in the post-test and for the benefit of the experimental group. Among the recommendations is the need for the media, especially the Ministry of Education, to take the role of educational guides and praise their efforts within special programs prepared for this purpose. Educational guides in other governorates and a comparison between these studies and the current study.

scholarly journals A short humorous intervention protects against subsequent psychological stress and attenuates cortisol levels without affecting attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Froehlich ◽  
Apoorva Rajiv Madipakkam ◽  
Barbara Craffonara ◽  
Christina Bolte ◽  
Anne-Katrin Muth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Processing ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractPresentation of humor simultaneously with a stressful event has been shown to dampen the psychological and physiological responses of stress. However, whether a relatively short humorous intervention can be utilized to prevent the subsequent stress processing is still underinvestigated. Furthermore, it is unknown, whether such a humor intervention changes stress processing at a cost of cognitive functioning. According to the broaden-and-build theory inducing positive emotions may subsequently impact cognitive performance. Here, we investigated whether humor protects against subsequent stressors by attenuating both, psychological and physiological stress levels and whether this affects cognitive performance. Participants watched either a humorous or a neutral movie, underwent stress induction and performed in a visual search task. Compared to the control group, psychological stress levels and salivary cortisol levels were lower in the humor group, yet no differences were found in response times and accuracy rates for the visual search task. Our results demonstrate that a short humorous intervention shields against subsequent psychological stress leaving cognitive performance intact, thus making it highly applicable to improve mental and physical health in everyday life situations.

Brief psycho-education for caregivers of persons with first episode psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praful Prabhuappa Kapse ◽  
Manisha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Expressed Emotions ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group Family

Caring for the persons with first episode psychosis is challenging and demanding. It may lead to the increased burden, expressed emotions among the caregivers. The numerous studies have shown that high burden and negative expressed emotions among caregivers can lead to early relapse in the patients with first episode psychosis. To evaluate the effects of the brief psychoeducation on the caregivers burden and expressed emotions. A quasi experimental - before and after with control group research design was adopted for the study. A total of 60 caregivers have participated in the study, of which 30 caregivers in experimental group and 30 caregivers in the control group. Family Burden Interview Schedule (Pai and Kapoor, 1981) and Attitude Questionnaire (Sethi et al., 1981) was used to assess caregiver's burden and expressed emotions. At end of the psychoeducation intervention, burden among caregivers and negative expressed emotions of the caregivers have significantly reduced. The positive expressed emotions have been increased. Study results demonstrates the importance of psychoeducation intervention in reducing the burden and negative expressed emotions.

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