scholarly journals PONTOON SETTLEMENTS AS A MEANS OF RESTORING THE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF RESERVOIRS

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Nataliia Chernyatevich
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Thermal Pollution ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Mechanical Cleaning

The article considers the influence of pontoon settlements on the ecology of reservoirs of Ukraine. The main types of pollution and methods of reservoir cleaning due to the creation of pontoon settlements are outlined. There are 1157 reservoirs located within Ukraine.  The issue of efficient and rational use of reservoirs in Ukraine is becoming increasingly important.  The establishment of settlements on the water could help solve the environmental problems present in reservoirs. Reservoir pollution can be divided into chemical, bacterial, thermal and radioactive. Chemical pollution is the ingress of various chemicals, waste from various industries into the water: petrochemical, pulp and paper, as well as municipal wastewater, waste from livestock farms. Biological pollution is getting into reservoirs together with sewage of various pathogenic microorganisms, spores of fungi, worms. Thermal pollution occurs due to the discharge of heated water from thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and other energy facilities. Radioactive contamination is associated with an increase in the content of radioactive substances in water. When designing pontoon settlements in the water area of reservoirs, it is necessary to provide mechanical cleaning methods. Mechanical cleaning is the cleaning of the bottom of the reservoir from large objects of various origins, as well as the removal of large accumulations of benthic and floating species of aquatic plants. The basis of the biological method of purification is the saturation of the reservoir with microorganisms (bacteria). Another very effective way is to stock the ponds with herbivorous species. Such fish species as silver carp, carp, grass carp, pike, pike perch are biological reclamation of reservoirs. The basis of the chemical method of purification is the addition of special reagents of varying composition to the reservoir.  The main way to reduce thermal pollution is the gradual abandonment of fossil fuels and the transition to renewable energy using solar energy sources: light, wind and water resources. To ensure all methods of cleaning reservoirs, it is necessary to create specialized floating platforms (pontoons) when designing pontoon settlements.  On them it is possible to place bases for service of technical fleet (special equipment), various technological equipment;  platforms for placement of chemical reagents; fish farming platforms for biological treatment; sorting, temporary storage and processing of garbage, etc. Platforms must be modular, mobile, easy to transport, have mechanical strength and high load capacity. They can also be stationary and mobile, self-propelled and non-self-propelled depending on the functional load and floor-plate of the pontoon settlement. Pontoon settlements that are developed according to all the respective laws, norms and rules can be considered effective means of combating pollution of reservoirs and help restore their environmental resources.

Advances in Data Mining and Applications in Power Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Ang Bao ◽  
Wei Guo Pan ◽  
Wen Huan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Mining Technology ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Real Time Database

Describes the theory and methods of data mining technology, and the latest research progress home and abroad. In the equipment operation of various thermal power plants, more and more field data is stored in the DCS real-time database, and there is always an abundance of knowledge hidden behind the data. Adopting the date mining technology to process and analyze these data can optimize the operation of power plants and provide effective means for monitoring and evaluation of the equipment.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL AND GEOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF HEAT POWER COMPLEXES ON URBAN AREAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
T.V. Kril ◽  
M.G. Demchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Geological Hazards ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Geological Conditions

The impacts of thermal energy plants on the geological environment include the chemical pollution of groundwater and soils, changes in their physical and mechanical properties, and the induction of thermal, vibrational, and electromagnetic fields in the soil bases. The aim of the research is to determine geological hazards in large cities, where thermal powerplants and combined heat and power plants are located. The objects of research were soil foundations, buildings ofthermal power plants of industrial and urban agglomerations of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro and Odesa. The following hazardous objects have been identified in the thermal power plants located within the settlements: flue-gas stacks (static load, dynamic influences at significant wind loads, impact on the ecological state); cooling towers and cooling pools(leaks, additional soil moisture); engine rooms (static loading and vibration effects from equipment operation); pipelines(leaks, formation of thermal stresses in soils); ash settlers (environmental impact). The positions of heat power plant objects in relation to the functional zones of the city are analyzed. Description of soil bases is given. It is established that the bases of the thermal power plants buildings are mainly dispersed incoherent (sandy) and weakly cohesive (loess-like)soils. Changes in engineering and geological conditions during the operation of the thermal power plants, which can cause dangerous geological processes and provoke emergency situations, have been assessed. Indicators of criteria for identification of geological hazards when assessing risks during the operation of the thermal power plants are proposed on the basis of engineering-geological processes caused by technogenic factors.

Investigation of the effect of backwater on the propagation of thermal pollution during operation of a thermal power plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanina Parshakova ◽  
Tatyana Lyubimova ◽  
Anatoliy Lepikhin ◽  
Yuriy Lyakhin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Pollution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Direct Flow

<p>For operation of large thermal power plants, reservoirs-receivers are the most common type of cooler. Depending on the capacity of the power plants and the size of the water bodies used as reservoirs-receivers, the organization of the cooling system may be direct-flow or reverse. The main task of the effective operation of the cooling system is to ensure the stability of its functioning under conditions of significant variability of both hydrological and meteorological parameters. For the solution of this problem, the development of technological operation schemes based on computational experiments is of fundamental importance. It is also important to take into account the effect of thermal pollution on changes in the ice-thermal regime, hydrobiological processes in the area of the influence of the discharge of heated water. At the same time, it is important to take into account both technological and environmental criteria when assessing the parameters of temperature fields created during the discharge of heated water, depending on the complex of technological and hydrometeorological parameters.</p><p> </p><p>In the present paper, we considered the scenarios of the impact of the Perm Power Plant on the Kama reservoir using a direct-flow cooling system, which are of the great interest from an environmental and technological points of view. Three-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out for different operating modes of the Kama reservoir. Since significant vertical temperature heterogeneity is observed in reservoirs-receivers, in order to achieve sufficient correctness, calculations should be conducted in the general case using 3D models. However, the implementation of such calculations for large water bodies in the conditions of the extremely limited current monitoring network encounters very significant difficulties due to the limited computing resources. In this regard, a combined calculation scheme is proposed and is being implemented, including models in 1D, 2D, 3D formulations. 1D model was built for the entire reservoir, 2D model for 30 km-length section adjacent to the Perm Power Plant, and for 10 km-length section that includes the supply and discharge channels of the Perm Power Plant, 3D model was created.</p><p> </p><p>The calculations have shown that under conditions of strong wind in a direction opposite to the direction of the river flow, large-scale three-dimensional vortex is formed within several hours, the horizontal size of which is equal to the distance between the junctions of the supply and discharge channels with the reservoir, and the vertical size is equal to the depth of the river. The presence of backwater from the Kama hydroelectric station leads to the active movement of warm water in the surface layer against the river flow. In this case, in a few hours, warm water reaches the water intake point of the cooling channel, which is extremely undesirable from a technological point of view. Significant temperature heterogeneity also arises in depth, with the temperature gradient being greatest near the bottom of the river.</p><p> </p><p>The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 17-77-20093).</p>

scholarly journals STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN KHARKIV AND KHARKIV REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (159) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
I. Lynnyk ◽  
K. Vakulenko ◽  
N. Shille ◽  
N. Katasonova
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
The City ◽  
Stationary Sources

The risk of chemical pollution is assessed by the level of its possible negative impact on the atmosphere, soils, groundwater and surface water, vegetation, animals and humans. The state of atmospheric air in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region is analyzed and it is revealed that atmospheric air pollution comes from mobile and stationary sources of pollution. One of the main sources of pollution is thermal power plants and oil and gas companies. The largest number of emissions from stationary sources is in Zmiiv, Krasnograd, Balakliia, Chuguiv districts and Kharkiv. The largest number of emissions from mobile sources is observed in Kharkiv and Derhachiv districts. The most polluted areas of the city of Kharkiv were identified, especially the central district and the area of the railway station, and the causes of pollution were established. As a result of comparison of the accepted maximum admissible concentrations of chemical substances in Ukraine, the USA and the countries of the European Union it is revealed that the Ukrainian norms are stricter. An analysis of emissions since 1990 found that their 9,14-fold reduction was due to a reduction in production and the closure of some enterprises as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The sharp drop in emissions since 2013 is also due to the economic crisis and hostilities in eastern Ukraine. The reduction of emissions is explained not only by the reduction of production volumes, but also by the implementation of air protection measures carried out at the enterprises of the city and the region. There is a close link between pollutant emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) production, which can be used in the future to forecast emissions. Measures aimed at improving the state of atmospheric air in Kharkiv region and the city of Kharkiv are presented.

A Review on Utilization of Fly- Ash and Pond-Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Mix Design

2018 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Harshkumar Patel ◽  
Yogesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Pond Ash ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Ash Disposal

Now-a-days energy planners are aiming to increase the use of renewable energy sources and nuclear to meet the electricity generation. But till now coal-based power plants are the major source of electricity generation. Disadvantages of coal-based thermal power plants is disposal problem of fly ash and pond ash. It was earlier considered as a total waste and environmental hazard thus its use was limited, but now its useful properties have been known as raw material for various application in construction field. Fly ash from the thermal plants is available in large quantities in fine and coarse form. Fine fly ash is used in construction industry in some amount and coarse fly ash is subsequently disposed over land in slurry forms. In India around 180 MT fly is produced and only around 45% of that is being utilized in different sectors. Balance fly ash is being disposed over land. It needs one acre of land for ash disposal to produce 1MW electricity from coal. Fly ash and pond ash utilization helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources. The fly ash became available in coal based thermal power station in the year 1930 in USA. For its gainful utilization, scientist started research activities and in the year 1937, R.E. Davis and his associates at university of California published research details on use of fly ash in cement concrete. This research had laid foundation for its specification, testing & usages. This study reports the potential use of pond-ash and fly-ash as cement in concrete mixes. In this present study of concrete produced using fly ash, pond ash and OPC 53 grade will be carried. An attempt will be made to investigate characteristics of OPC concrete with combined fly ash and pond ash mixed concrete for Compressive Strength test, Split Tensile Strength test, Flexural Strength test and Durability tests. This paper deals with the review of literature for fly-ash and pond-ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document