scholarly journals Advancements in methods to detect and culture medically important anaerobic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaria Badar ◽  
Muhammad Zaid ◽  
Yasir Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Anaerobic bacteria are one of the most important bacteria, involved in a number of diseases and infections. These are also involved in food borne illness. Due to their fastidious nature, culturing anaerobic bacteria is a bit difficult task. Moreover, anaerobic bacteria can take several days and weeks to grow in laboratories. Apart from this, most bacteria just cannot be cultured in laboratories using standard (anaerobic) cultivation techniques known so far. Difficulties in microbiological detection result in delayed diagnosis of the diseases. Many patients suffer due to these facts, as rapid identification is not only difficult, but in many cases, is almost impossible. Thus, there is a need to develop novel techniques for the cultivation and identification of clinically important anaerobes. Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens is necessary for the prevention of foodborne disease and for the safe supply of food. Present article reviews and discusses advance techniques, both culture-dependent and culture-independent, that allow rapid detection of such important anaerobic bacteria. Advancements in culturing techniques has reduced the time to grow the anaerobic bacteria in laboratories. Whereas advancements in molecular techniques have enabled the rapid detection of medically important anaerobes including Clostridium, Bacteroides, and many others.

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens: Sporulation, Spore Resistance and Germination

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsiu Huang ◽  
Deepa Raju ◽  
Daniel Paredes-Sabja ◽  
Mahfuzur R Sarker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Spore Proteins

Clostridium perfringens are Gram-positive, endospore-forming, anaerobic bacteria with the ability to cause enteric diseases both in human and domesticated animals. As one of the leading cause of food-borne illness in the United States, certain C. perfringens type A isolates exert their action through the production of C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), which is expressed only during spore formation. In addition, C. perfringens spores are highly resistant to heat and other environmental factors. Since genome sequences of three C. perfringens strains have been annotated and made public, efforts have been made towards understanding the initiation of sporulation and identifying the key differences between Clostridium and Bacillus sporulation phosphorelay. Small, acid soluble spore proteins (SASPs) have been shown to be required for resistance of C. perfringens spores to heat. Work is also underway to identify nutrient signals required for C. perfringens spore germination. Keywords: Clostridium perfringens, Endospore, Small, acid soluble spore protein (SASP), Heat resistance, GerminationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1229 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 1-8

Food-borne Illness Surveillance and Etiology of Diarrhea in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afzalur Rahman ◽  
M Flora ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
M Billah
Keyword(s):  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness

scholarly journals In Silico Characterization of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Campylobacter Isolates Recovered from Food Sources and Sporadic Human Illness

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Bishoy Wadie ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Alshymaa Yousef ◽  
Shaimaa F. Mouftah ◽  
Mohamed Elhadidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Clonal Population Structure ◽  
In Silico Characterization

Campylobacter spp. represents the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide with the potential to cause serious sequelae. The ability of Campylobacter to survive stressful environmental conditions has been directly linked with food-borne illness. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules play an important role as defense systems against antimicrobial agents and are considered an invaluable strategy harnessed by bacterial pathogens to survive in stressful environments. Although TA modules have been extensively studied in model organisms such as Escherichia coli K12, the TA landscape in Campylobacter remains largely unexplored. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive in silico screen of 111 Campylobacter (90 C.jejuni and 21 C.coli) isolates recovered from different food and clinical sources was performed. We identified 10 type II TA systems belonging to four TA families predicted in Campylobacter genomes. Furthermore, there was a significant association between the clonal population structure and distribution of TA modules; more specifically, most (12/13) of the Campylobacter isolates belonging to ST-21 isolates possess HicB-HicA TA modules. Finally, we observed a high degree of shared synteny among isolates bearing certain TA systems or even coexisting pairs of TA systems. Collectively, these findings provide useful insights about the distribution of TA modules in a heterogeneous pool of Campylobacter isolates from different sources, thus developing a better understanding regarding the mechanisms by which these pathogens survive stressful environmental conditions, which will further aid in the future designing of more targeted antimicrobials.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of two chromogenic media for surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales with non-carbapenemase-producing or carbapenemase-producing strains other than blaKPC: blaGES-5, blaNDM-1 or blaVIM-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Chang-Hun Park
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Contact Precaution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) are an emerging problem associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. CREs are divided into two categories (carbapenemase-producing [CP] CRE and non-CP CRE). The most prevalent carbapenemase produced by Enterobacterales is Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in Korea. Rapid identification of CREs is clinically important in infection control precaution. We compared the performance of two chromogenic media (chromID CARBA agar and CHROMagar KPC agar) for non-CP CREs or CP CREs with blaGES-5, blaNDM-1 or blaVIM-2 in a Korean hospital. Methods The study was carried out during a 3-month period from April to June 2017 during the surveillance program for CRE colonization. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed at the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results A total of 45 rectal swabs from 42 hospitalized patients were examined. Sensitivity of both chromID CARBA and CHROMagar KPC were 100% for CP CREs; and 50% and 100% for non-CP CREs, respectively. Specificity of chromID CARBA and CHROMagar KPC were 89.2% and 70.3% for CP CRE, respectively; and 76.9% and 66.7% for non-CP CRE, respectively. Conclusions The CHROMagar KPC is useful to monitor non-CP and CP CREs. The chromID CARBA is efficient for rapid detection of CP CREs requiring high contact precaution.

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