scholarly journals WAYS OF IMPROVING THE SPECIFICITY OF THE LATEX AGGLUTINATION REACTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Sandzhieva ◽  
A. V. Bakhtina ◽  
А. А. Sivaev ◽  
L. Yu. Basyreva ◽  
S. A. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Aggregative Stability ◽  
Polymer Microspheres ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Narrow Size Distribution ◽  
Test Systems

The article describes research on the development of new diagnostic test systems operating on the basis of latex agglutination reaction, in which polymer microspheres are used as bioligand carriers instead of erythrocytes. Polymeric microspheres to be used as bioligand carriers must satisfy the following requirements: narrow size distribution, diameter of 5 microns. Besides, they must be characterized by aggregative stability in water and buffer solutions and be contained functional groups in the surface layer for linking with the functional groups of the protein. They are crosslinked particles obtained by copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene on polystyrene seed particles 1.5 microns in diameter with a narrow size distribution followed by modification by chloromethylation and amination by ethylenediamine. To increase the hydrophilicity of the surface of the polymer microspheres and to reduce nonspecific adsorption of proteins dextran was immobilized on the surface of the particles by covalent binding with amino groups of particles using Maillard reaction. It was found that diagnostic test systems, where modified dextran particles were used as carriers of the bioligand (Vi-antigen), are characterized by insufficient specificity and require additional modification of the surface of the polymer microspheres to eliminate its non-specific interaction with the surface of the polymer plate used for the latex agglutination reaction. A nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) proposed for the surface modification and used in a certain concentration provides the best reaction specificity.

Polymer microspheres for replacement of biological carriers in test systems operating on the principle of latex agglutination reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Gritskova ◽  
A. A. Sivaev ◽  
S. A. Gusev ◽  
S. M. Levachev ◽  
N. A. Lobanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Polymer Microspheres ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Test Systems

Macrostructure and microphysics of Saturn's E-ring

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Pang ◽  
Charles C. Voge ◽  
Jack W. Rhoads
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Narrow Size Distribution ◽  
Electrostatic Levitation ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
Micron Diameter

Abstract.All observed optical and infrared properties of Saturn's E-ring can be explained in terms of Mie scattering by a narrow size distribution of ice spheres of 2 - 2.5 micron diameter. The spherical shape of the ring particles and their narrow size distribution imply a molten (possibly volcanic) origin on Enceladus. The E-ring consists of many layers, possibly stratified by electrostatic levitation.

AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION REACTIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GONADOTROPHINS

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S95-S112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. W. M. Schuurs
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
New Method ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Main Application ◽  
Test Systems

ABSTRACT Various techniques for sensitising erythrocytes and latex particles with gonadotrophins, particularly with HCG, are described. The haemagglutination inhibition reactions are generally interpreted by means of »erythrocyte settling patterns«. By a new method of evaluating these patterns a relatively precise quantitative determination is possible. Latex agglutination inhibition reactions on slides are particularly suitable as rapid qualitative tests. In cases where the maximum attainable sensitivity of the agglutination inhibition tests is insufficient, e. g. for determining LH concentrations in urine, the hormone in the test fluid has to be concentrated or extracted. An alternative method is a modified haemagglutination inhibition test for large volumes which is applicable to unconcentrated urine. Due to non-specific inhibitions the above-mentioned tests cannot be applied to unprocessed serum. Agglutination inhibition tests with HCG are already well advanced, pregnancy diagnosis being their main application. Now that highly purified HCG is available, a satisfactory specificity for these tests can be attained. If the immune system for HCG is used for estimating LH, it has to meet additional specificity requirements. Furthermore, the measure of cross-reaction and the choice of standard merit special attention. Finally, a literature survey is given of test systems in which LH and FSH were used as antigens.

scholarly journals Influence of Multidimensional Graphene Oxide (GO) Sheets on Anti-Biofouling and Desalination Performance of Thin-Film Composite Membranes: Effects of GO Lateral Sizes and Oxidation Degree

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2860
Author(s):  
Bárbara E. Rodríguez ◽  
María Magdalena Armendariz-Ontiveros ◽  
Rodrigo Quezada ◽  
Esther A. Huitrón-Segovia ◽  
Humberto Estay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite

The influence of the lateral size and the content of graphene oxide (GO) flakes in specific oxygenate functional groups on the anti-biofouling properties and performance of thin-film composite membrane (TFC) was studied. Three different multidimensional GO samples were prepared with small (500–1200 nm), medium (1200–2300 nm), and large (2300–3600 nm) size distribution, and with different degrees of oxidation (GO3 > GO2 > GO1), varying the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide amount during GO synthesis. GO1 sheets’ length have a heterogeneous size distribution containing all size groups, whilst GO2 is contained in a medium-size group, and GO3 is totally contained within a small-size group. Moreover, GO oxygenate groups were controlled. GO2 and GO3 have hydroxyl and epoxy groups at the basal plane of their sheets. Meanwhile, GO1 presented only hydroxyl groups. GO sheets were incorporated into the polyamide (PA) layer of the TFC membrane during the interfacial polymerization reaction. The incorporation of GO1 produced a modified membrane with excellent bactericidal properties and anti-adhesion capacity, as well as superior desalination performance with high water flow (133% as compared with the unmodified membrane). For GO2 and GO3, despite the significant anti-biofouling effect, a detrimental impact on desalination performance was observed. The high content of large sheets in GO2 and small sheet stacking in GO3 produced an unfavorable impact on the water flow. Therefore, the synergistic effect due to the presence of large- and small-sized GO sheets and high content of OH-functional groups (GO1) made it possible to balance the performance of the membrane.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document