scholarly journals Iraqi Women Preserve Gains Despite Wartime Problems

1970 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Andrea Laurenz
Keyword(s):  
Arab Countries ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
Iraqi Women

Despite the pull of conservative tradition and the nation's goal, since the war with Iran, Iraqi women today have more economic and social opportunities than women in most other Arab countries. It can also be argued that Iraqi women have more opportunities and legal rights than women in many Western countries.

The Fragmentation of Gender in Post-Invasion Iraq

2017 ◽  
pp. 426-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ali
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter explores the evolution of gender and women’s rights struggles in Iraq since the establishment of the Personal Status Code in 1959 and shed light on the ethnosectarian fragmentation of women’s legal rights in post-invasion Iraq. The chapter argues that in order to explore women’s rights and conditions of lives in Iraq it is essential to explore the evolution of women’s rights and gender issues historically and through a complex lens of analysis rather than applying a predefined argument involving an undifferentiated “Islam” or age-old gender-based violence. It seeks to show that gender issues have been entangled with issues of nationhood, religion, and with the nature of the political regime since the very foundation of the Iraqi Republic in 1958. First, the chapter examines the debates and mobilizations around women’s legal rights in Iraq. Secondly, it highlights the development of political, economic, and military violence since the 1980s and its impact on gender norms and relations. Finally, it analyzes the specific context of ethnosectarian fragmentation in which Iraqi women have lived and mobilized since 2003.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of the civil society phenomenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
А. Л. Тимчук ◽  
Н. В. Полторацька
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
Basic Features

The article analyzes idealistic views on the phenomenon of "civil society". The authors emphasize that civil society is a society of justice and civil consensus, where each citizen is guaranteed civil, political and socio-economic rights and explores the basic features (features) of civil society. First, it is a society of justice. The next major feature is civic consent, that is, the establishment of a new social order through dialogue and spiritual and political consensus.According to the authors, human rights are guaranteed in every democratically organized society, and the state claiming to be legal has no right, but is obliged in its legislation to foresee and actually guarantee by legal and other means those rights which are due to the state recognitions acquire the character of subjective legal rights. As a result of the adoption of international standards by states, the very concept of a person and in domestic law becomes legal and designates citizens of that state, as well as foreigners and stateless persons who reside in its territory. And human rights are those rights that belong to every person regardless of their nationality.The authors conclude that no sharp and insurmountable boundary can be drawn between human rights and citizens' rights. Human rights are a social category. They are formed objectively as a result of the development and improvement of social production and the system of public administration of society in the form of social opportunities to enjoy various economic, political and spiritual benefits, and exist before their state recognition. And citizens' rights are those human rights that are under the protection and protection of the state.

Death Obsession in Arabic and Western Countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek
Keyword(s):  
Arab Countries ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mean

The current investigation compared a measure of death obsession among 1,853 volunteer undergraduates from four Arab countries (Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Syria) with 791 from three Western countries, i.e., Britain, Spain, and the USA. Comparable Arabic, Spanish, and English versions of the Death Obsession Scale were used. The mean scores on death obsession for the Arabic participants were higher than those of their Western counterparts for both men and women.

scholarly journals الاشتراك المالي بين الزوجين حقيقته، وتكييفه، وحكمه الشرعي

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-314
Author(s):  
Asma Salmeen Aleryani
Keyword(s):  
Arab Countries ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Financial Participation

The research deals with the issue of financial participation between the spouses, which was introduced by some western countries, such as France, and some Arab countries, such as Morocco and others. Its idea revolves around the sharing of money between the spouses after divorce by parity, in contradiction to what the Sharia has stated regarding the separation of financial receivables for both spouses. This research came to show the reality of financial sharing between spouses, its origin in jurisprudence, and its islamic rulin

scholarly journals Research Centers in Saudi Arabia “the present and hopeful realities and merits": A theoretical study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hind Al-Maizar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

During the 1960s, the Arab countries began to establish specialized research centers such as the National Center for Social and Criminal Research in Egypt. And according to the latest report from the University of Pennsylvania in 2015, the number of research centers in Arab countries varied and showed a kind of disparity in numbers. Although Saudi Arabia possesses the financial, physical, economic, political, and societal components that help to create large numbers of research centers at a high level, it ranks 15th among Arab countries and has only four research centers. This raises the question about: What are the present realities and future hopes of research centers in Saudi Arabia? So, this current study focuses on: the number of research centers in Western countries in comparison to Arab countries, the reality of research centers in Saudi Arabia, and the obstacles facing the establishment of research centers in the country and in the Gulf countries. It also provides a set of proposals that may lead to an increase in the number of research centers in Saudi Arabia, the issues to be studied by such research centers, and the future vision for decision-makers. The results of the study show the small number of research centers in Saudi Arabia in particular and the Gulf countries in general compared to foreign countries. They also show that the United States of America obtained the first rank among other Western countries and Egypt ranked first among Arab countries.

Principals’ knowledge of school law in Kuwait: implications for professional development

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Ayeshah Ahmed Alazmi
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
School Law ◽  
School Level ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Professional Development Programs

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine a principal's knowledge of school law in Kuwait. It further aims to examine the relationship between a principal's knowledge of school law and other variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a quantitative research paradigm. Data for this study, collected via survey, were collected from a sample of 369 public school principals.FindingsUsing descriptive and inferential statistical methods, the findings indicated that school principals have only limited knowledge about the legal rights of teachers and students. Furthermore, the results revealed a significant difference in knowledge of school law relative to a principal's gender, school level, years of experience, knowledge source and the number of completed school law training courses.Practical implicationsThe implications for professional development programs which prepare all school leaders to serve the needs of students’ and teachers’ rights are included.Originality/valueStudies showed that there is a lack of research regarding a principal's legal knowledge in the Arab countries. As such, this study examined a school principal's knowledge of school law in Kuwait and discussed the associated implications for principal professional development programs.

scholarly journals IRAQI EFL COLLEGE INSTRUCTORS’ AWARENESS OF SOME OF THE PROBLEMS OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Muna DALAF ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
English Department ◽  
College Instructors ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
To Receive

Applied linguistics is one of the most influential disciplines that appeared in the twentieth century. This discipline received a major interest in many western countries. In many Arab countries; this discipline started to receive the attention gradually. This research is an attempt to investigate Iraqi instructors’ background knowledge of applied linguistics at AL- Mustansiryiah University-English department and some instructors from different Iraqi universities. To collect the data, twenty instructors gave their opinions through a questionnaire, while, eight other instructors contributed through an interview. The results of this study showed a variation in the answers of the instructors. That is different and contradictory answers and opinions were given regarding some of the questions in the field. As a result, it is really preferable and recommended to do workshops to enhance the background knowledge of the instructors regarding this field.

Association of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus with Breast Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Frequency Peak ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Shift Pattern ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Age Shift

  Breast cancer forms the most common cancer in women worldwide [1,2] and in Arab countries [3]. Breast cancer accounts for about 1/3 of the registered female cancer in Iraq [4] and with incidence rate of 31.1/ 100 000 in Iraqi women , while it was 18.4 for Iran, 22.4 for Saudi Arabia, 23.0 for Syria, 28.3 for Turkey, 47.0 for Jordan, and 47.7 for Kuwait [5,6]. Recent study in Iraq reported a trend for breast cancer to affect younger age group [7]. This study shows that the highest frequency of breast cancer (32.4%) was in women with age of 21-30 years. Unfortunately, 79.7% of breast cancer cases were in women with age of ≤ 40 years. In addition, 14.9% of breast cancer cases were in women with age of 16-18 years and 52.7% were in those with age of ≤ 30 years. This age shift pattern of breast cancer in Iraqi women was not consistent with previous studies in Iraq [6-12], Arab countries and globally [13,14]. The peak frequency of our study was 21-30 years, while previous studies in Iraq [15-21] indicated that breast cancer frequency peak was in fifth decade of life, in Asian countries in 40-50 years and it was 60-70 years in Western countries [22].

Economic Relationship between Italy and Lebanon in the Fifties

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Conte
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
Second World

Italy and Lebanon signed the first friendship agreement between an Arab and a Western country after the Second World War. Both countries profited from this agreement: Italy could use it as a model for future agreements with other Arab countries and Lebanon with other Western countries. The uniqueness of this agreement is the fair-trade which was unusual in international agreements signed between Western countries and Arab countries. As one of the defeated countries, it was very important for Italy to build a new relationship with the Mediterranean countries. Therefore the first step had to be a political agreement and then an economic and trade agreement. The United Kingdom and France did not want Italy to start a new relation with Lebanon, particularly France which was jealous of her ex-mandate. Nevertheless, Italy succeeded in setting a very good relationship with Lebanon along the Fifties.

Spiritual Healing, Sick Kids and the Law: Inequities in the American Healthcare System

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 269-299
Author(s):  
Janna C. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Spiritual Healing ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Human Need ◽  
East End ◽  
The Church

Main Street in Sarasota, Florida. A high-tech medical arts building rises from the east end, the county's historic three-story courthouse is two blocks to the west and sandwiched in between is the First Church of Christ, Scientist. A verse inscribed on the wall behind the pulpit of the church reads: “Divine Love Always Has Met and Always Will Meet Every Human Need.” This is the church where William and Christine Hermanson worshipped. It is just a few steps away from the courthouse where they were convicted of child abuse and third-degree murder for failing to provide conventional medical care for their seven-year-old daughter.This Article is about the intersection of “divine love” and “the best interests of the child.” It is about a pluralistic society where the dominant culture reveres medical science, but where a religious minority shuns and perhaps fears that same medical science. It is also about the struggle among different religious interests to define the legal rights of the citizenry.

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