Stratum Granulosum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Granulosum

The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

scholarly journals Ichthyoses—A Clinical and Pathological Spectrum from Heterogeneous Cornification Disorders to Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Dieter Metze ◽  
Heiko Traupe ◽  
Kira Süßmuth
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Epidermolytic Ichthyosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Keratinization Disorders ◽  
Gene Defects ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods

Ichthyoses are inborn keratinization disorders affecting the skin only (non-syndromic) or are associated with diseases of internal organs (syndromic). In newborns, they can be life-threatening. The identification of the gene defects resulted in reclassification and a better understanding of the pathophysiology. Histopathologic patterns include orthohyperkeratosis with a reduced or well-developed stratum granulosum, hyperkeratosis with ortho- and parakeratosis with preserved or prominent stratum granulosum, and epidermolytic ichthyosis. Another pattern features “perinuclear vacuoles and binucleated keratinocytes”, which is associated with keratin mutations. Some ichthyoses are histologically defined by psoriasis-like features, and distinct subtypes show follicular hyperkeratosis. In addition to histological and immunohistochemical methods, these patterns allow a better histopathologic diagnosis.

Tight junction dysfunction in the stratum granulosum leads to aberrant stratum corneum barrier function in claudin-1-deficient mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Sugawara ◽  
Noriko Iwamoto ◽  
Masaya Akashi ◽  
Taro Kojima ◽  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Deficient Mice

Relationship between Condylomata and Laryngeal Papillomata

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric A. Quick ◽  
R. A. Krzyzek ◽  
Susan L. Watts ◽  
A. J. Faras
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Laryngeal Papilloma ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
Blot Technique ◽  
Positive Hybridization

In a survey of 49 papilloma patients accurate maternal condyloma history was obtained in 31 instances and of these, 21 were positive for the presence of condyloma during pregnancy or parturition. Molecular virological studies indicate that positive hybridization could be demonstrated to human papilloma virus 2 in both laryngeal papilloma and condyloma by the Southern blot technique. Immunoperoxidase staining illustrated the presence of virus-related particles only near the surface of the mucous membrane papilloma, which is in contrast to the definite staining of the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum of verrucae. Collectively this provides convincing evidence for an etiological relationship between condyloma acuminata and some laryngeal papillomata. The highly contagious nature of human papilloma virus infection is discussed and the possibility of cesarian section in the presence of active condyloma must be considered.

scholarly journals Expression and localization of monocarboxylate transporters and sodium/proton exchangers in bovine rumen epithelium

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. R997-R1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Graham ◽  
I. Gatherar ◽  
I. Haslam ◽  
M. Glanville ◽  
N. L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Rumen Epithelium

Monocarboxylate-H+ cotransporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) SLC16A, have been suggested to mediate transruminal fluxes of short-chain fatty acids, ketone bodies, and lactate. Using an RT-PCR approach, we demonstrate expression of MCT1 (SLC16A1) and MCT2 (SLC16A7) mRNA in isolated bovine rumen epithelium. cDNA sequence from these PCR products combined with overlapping expressed sequence tag data allowed compilation of the complete open reading frames for MCT1 and MCT2. Immunohistochemical localization of MCT1 shows plasma membrane staining in cells of the stratum basale, with intense staining of the basal aspects of the cells. Immunostaining decreased in the cell layers toward the rumen lumen, with weak staining in the stratum spinsoum. Immunostaining in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum was essentially negative. Since monocarboxylate transport will load the cytosol with acid, expression and location of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) family members within the rumen epithelium were determined. RT-PCR demonstrates expression of multiple NHE family members, including NHE1, NHE2, NHE3, and NHE8. In contrast to MCT1, immunostaining showed that NHE1 was predominantly localized to the stratum granulosum, with a progressive decrease toward the stratum basale. NHE2 immunostaining was observed mainly at an intracellular location in the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum granulosum. Given the anatomic localization of MCT1, NHE1, and NHE2, the mechanism of transruminal short-chain fatty acid, ketone body, and lactate transfer is discussed in relation to a functional model of the rumen epithelium comprising an apical permeability barrier at the stratum granulosum, with a cell syncitium linking the stratum granulosum to the blood-facing stratum basale.

Initiation of cornification is regulated by Ca 2+ and pH in isolated mouse stratum granulosum cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. e130
Author(s):  
Takeshi Matsui ◽  
Yuki Furuichi ◽  
Ai Hirabayashi ◽  
Masayuki Amagai
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Granulosum

scholarly journals Pathology and immunohistochemistry of papillomavirus-associated cutaneous lesions in Cape mountain zebra, giraffe, sable antelope and African buffalo in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Williams ◽  
E. Van Dyk ◽  
P. J. Nel ◽  
E. Lane ◽  
E. Van Wilpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Equine Sarcoid

Skin lesions associated with papillomaviruses have been reported in many animal species and man. Bovine papillomavirus (BVP) affects mainly the epidermis, but also the dermis in several species including bovine, the best-known example being equine sarcoid, which is associated with BVP types 1 and 2. This publication describes and illustrates the macroscopic and histological appearance of BPV-associated papillomatous, fibropapillomatous or sarcoid-like lesions in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from the Gariep Dam Nature Reserve, 2 giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) from the Kruger National Park, and a sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) from the Kimberley area of South Africa. An African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) cow from Kruger National Park also had papillomatous lesions but molecular characterisation of lesional virus was not done. Immunohistochemical staining using polyclonal rabbit antiserum to chemically disrupted BPV-1, which cross-reacts with the L1 capsid of most known papillomaviruses, was positive in cells of the stratum granulosum of lesions in Giraffe 1, the sable and the buffalo and negative in those of the zebra and Giraffe 2. Fibropapillomatous and sarcoid-like lesions from an adult bovine were used as positive control for the immunohistochemistry and are described and the immunohistochemistry illustrated for comparison. Macroscopically, both adult female giraffe had severely thickened multifocal to coalescing nodular and occasionally ulcerated lesions of the head, neck and trunk with local poorly-circumscribed invasion into the subcutis. Necropsy performed on the 2nd giraffe revealed neither internal metastases nor serious underlying disease. Giraffe 1 had scattered, and Giraffe 2 numerous, large, anaplastic, at times indistinctly multinucleated dermal fibroblasts with bizarre nuclei within the sarcoid-like lesions, which were BPV-1 positive in Giraffe 1 and BPV-1 and -2 positive in Giraffe 2 by RT-PCR. The sable antelope presented with a solitary large lesion just proximal to the right hind hoof, which recurred after excision, and was BPV-1 positive by RT-PCR. Other wart-like growths were present elsewhere on the body. The Cape mountain zebra either succumbed from their massive lesions or were euthanased or removed from the herd because of them. The lesions wereBPV-1 and/or -2 positive byRT-PCR. The buffalo lesions were wart-like papillomatous projections in the inguinal and udder region. Stratum granulosum cells that stained immunohistochemically positive in the various species appeared koilocyte-like, as described in human papillomaviral lesions.

Functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. R173-R181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Graham ◽  
N. L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers

The functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium has been examined by electron and light microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry to define a transport model for this epithelium. Expression of connexin 43, an integral component of gap junctions, the tight-junction molecules claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and the catalytic α-subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. From the lumen surface, four cell layers can be distinguished: the stratum corneum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. Both claudin-1 and ZO-1 immunostaining showed plasma membrane staining, which was present at the stratum granulosum with decreasing intensity through the stratum spinosum to the stratum basale. The stratum corneum was negative for claudin-1 immunostaining. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that occluding tight junctions were present at the stratum granulosum. Plasma membrane connexin 43 immunostaining was most intense at the stratum granulosum and decreased in intensity through stratum spinosum and stratum basale. There was intense immunostaining of the stratum basale for Na+-K+-ATPase, with weak staining of the stratum spinosum. Both the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum were essentially negative. Stratum basale cells also displayed a high mitochondrial density relative to more apical cell layers. We conclude that epithelial barrier function may be attributed to the stratum granulosum and that cell-cell gap junctions allow diffusion to interconnect the barrier cell layer with the stratum basale where Na+-K+-ATPase is concentrated.

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