Development of Antibodies against HPV-6 and HPV-11 for the Study of Laryngeal Papilloma

Laryngeal papilloma (LP), which is associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV)-6 or -11, displays aggressive growth. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the tumorigenesis of LP has yet to be uncovered. Building on our earlier research into HPV-6, in this study, the viral gene expression of HPV-11 was investigated by quantitative PCR and DNA/RNA in situ hybridization. Additionally, newly developed antibodies against the E4 protein of HPV-6 and HPV-11 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The average viral load of HPV-11 in LP was 1.95 ± 0.66 × 105 copies/ng DNA, and 88% of HPV mRNA expression was found to be E4, E5a, and E5b mRNAs. According to RNA in situ hybridization, E4 and E5b mRNAs were expressed from the middle to upper part of the epithelium. E4 immunohistochemistry revealed a wide positive reaction in the upper cell layer in line with E4 mRNA expression. Other head and neck lesions with HPV-11 infection also showed a positive reaction in E4 immunohistochemistry. The distribution pattern of HPV DNA, viral mRNA, and E4 protein in LP with HPV-11 infection was quite similar to that of HPV-6. Therefore, it might be possible to apply these E4-specific antibodies in other functional studies as well as clinical applications, including targeted molecular therapies in patients with HPV-6 and HPV-11 infection.

Laser microsurgery in the therapeutic management of atypical laryngeal papilloma – comments on a clinical case

Papillomas are some of the most common injuries found in the larynx and belong to the category of precancerous, progressive, recurrent conditions, with a high severity potential. They take two clinical forms: recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and keratinised squamous papilloma. In this article, the authors present the main elements of therapeutic conduct applied to a patient diagnosed with keratinised squamous papilloma. This case highlights peculiarities related to the atypical location of the tumor, the patient’s personal history, the surgical approach difficulties encountered in this case and the advantages conferred by laser technology in successfully solving such a pathology.

Coordinated Expression of HPV-6 Genes with Predominant E4 and E5 Expression in Laryngeal Papilloma

Laryngeal papilloma (LP) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)-6 or -11 infection shows aggressive growth. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of virus-driven tumorigenesis has not been uncovered fully. HPV-6 viral gene expression and dynamic alterations were investigated with in situ localization of viral DNA and RNA in 13 patients with HPV-6-infected laryngeal papilloma. The average viral load was 4.80 × 105 ± 1.86 × 105 copies/ng DNA. E4, E5a, and E5b mRNAs accounted for 96% of the expression of 9 mRNAs. The alteration of viral DNA load during recurrence paralleled the mRNA expression levels, and the expression of all mRNAs showed a similar curve. E4, E5a, and E5b were expressed in the middle to upper part of the epithelium and were co-expressed in the same cells. E4 immunohistochemistry demonstrated an extensively positive reaction in the upper cell layer in accordance with E4 mRNA expression. These results suggest that individual viral genes are coordinately expressed for viral replication, virus release, and immunosurveillance avoidance. The newly developed E4-specific monoclonal antibody can be applied to further functional studies and clinical applications such as targeted molecular therapies.

Role of thuja in the management of laryngeal papilloma

Juvenile respiratory laryngeal papillomatosis is a subset of a larger clinical entity of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. It is characterised by the development of recurrent papillomata in the vocal folds. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 has been implicated to be the most common strain of virus associated with the formation of laryngeal papilloma. Clinical diagnosis is based on typical appearance of warty lesion on endoscopy. Surgery is the primary line of management along with adjuvant therapy like antiviral drugs and immunomodulators. Thuja occidentalis is a tree native to North America whose leaves and leaf oil have antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. It has been widely used for the treatment of condylomatous skin lesions and warts. Here we discuss the outcome of thuja as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis in an 8-year-old child.

Combined Use of a Gum Elastic Bougie and Video Laryngoscopy for Intubating a Patient With an Unexpected Laryngeal Papilloma

This is a case report of a 75-year-old man scheduled for apical resection and cystectomy of odontogenic cysts involving both maxillary central incisors who presented with a previously unknown laryngeal mass that was discovered prior to intubation. Following induction and easy mask ventilation, direct laryngoscopy revealed a large mass on the right side of the glottis that impeded passage of a standard oral endotracheal tube. Successful atraumatic intubation was performed with the combination of a video laryngoscope (King Vision, Ambu Inc, Ballerup, Denmark) and a gum elastic bougie (GEB). Although a GEB may not be used routinely for tracheal intubation, it facilitated smooth advancement of the endotracheal tube without damaging the laryngeal mass when used in combination with video laryngoscopy.

Promotion of BZW2 by LINC00174 through miR-4500 inhibition enhances proliferation and apoptosis evasion in laryngeal papilloma

Background We aimed to explore the roles of basic leucine zipper and W2 domains (BZW) 2 in the human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomatosis. Methods In the present study, BZW 2 knockdown and overexpressed cell lines were constructed. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to determine cell proliferation. Caspase-3 activity and nucleosomes fragmentation assays were used to determine cell apoptosis. qRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels of target genes, respectively. Luciferase and biotin-coupled miRNA pulldown assays were used to examine the interactions between mRNA and mRNA. Results We observed the levels of BZW2 were up-regulated in the laryngeal papilloma (LP) tissues as compared with adjacent tissues. The knockdown of BZW2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in the LP cells. Additionally, we identified the expressions of BZW2 negatively regulated by miR-4500. Luciferase and biotin-coupled miRNA pulldown assays demonstrated that LINC00174 competed with the BZW2 for binding with miR-4500. Moreover, the results showed that LINC00174/miR-4500/BZW2 axis regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the regulation of LINC00174/miR-4500/BZW2 axis might be used as an effective strategy for treatment of human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomatosis.