West North Central States Census Division

Background: Recent studies have shown strong geographic variation in oral anticoagulation (OAC) use in atrial fibrillation (AF); however, it remains unknown how this contributes to the geographic variation in ischemic stroke observed across the US. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the geographic variation in the initiation of OAC and the incidence of ischemic stroke in a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with AF. Methods: Using 2013-2014 claims data from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we identified patients newly diagnosed with AF in 2013-2014 and categorized them according to their initiation of OAC. Our sample included 21,226 OAC initiators and 20,068 patients who did not initiate OAC therapy. We assigned each patient to one of the 9 US Census Divisions using the zip code, and collected their medical claims with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. We constructed logistic regression models to estimate the average adjusted probability of OAC initiation and Poisson models to estimate the average adjusted rate of ischemic stroke, in each Census Division. Both estimates were adjusted for demographics, eligibility for Medicaid coverage and for low-income subsidy, enrollment in a Medicare Advantage Part D plan, and a comprehensive list of clinical characteristics. We computed the correlation between the average adjusted probability of OAC initiation and the average adjusted rate of ischemic stroke at the Census Division level. Results: The probability of OAC initiation was lowest in the West South Central (0.47) and highest in the West North Central (0.54) and New England (0.54). The average adjusted rate of ischemic stroke was lowest in the West North Central (0.09) and highest in the South Atlantic (0.14) and South West Central (0.14). The average adjusted probability of OAC initiation at the Census Division level and the average adjusted rate of ischemic stroke were inversely correlated, with R=-0.576, p-value=0.10. This suggests that variation in OAC initiation likely explains at least a third of geographic variation in ischemic stroke [R 2 =(-0.576) 2 =0.332]. Conclusions: Our results suggest that geographic variations in OAC initiation within the U.S. explain, in part, variations in the incidence of ischemic stroke among AF patients. Further mechanistic research using advanced causal mediation models is warranted.

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Meropenem-Vaborbactam Activity against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolates Collected in U.S. Hospitals during 2016 to 2018

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01951-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariana Castanheira ◽

Timothy B. Doyle ◽

Valerie Kantro ◽

Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽

Dee Shortridge

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

The West ◽

North Central ◽

Central Division ◽

Census Division ◽

Middle Atlantic ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

South Central ◽

West North Central

The activities of meropenem-vaborbactam and comparators against 152 (1.1%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates identified among 13,929 Enterobacterales isolates collected from U.S. hospitals during 2016 to 2018 were evaluated. CRE rates were higher in the Middle Atlantic census division (3.5%) than in the other divisions (range, 0.0% for the West North Central division to 1.4% for the West South Central division).

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PRE-BONNEVILLE LAKES IN CACHE VALLEY AND EXCAVATION OF CUTLER NARROWS ACROSS THE CACHE BUTTE DIVIDE IN THE WEST, NORTH-CENTRAL UTAH AND SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO

10.1130/abs/2020rm-346804 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Q. Oaks ◽

◽

Susanne U. Janecke ◽

Tammy M. Rittenour ◽

Thad L. Erickson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The West ◽

North Central ◽

Cache Valley ◽

West North Central

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Handbook of American Institutions for Delinquent Juveniles, Vol. I: West North Central States, 1938.William B. Cox, F. Lovell Bixby

American Journal of Sociology ◽

10.1086/218354 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 502-502

Keyword(s):

North Central ◽

West North Central

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PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.3.6.865 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 865-865

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

New York ◽

New England ◽

Central Area ◽

General Distribution ◽

North Central ◽

Medical Social Work ◽

South Central ◽

Health Nursing ◽

West North Central

A "Measles Year" ACCORDING to the reports of the U.S. Public Health Service, this is a measles year. For example, a total of 15,266 cases were reported for the week of January 29, 1949, compared to a five year median of 6,712. Increases were reported in all geographic divisions except New England and the West North Central area. The largest increases were in the East South Central and South Atlantic areas. Of the total that week, an aggregate of 10,522 cases occurred in the following 12 states: Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, Texas, Oregon, and California. In contrast to measles, the influenza incidence picture shows an unusually low number of cases. For example, in the week of January 29, 1949, a total of 4,534 cases was reported, compared to a five year median of 14,253. List of Publications Under date of March 1948 the Children's Bureau has published a list of its publications. The list includes all publications of the Children's Bureau issued since 1945 that are available for general distribution; earlier publications of the Bureau that are still available and of current value; some reprints of material published elsewhere but reproduced by or for the Bureau. Pediatricians will find some of these reprints of particular interest. Single copies of the list and of most of the publications can be obtained free from the Children's Bureau, Washington 25, D.C.

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PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2.1.138 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 138-140

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

South Carolina ◽

New England ◽

The West ◽

Central Section ◽

North Central ◽

South Central ◽

High Incidence ◽

Health Nursing ◽

West North Central

THE accompanying table summarizes the incidence of nine important communicable diseases, based on weekly telegraphic reports from State health departments. The reports from each State for each week are published in PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS under the section "Incidence of Disease." [See Table in Source Pdf]. Diseases Above Median Incidence Measles—The number of cases of measles rose from 102,680 during the preceding 4 weeks to 114,983 during the 4 weeks ended May 22. The incidence was 3.4 times the number of cases reported for the corresponding period in 1947, which was, however, a comparatively low measles year, but it was only about 10 percent above the 1943-47 median. In the New England and East South Central sections the incidence was below the normal expectancy and in the South Atlantic section the number of cases was only slightly higher than the median for the preceding 5 years, but in the other 6 sections the increases over the median expectancy ranged from 1.1 times the median in the West North Central section to 3.4 times the median in the West South Central section. Poliomyelitis.— The number of cases of poliomyelitis rose from 126 during the preceding 4-week period to 440 during the current 4 weeks. The incidence was 3.5 times that reported for these weeks in 1947, which number (126 cases) also represents the 1943-47 median. An increase of this disease is expected at this season of the year, but the current number of cases represents a larger increase at this time than has normally occurred in preceding years. While each section of the country except New England contributed to the relatively high incidence, the greatest excesses over the 5-year medians were reported from the West North Central and West South Central sections. Of the total cases Texas reported 179, California 62, South Carolina 46, New Jersey 16, Iowa 14, Florida 12, Alabama 11, and Illinois, South Dakota, and Louisiana 10 each; 85 percent of the reported cases occurred in those 10 states which represent every section of the country except the New England and Mountain sections. Since the beginning of the year there have been 947 cases of poliomyelitis reported as compared with 894 and 810 for the corresponding period in 1947 and 1946, respectively.

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