The influence of instability of the sensitivity of the matrix receiver on the measurement error of the space-energy characteristics of a laser beam

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
A. M. Raitsin ◽  
◽  
M. V. Ulanovskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
The Matrix

scholarly journals Method of calculation of energy characteristics heat turbines taking into account the economy of the low pressure flow part

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
K.N. Bubnov ◽  
A.E. Barochkin ◽  
V.P. Zhukov ◽  
G.V. Ledukhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Network Water ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Flow Part ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

Thermal power plants require regular review of regulatory energy performance. Data sources for this can be the results of thermal tests or typical energy characteristics of units. The first way is costly, the second only partially allows taking into account the technical condition of the equipment. An urgent task is to develop a methodology for constructing energy characteristics that would make it possible to solve this problem with reasonable accuracy and using minimal resources. Such conditions are met by the existing methodology for determining the energy characteristics of turbines which is based on the methodology of matrix formalization of the calculation of energy-mass-exchange plants. The technique has been tested in relation to turbines with one-stage heat recovery. The aim of this study is to increase the accuracy of the calculation using the developed methodology for the energy characteristics of turbines with two-stage heat recovery. The turbine installation is simulated within the framework of the matrix formalization methodology using the equations of mass and energy balances solved by mathematical programming methods. The energy charac-teristics of the equipment are determined in accordance with the existing regulatory approach. The methodology for determining the energy characteristics of turbine plants developed in the framework of the matrix formalization meth-odology has been extended to the case of calculating steam turbines with two-stage heating selection by taking into account the dependence of the efficiency indicators of the low-pressure flow part on the position of the control diaphragm for different modes of heating network water. The results of test calculations with reasonable accuracy coincided with the energy characteristics of the operating turbine. For modes with one- and two-stage heating of network water, it is advisable to use different methods of accounting for the efficiency indicators of the low-pressure flow part. In this case, the introduction of the dependence of the internal relative efficiency of the low pressure part on the relative volumetric steam flow into the model for the regime with two-stage heating of network water allows achieving accuracy acceptable for solving practical problems.

scholarly journals Reducing the prior identification uncertainty of the bearing of active interference sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Batkovsky ◽  
E. B. Mazakov ◽  
V. Ya. Trofimets ◽  
E. N. Trofimets ◽  
A. V. Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Software Systems ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Correlation Integral ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Interference Signals ◽  
Practical Implications

Problem statement. In measuring the spatial coordinates of sources of active interference, one of the main tasks is to identify their bearings. This problem belongs to the class of multi-alternative problems of statistical choice of hypotheses, the solution of which becomes much more complicated with an increase in the number of sources of active interference.Objective. Reduce the prior uncertainty in identifying bearings of active interference sources due to the use of differences in their energy characteristics at the stage of primary processing of interference signals, recalculated to the points of intersection of bearings.Results. The article discusses the processing features of bearing information in a two-position radar system. It is shown that in these systems, due to the absence of redundant information, the identification of bearings is a multi-alternative problem of statistical choice of hypotheses. The analysis of the matrix of coordinates of intersections of azimuthal bearings is carried out, a rule for identifying possible hypotheses of identification is formulated. It is proposed to use the energy differences of interference signals to reduce the prior uncertainty in identifying bearings. It is shown that a measure of this difference can be the value of the correlation integral, calculated at the stage of primary processing of interference signals.Practical implications. The principle of bearing identification considered in the article can be used to implement the identification of bearings from sources of active interference and other various radio emission objects, including space ones, when upgrading the mathematical and software systems for information processing.

Research of On-Line Large-Size Forging Measurement System Based on LabVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1577-1580
Author(s):  
Xian Ling Zhao ◽  
Jian Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Manual Measurement ◽  
Large Size ◽  
On Line ◽  
Large Measurement ◽  
Time Changes

Forging temperature is usually around 1000°C in free forging scene. Manual measurement leads to large measurement errors. Adopting the non-contact 3D scanning technology, make the laser beam sweep across the forging surface to get three-dimensional coordinates of the points on the forging surface in space. Neighboring scan points separate by less than 0.25mm. The measurement error is less than 6mm. The coordinate,s data are sent to the LabVIEW procedure. The procedure analyzes the coordinates to calculate the size of the large-size forging to realize automatic measurement of the forgings. The procedure can also reconstruct the image of the large-size forging. These make us detect the real-time changes of the forging far from the free forging scene.

Effects of Key Parameters on the Performance of a New In-Process Optical Measurement Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 295-296 ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Tao ◽  
Y. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
New Method ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Measuring Surface ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Optical Measurement Method

A new in-process optical measurement method has been developed for measuring surface profiles of workpieces under the coolant condition. In this method, a laser beam passes through two additional layers. This paper presents an error analysis for the new method. The effects of key parameters on performance of the new method are examined. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the measurement error in this new method can be controlled within an acceptable range.

Correct measurement methodology spatial-energy characteristics of laser beams

Metrologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
A. M. Raitsmm ◽  
M. V. Ulanovskii
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Uniformity Of Measurements ◽  
Spatial Intensity Distribution ◽  
Array Detectors

A methodology for correct measurements of the spatial and energy characteristics of a laser beam is considered, based on the determination of the initial moments of the spatial intensity distribution in the beam cross section. The classification of radiation fields participating in the measuring process is given: emitted, measured and measured. It is shown that ISO 11146:2005 “Lasers and laser-related equipment. Test methods for laser beam widths, divergence angles and beam propagation ratios, Part 1-3” for measuring the spatial and energy characteristics of laser beams leads to incorrect measurements. This is due to the fact that the recommendations for the application of ISO 11146:2005 do not take into account the dynamic range of the used matrix radiation detectors, and the characteristics of the emitted field of interest to the user turn out to be diverging, which violates the uniformity of measurements. Moreover, the conditions ensuring the convergence of the results are practically impracticable. To solve these problems, it is proposed to establish and regulate the lower level of the dynamic range of measurements of the intensity of the used matrix receivers and to consider the spatial and energy characteristics of the emitted field of interest to the user, depending on the set value of the lower level. It is shown that measurements with this methodology become correct and make it possible to compare the characteristics of laser beams obtained by different array detectors. Formulas are given that take into account the effect of the lower level of the dynamic range of the matrix radiation detectors on the measurement result. These formulas should be recommended for inclusion in the updated edition of the national standard GOST R ISO 11146-2008 “Lasers and laser installations (systems). Methods for measuring widths, divergence angles and propagation coefficients of laser beams. Parts 1-3”.

Ceramic Coatings Obtained on Superalloys Modified by Laser Treatment

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kobylanska-Szkaradek ◽  
L. Swadzba
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Laser Remelting ◽  
Scanning Rate ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Laser Beam Scanning

Abstract The paper presents the influence of laser-beam remelting of Al203-Ni ceramic layers spread on creep-resisting alloy by means of plasma spray upon the quality of ceramic coatings, which form thermal barrier and high temperature corrosion shield of these alloys. The examination showed that 0.103.109 W/m2 power density laser-beam scanning ensures good quality of coatings at beam moving rate 1 to 2 m/min. At smaller scanning rate, laser remelted ceramic layer spalls and chips. Better quality of the ceramic coatings can be obtained by diffusive chromoaluminizing applied prior to laser remelting. Laser-beam remelting conditions of such layers, elaborated in the course of examination, ensure pores fading, decrease of remelted layer thickness and increase of base adhesion without cracks, chips and spalls. Additionally remelted zone features either strong break up of structure or the structure is amorphic with unchanged chemical composition as to the matrix chemical composition. Obtained results are the base for the elaboration of thermal barrier technology and the technology of anticorrosion shield for creep - resisting alloys applied in high temperature power engineering.

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