Study of field electron emission properties of commercial graphite cathodes in pulse-repetitive mode

The article considers field emission cathodes from industrial graphites MG, MPG-7, and GMZ operated in the pulse-periodic mode with the pulse repetitionrate of 1 to 30 Hz. The operation of field emitters in the pulsed mode differs from operation at a constant voltage. Under stabilization of the high potential level, the amplitude of the pulses of the emission current decreases that leads to increasing the operating voltage in the pulsed mode. During operation of the graphite cathode (when the pulse current is recorded), the operating voltage at the anode stabilizes and oscillates within 5%. Operation in the direct current mode under similar conditions is accompanied by a change in the voltage value by more than 10 %.

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Comprehensive analysis of field-electron emission properties of nanosized silicon blade-type and needle-type field emitters

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Nanotechnology and Microelectronics Materials Processing Measurement and Phenomena ◽

10.1116/1.5068688 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 022903 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gleb D. Demin ◽

Nikolay A. Djuzhev ◽

Nikolay A. Filippov ◽

Petr Yu. Glagolev ◽

Iliya D. Evsikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Emission ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Field Electron Emission ◽

Emission Properties ◽

Needle Type ◽

Field Emitters ◽

Field Electron

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Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources: From Electron Beams to Energy Conversion and Optophononics

ISRN Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2014/879827 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alireza Nojeh

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Field Emission ◽

Electron Emission ◽

Electron Beams ◽

Thermionic Emission ◽

Secondary Emission ◽

Electron Sources ◽

Field Emitters ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Electron Emitters

Carbon nanotubes have a host of properties that make them excellent candidates for electron emitters. A significant amount of research has been conducted on nanotube-based field-emitters over the past two decades, and they have been investigated for devices ranging from flat-panel displays to vacuum tubes and electron microscopes. Other electron emission mechanisms from carbon nanotubes, such as photoemission, secondary emission, and thermionic emission, have also been studied, although to a lesser degree than field-emission. This paper presents an overview of the topic, with emphasis on these less-explored mechanisms, although field-emission is also discussed. We will see that not only is electron emission from nanotubes promising for electron-source applications, but also its study could reveal unusual phenomena and open the door to new devices that are not directly related to electron beams.

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Electrodeposition of Ni-Mo Defect-Free Alloy from Ammonium-Citrate Electrolyte in Pulse Current Mode

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.474 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (58-59) ◽

pp. 3585-3589

Author(s):

Sergey M. Karabanov ◽

Yulia M. Stryuchkova ◽

Dmitriy V. Suvorov ◽

Gennadiy P. Gololobov ◽

Dmitry Yu. Tarabrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulse Current ◽

Current Mode ◽

Density Variation ◽

Pulse Mode ◽

Ammonium Citrate ◽

Molybdenum Alloy ◽

Nickel Substrate ◽

Sem Images ◽

Citrate Electrolyte ◽

Electrolysis Mode

ABSTRACT Electrodeposition in pulse current mode of nickel-molybdenum alloy on a nickel substrate was studied. The range of current density variation from 2 to 9 A/dm2 was investigated. The range of pulse and pause step lengths is from tens to hundreds of milliseconds. SEM-images of applied coatings surfaces are obtained. The method of energy dispersive spectroscopy determined that the molybdenum content in the coating is 21-24 wt%. It was found that under transient pulse mode of electrolysis, with the pulse step corresponding to hundreds of milliseconds, the most rigid and smooth coatings of the electrolytic nickel-molybdenum alloy are obtained from ammonium-citrate electrolyte. It is shown that the percentage of nickel in the alloy does not depend on the electrolysis mode.

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Electron emission characteristics of metal/diamond field emitters

Diamond and Related Materials ◽

10.1016/s0925-9635(96)00677-2 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 6 (5-7) ◽

pp. 889-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Takashi Sugino ◽

Yukio Iwasaki ◽

Seiji Kawasaki ◽

Reiji Hattori ◽

Junji Shirafuji

Keyword(s):

Electron Emission ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Field Emitters

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Study on titanium carbide field emitters by field-ion microscopy, field-electron emission microscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, and atom-probe field-ion microscopy

Surface Science Letters ◽

10.1016/0167-2584(82)90422-4 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. A329

Author(s):

M. Futamoto ◽

I. Yuito ◽

U. Kawabe ◽

O. Nishikawa ◽

Y. Tsunashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Carbide ◽

Electron Emission ◽

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Auger Electron ◽

Atom Probe ◽

Probe Field ◽

Field Ion Microscopy ◽

Field Emitters ◽

Emission Microscopy ◽

Ion Microscopy

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Deposition of Diamondlike Carbon Films and Structural, Optical, and Electron Emission Characteristics

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-498-159 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 498 ◽

Author(s):

S. W. Choi ◽

M. C. Paek ◽

J. H. Lee ◽

S. U. Hong ◽

K. S. Nam

Keyword(s):

Electron Emission ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Energetic Ions ◽

Field Emitters ◽

Deposition Parameters ◽

Wide Range ◽

Graphite Structure ◽

Ir Analysis

ABSTRACTWe have deposited thin films of diamond-like-carbon by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and examined the electron emission characteristics of the optimized DLC-coated field emitters. The bonding spectra and microstractures are controlled by energetic ions depending on deposition parameters which affect the structural, optical, and electrical characteristics. Raman spectra and IR analysis identify that as-deposited DLC contains mixtures of sp2- and sp3-bonding with a wide range of hydrogen, but annealing causes its conversion to graphite structure due to a depletion of hydrogen. From the measurement of field emission characteristics, turn-on gate voltage is lowered to 50 V and anode current is increased for DLC-coated Si field emitter tip arrays.

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