scholarly journals Principal discretion and the use of out-of-school suspension in public high schools

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Seth Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High School Principals ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Student Discipline ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Study Results ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
Student Misbehavior ◽  
Principal Decision Making ◽  
Out Of School

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to analyze school principal's perception and use of out-of-school suspension as a consequence to address student misbehavior. This study was conducted on current acting high school principals in the southeast region of a Midwestern state. Participants completed a survey that consisted of items related to principal decision making as well as the use of zero-tolerance policies to determine discipline outcomes. Survey items were designed to determine how out-of-school suspensions are used in relation to the use of principal discretion and zero-tolerance policies. Principals in this study were given the opportunity to participate in follow-up interviews where principals were asked more specific questions about their use of out-ofschool suspension as a form of student discipline. Study results found that principals felt the use of out-of-school suspension were an effective consequence to address student misbehavior. Principals felt they had the autonomy to use their discretion to determine the most appropriate consequence to address student misbehavior in their respective schools. Opinions were mixed on the use of zero-tolerance policies. A majority of surveyed participants felt that zero-tolerance policies were an effective method used to address student misbehavior. However, principals who were interviewed preferred to use their discretion over zero-tolerance policies when determining the most appropriate consequence because principals wanted to be able to consider all of the circumstances of a discipline situation. Principals concluded that out-of-school suspensions are necessary in-order to protect the learning environment for all students; however, there are inconsistencies in the use of such suspensions. These inconsistencies are present through the use of principal discretion and decision making, the use of zero-tolerance policies, the length of the suspension, and the unnecessary use of suspensions for minor discipline infractions.

Black Students in Handcuffs: Addressing Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline for Students with Dis/abilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (13) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Dorothy E. Hines ◽  
Robb King ◽  
Donna Y. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Black Females ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
Out Of School

Although there are federal protections for students with dis/abilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1975, Black students with and without dis/abilities continue to be suspended and expelled at rates that exceed their peers. Still, there is limited research on how Black girls and Black boys are disciplined across suspension types, and based on their identification for special education services. The purpose of this article is to examine the overrepresentation of Black girls and Black boys with and without dis/abilities and to determine, using a quantifiable percentage, how the overrepresentation of Black students for in-school and out-of-school suspension can be eradicated. We use data from the U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Civil Rights Data Collection 2011–2012 to examine equity (justice and fairness) in disciplinary referrals using state-by-state and regional data. Using an equity formula, we analyzed national data to determine the magnitude of Black females’ and Black males’ overrepresentation in in-school and out-of-school suspensions for students with and without dis/abilities. This study indicates that Black females with dis/abilities had the highest rate of overrepresentation in the Midwest in in-school and out-of-school suspension. In comparison, Black males experienced a greater representation in in-school suspension. Regardless of geographic area Black girls and Black boys are continuously being overrepresented in disciplinary punishments. To end the over-representation of Black girls and Black boys in in-school and out-of-school suspensions, schools and policy makers must collaborate with communities of color, eliminate teacher implicit and explicit racial biases, and discontinue racially punitive school policies.

scholarly journals Factors predicting out-of-school suspensions for young children

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Bell ◽  
Donna Bayliss ◽  
Rebecca Glauert ◽  
Jeneva Ohan
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalizations ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Out Of School

IntroductionDespite limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of out-of-school suspension for rectifying behavioural issues, the practice continues. Certain demographic factors (male, ethnic minority, low SES) predict suspensions; however, developmental and family factors can also play a role. Knowledge of these factors may inform alternative practices aimed at limiting the practice of suspension. Objectives and ApproachThis study investigated the relationship between out-of-school suspensions and demographic, developmental, and family factors. Children suspended in early schooling may be particularly at risk of poor school outcomes; thus, our sample includes children in the first years of school. Linked administrative data were obtained for 14,269 children enrolled in grade 3 at public schools in Western Australia. Multilevel logistic regressions were run, grouped by school, with out-of-school suspensions predicted by: child and parent demographic characteristics; a measure of children’s school-entry development (the Australian Early Development Census); and indicators of family risk (parental psychiatric hospitalizations, parental criminal offending, child maltreatment). ResultsApproximately 2% of children had been suspended at least once by grade 3. Aboriginal children, boys, and children attending schools with high levels of socioeconomic disadvantage had significantly increased odds of being suspended from school (2 times, 6 times, and 3 times increase, respectively). Furthermore, children considered socially and emotionally vulnerable at school-entry were around 3 times more likely than their peers to be suspended in the first few years of school. Parental psychiatric hospitalizations, parental criminal offending, and child maltreatment all significantly predicted out-of-school suspensions. Odds increased exponentially with each additional family risk factor experienced in early childhood. Children experiencing all three family risk factors were almost 7 times more likely than their peers to be suspended at least once by grade 3. Conclusion/ImplicationsOur results provide further justification for the implementation of alternatives to out-of-school suspension, as children who would most likely benefit from a stable, nurturing school environment were significantly more likely to be suspended. Schools need to be better supported by inter-agency collaboration to manage the complex needs of vulnerable children.

Out-of-School Suspension of African American Youth and Progressive Education Alternatives

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Haight ◽  
Priscilla Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Education ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exclusionary Discipline ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Racial Disproportionality ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Out Of School

Racial disproportionality in out-of-school suspensions (suspensions) is a persistent, multi-level social justice and child well-being issue affecting not only youth, families, and schools but society as a whole. It is a complex, multiple-level social problem that will require an equally complex response. The design of effective remedies will require adequate understanding of the problem as well as the historical and sociocultural contexts in which it emerged and is perpetuated. Progressive educators have offered a number of alternatives to harsh and exclusionary discipline, but research is needed to examine their effectiveness, especially in reducing racial disproportionalities.

scholarly journals Islamic Integrated-Based School Principal Decision Making In Junior High School

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Vinda Devi Yana ◽  
Asmendri Asmendri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
High School Principals ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Education Organization ◽  
Principal Decision Making ◽  
The Right ◽  
Strategic Policies

School principal decision-making is essentially a change in certain conditions. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of Islamic integrated-based decision-making by the junior high school principals. Descriptive qualitative was chosen as the method of the research. Sources of data in this study were principal, vice-principal, head of administration, and teachers at SMP IT Qurrata A’yun Batusangkar. The data were collected using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The result of the study described that making decisions in an education organization could run well by doing the right procedures of analyzing problems, developing solution alternatives, making decisions after discussion, implementing the decision, and evaluating. The principal’s decision-making is a determinant of strategic policies in realizing programs at his/her school.     

An Ethical Critique of Suspension and Zero-Tolerance Policies

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Yael Efreom-Lieber ◽  
Paul S. Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Student Discipline ◽  
Discipline Problems ◽  
Australian School ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Ethical Critique

AbstractElementary and secondary school leaders advocating remediation and prevention of student discipline problems are doing so in lieu of direct development of student self-discipline (Larson, Smith, & Furlong, 2002). This shift has lead to the use of zero-tolerance strategies towards discipline (Maxcy, 2002). In this article, zero-tolerance policies — in particular, the use of out-o-school suspension — is critiqued from three ethical theory perspectives. This research argues for alternate approaches to discipline (Jackson, Boostrom, & Hansen, 1993; Skiba & Peterson, 1999) based in classical ethical theory, with specific emphasis on social justice (Rawls, 1971). Implications on Australian school systems and educational psychological development are discussed.

scholarly journals SOCIAL MEDIA’S OFFICIAL DESTINATION PROMO VIDEOS AND COUNTRY IMAGE INFLUENCING VISITING INTENTION TO RISKY DESTINATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 02`-16
Author(s):  
Dyuty Firoz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Travel Decision

Social media destination promo videos (DPVs), are among the most important information sources of travel decision-making for their interactive and sharing features, and outstanding destination promotion strategy. Country image is also another important factor for travel decision-making. This study’s purpose is to assess whether the social media DPVs like DMOs’ promo videos and country image have any impact on visiting intentions towards risky destinations. A quantitative method was used for this study. Data was collected by online questionnaires, and 609 valid responses were considered for the analysis of the study. The results showed that the country's image positively influences the attitude of young tourists towards the country and that attention towards the promo videos positively influences young tourists’ overall emotions, attitudes, social norms, interests, desires and behaviours toward visiting a risky destination. This study results would be beneficial for those who are interested in using social media DPVs as part of their destination-promotion strategy, and also can guide destination-marketers to monitor and create better destination promotional contents in social media platforms, to encourage tourism to the destinations, especially risky ones.

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