scholarly journals Striped Lynx Spider Oxyopes salticus (Hentz 1845) (Arachnida: Araneae: Oxyopidae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel B. Lietzenmayer ◽  
Ronald D Cave ◽  
Lisa A Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Insect Prey

The striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus (Hentz), is a small, spiny-legged spider and generalist predator that feeds on a wide variety of insect prey, including several economically important insect pests. This lynx spider species is one of the most abundant beneficial spider species in gardens, yards, and agricultural fields throughout North America. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1259 The article is a Featured Creature article on the striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus.http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/SPIDERS/striped_lynx.html

scholarly journals Transgenerational Effects of a Neonicotinoid and a Novel Sulfoximine Insecticide on the Harlequin Ladybird

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Changchun Dai ◽  
Michele Ricupero ◽  
Zequn Wang ◽  
Nicolas Desneux ◽  
Antonio Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Harlequin Ladybird

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a generalist predator and an effective biocontrol agent of various insect pests that has been exploited for the control of aphid pests in the greenhouse and field. However, insecticides are widely used to control aphid pests worldwide and the potential non-target effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid for controlling aphid pests towards this biocontrol agent are little known. Although both sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of insects, sulfoxaflor has a novel chemical structure compared with neonicotinoids. We assessed the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid on H. axyridis simultaneously exposed via ingestion of contaminated prey and via residual contact on the host plant at LC20 and LC50 doses estimated for the cotton aphid. Imidacloprid significantly reduced the survival of H. axyridis adults compared to sulfoxaflor at the same lethal concentration against cotton aphid. Both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor reduced the proportion of ovipositing females, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, reduced the fecundity and fertility of the parental generation. In the progeny of imidacloprid- and sulfoxaflor-exposed parents, both tested LC50 concentrations significantly decreased the juvenile survival rate, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, prolonged the development time. Our findings provide evidence of the negative influence of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor at low lethal concentrations on the harlequin ladybird and on the progeny of exposed individuals, i.e., transgenerational effects. Hence, these findings stress the importance of optimizing the applications of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor for the control of aphid pests, aiming at preserving the biocontrol services provided by H. axyridis throughout the integrated pest management approach.

Risk of damage to tomato crops by the generalist zoophytophagous predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arnó ◽  
C. Castañé ◽  
J. Riudavets ◽  
R. Gabarra
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Prey Scarcity

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hem. Miridae) is a native zoophytophagous predator of the Mediterranean region, and its populations colonize tomato crops when they are not heavily treated with insecticides. This generalist predator has a high capacity for controlling insect pests, and it is currently commercially produced and released in some areas to control Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hem. Aleyrodidae). However, its status as a pest and/or as beneficial is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of damage to tomatoes in extreme conditions of prey scarcity, as well as high predator populations. Three predator densities were tested in a greenhouse cage experiment during a summer tomato crop. The crop did not display any negative effect caused by the predators during the first six weeks of interaction, independently of the density released. However, subsequently, the effect was dramatic, both on the vegetative growth of the plant and on the production of fruits. The reduction in vegetative growth was located at truss eight and it was expressed mainly by a lower number of leaves and a shorter length of the shoot above the truss. There was a significant reduction of yield with a lower number of fruits collected and a smaller mean weight, although this was not observable until truss seven. It seems that feeding on the plant by this mirid bug competed with the vegetative growth and fruiting processes of the plant in the extreme conditions of prey shortage maintained in our experiment.

NEW SPECIES OF ASCIDAE (ACARINA: MESOSTIGMATA) ASSOCIATED WITH FOREST INSECT PESTS

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert E. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Three New Species

AbstractThree new species of ascid mites are described and illustrated: Proctolaelaps subcorticalis, Lasioseius corticeus, and Gamasellodes rectiventris. All are subcortical associates of bark beetles in North America.

METALTELLA SIMONI (KEYSERLING, 1878) (AMAUROBIIDAE) NEW TO CANADA, AND RECORDS FOR TEGENARIA GIGANTEA CHAMBERLIN AND IVIE, 1935, (AGELENIDAE) IN ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Leech ◽  
Marilyn Steiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Apparent Distribution

Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878), an amaurobiid spider species precinctive to Argentina and Uruguay, and probably southern Brazil, is well established in the southeastern coastal regions of the United States (Leech 1972: 107). It was brought to North America by commercial and trade activities, hence the apparent distribution disjunction. The first Nearctic record is 23–30 July 1944, from Harahan, Louisiana (Leech 1972: 107).

scholarly journals Genome sequencing and neurotoxin diversity of a wandering spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (pond wolf spider)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yu ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Lixin Huang ◽  
Haibo Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Important Predator ◽  
High Quality Genome

AbstractSpiders constitute an extensive and diverse branch of the phylum Arthropoda. Whereas the genomes of four web-weaver spider species and a single cave-living spider have been determined, similar studies have not been reported previously for a wandering spider. The pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, is a wandering hunter that immobilizes prey using venom rather than a web. It is also an important predator against a range of agriculturally important insect pests. The increasing interest in its wandering lifestyle and in the potential of spider venom as a tool for pest control have prompted a detailed study on this wandering spider species. We have generated a high-quality genome sequence of P. pseudoannulata and analysed genes associated with the production of silk and venom toxins. Sequencing reveals that P. pseudoannulata has a large genome of 4.26 Gb. The presence of only 16 spidroin genes and four types of silk glands is consistent with the moderate use of silk and the lack of a prey-catching web. A large number of genes encode neurotoxins and there is evidence that the majority are highly selective for invertebrates. Comparison between spider species reveals a correlation between spider neurotoxin selectivity for target organisms and spider prosoma size, suggesting a possible coevolution of these two features. The genome data provides valuable insights into the biology of P. pseudoannulata and its potential role as a natural enemy in pest control.

The entomology of vineyards in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-715
Author(s):  
Charles Vincent ◽  
Tom Lowery ◽  
Jean-Philippe Parent
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Activity

AbstractIn Canada, viticulture has been practiced since the arrival of European settlers. After a period of low activity due to the prohibition in North America, viticulture enjoyed a renaissance in the 1970s such that it became a rapidly growing industry in Canada. It is currently practiced mainly in five provinces,i.e., British Columbia, Ontario, Québec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. In Eastern Canada, several species of wild vines (VitisLinnaeus; Vitaceae) grew naturally before cultivation of domesticated cultivars and these had their entomofauna. In contrast, no wild vines grew in British Columbia. As a consequence, the insect fauna varies according to the provinces and the regions and the agroclimatic conditions. Here we review the literature relevant to viticultural entomology in Canada and discuss the main grape insects. It is noteworthy that certain insect pests of grapes were the subject of the first issues ofThe Canadian Entomologist. Selected milestones are provided to document the evolution of research in grape entomology in the context of dynamic evolving viticultural and oenological industries. In recent years, the arrival of several invasive species challenged the sustainability of integrated pest management programmes.

A new wolf spider species in the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Eastern Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3484 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
ANTON A. NADOLNY ◽  
ALEXANDR V. PONOMAREV ◽  
KONSTANTIN V. DVADNENKO
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Year 2000

The wolf spider genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885, contains 160 named species (Platnick 2012) and the type species of the genus is A. fabrilis (Clerck, 1757), which is a Palaearctic species like most species in the genus (Platnick 2012). The taxonomic structure of the genus has been studied in two revisions; Lugetti & Tongiorgi (1969) divided 24 species of European Alopecosa into five species groups and Dondale & Redner (1979) divided seven species from North America into three groups. Many species currently in Alopecosa do not appear to be related to the type species; hence the genus is polyphyletic and should be divided into several genera (Marusik & Kovblyuk 2011). Faunistic revisions of Alopecosa have been produced for Italy (Lugetti & Tongiorgi 1969), Romania (Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971), North America (Dondale & Redner 1979), China (Song et al. 1999) and Sweden (Almquist 2005). In the Ukraine and European Russia, 18 and 22 species have been reported, respectively (Mikhailov 1997, 2000). Twenty species of Alopecosa have been described since the year 2000 (Platnick 2012), including one from Central Europe (Czech Republic and Slovakia) (Buchar 2001), one from Greece (Buchar 2001), one from Southwestern Russia and six species from Western Kazakhstan (Ponomarev 2007, 2008, 2009).

THE DURRA STEM BORER Sesamia cretica Led. A NEW PROBLEM IN IMPORTED EUROPEAN BROOM CORN

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. U. Monro
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Plant Quarantine ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Normal Host ◽  
Sesamia Cretica ◽  
Pyrausta Nubilalis

Importations into North America of shipments of broom corn (Sorghum vugare var. technicum) have always been a source of anxiety to plant quarantine officials. It is well known that the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis Hbn., was almost certainly introduced onto this continent in this commodity (22), a surmise which receives perennial support from the continued finding of this species in consignments from various parts of Europe. Broom corn is usually imported in bales weighing from 100 to 250 pounds each, (Figures 1 and 2) which contain both the brush and anything up to 12 inches of stalk necessary for the proper binding of the broom. It is interesting to note that in the country of origin, after the broom corn is harvested, it is dried and curcd and is then usually subected to the fumes of burning sulphur overnight in a closed room in order to bring about, through bleaching, a uniform yellowish colour desired in the trade. None of these treatments have any appreciable effect on the populations of living borers found in the stalks. In addition to insect pests which feed in or on broom corn as a normal host, other species may use the borings of the normal pests as sites of hibernation or pupation. Under some conditions, no doubt, stalks may be left lying in the field for some time prior to harvesting, and thus constitute a refuge for many potential pests.

Temporal, spatial, sex-ratio and body-size heterogeneity of prey species taken by the beewolf Philanthus sanbornii (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 339 (1290) ◽  
pp. 397-423 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Flight Season ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Size Heterogeneity ◽  
A Site

More than 3000 prey representing 108 species of bees and wasps were identified from exoskeletal remains taken from nests of the beewolf Philanthus sanbornii at a site in eastern Massachusetts over a period of five years. Quantitative reference samples totalling more than 4000 items were collected from flowers at the same site over a period of four years. These data give a uniquely detailed view of the way in which a generalist predator exploits a diverse prey community. Most species show striking year-to-year variation in relative abundance, in both the prey and reference collections, but the overall abundances of species tend to be similar in the two collections, as do their sex ratios. This shows: (i) that P. sanbornii takes virtually every bee and wasp species found at flowers during its flight season (except for the relatively small number of species too large to handle); (ii) that prey are taken at rates roughly proportional to their local abundances (with a few exceptions); and (iii) that the local bee and wasp communities have lively dynamics (at least on spatial scales equivalent to the flight ranges of P. sanbornii females). Prey species are non-randomly distributed among nests of individual females within years, and among cells within nests, in a pattern suggesting that females often return repeatedly to hunting sites at which they have had success; the pattern does not suggest that individual females develop preferences for particular prey taxa. The size-abundance distributions of female bees appear to be trimodal at both the individual and species levels, most strongly so when cleptoparasitic species are removed from the sample. Such patterns are seen weakly or not at all in the size-abundance distributions of male bees, male wasps, and female wasps. Bees and wasps of both sexes visit flowers for nectar, but only non-parasitic female bees harvest pollen; this suggests that the multimodality may be caused by aspects of pollen collection that tend to scale with size. The seven Philanthus species of eastern North America vary greatly in size, but they share a common set of relatively small prey species. As in other parts of North America, larger species of Philanthus tend to have relatively broad diets because they also take larger prey that are not available to their smaller congeners. However, long-tongued bees appear to be under-represented in the diets of most North American Philanthus outside the zebratus species group.

scholarly journals Globally distributed occurrences utilised in 200 spider species conservation profiles (Arachnida, Araneae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cardoso ◽  
Vaughn Shirey ◽  
Sini Seppälä ◽  
Sergio Henriques ◽  
Michael Draney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Data Reporting ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Online Sources ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Coordinate Data ◽  
Occurrence Records

Data on 200 species of spiders were collected to assess the global threat status of the group worldwide. To supplement existing digital occurrence records from GBIF, a dataset of new occurrence records was compiled for all species using published literature or online sources, from which geographic coordinates were extracted or interpreted from locality description data. A total of 5,104 occurrence records were obtained, of which 2,378 were from literature or online sources other than GBIF. Of these, 2,308 had coordinate data. Reporting years ranged from 1834 to 2017. Most records were from North America and Europe, with Brazil, China, India and Australia also well represented.

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