scholarly journals Survival Analysis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Iranian Patients: A Multistate Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Amiri ◽  
◽  
Ghodrat Roshanaei ◽  
Meysam Olfati Far ◽  
Rasoul Najafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multistate Models ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background and Aim: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a chronic and potentially life-threatening disease. Numerous factors affect its development and progression. Therefore, the present study attempted to identify characteristics impacting the prognosis and progression of AIDS using multistate models. Methods & Materials: The present retrospective study consisted of 2185 patients affected with HIV referring to Behavioral Disease Counseling Centers in Tehran City, Iran, from 2004 to 2013. We considered multiple states of AIDS, tuberculosis, and tuberculosis/AIDS in the natural history of the disease (from the onset of HIV disease until death occurred). Then, we applied the multistate models, to examine the effect of contextual demographic and clinical variables on survival time; subsequently, the transition probabilities of HIV. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.117). Results: HIV-Related deaths in individuals with an incarnation history were 2.40 times higher than in those without the prison history. Death risk was also 1.70 and 1.80 times higher in those aged 25-44 and 44 years, respectively, compared to the individuals aged less than 25 years. An inverse relationship was also found between CD4 levels and the risk of death in our participants. Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, age, and history of imprisonment were the main factors in the progression of the disease and subsequent death in HIV patients. Thus, preventing the further spread of the disease to the community and controlling the disease in the patients requires targeted educational and therapeutic interventions; accordingly, the community will be familiarized with transmission routes and the preventing principle of disease. Furthermore, we can encourage patients to visit the healthcare centers early.

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin’s Plasmablastic Lymphoma as Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110146
Author(s):  
Roopam Jariwal ◽  
Nadia Raza ◽  
Janpreet Bhandohal ◽  
Everardo Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Plasmablastic Lymphoma ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Head Neck

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that manifests in patients with the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more prominently in the head, neck, and oral mucosal region. The diagnosis of this rare lymphoma serves as a concomitant diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The case is of a 33-year-old previously healthy male, with an unknown diagnosis of HIV with a painful right mandibular mass. He was subsequently diagnosed with PBL and HIV. This case of PBL illustrates the importance of linking a rare and potentially life-threatening diagnosis as a possible first manifestation of HIV.

Decreased Thymus Size on Chest Radiography: A Sign of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
ALAN MEYERS ◽  
NICHOLAS PEPE ◽  
WILLIAM CRANLEY ◽  
KATHLEEN MCCARTEN
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Thymus Size

The early diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infancy is clinically important but remains problematic in the asymptomatic child born to an HIV-infected mother. In addition, many such women are unaware of their HIV infection until their child manifests symptomatic HIV disease. Nonspecific signs of pediatric HIV infection, such as generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or persistent thrush, may be important in alerting the clinician to consider the possibility of HIV infection in the child whose history of HIV risk is unknown. We report one such sign which may be evident on plain chest radiography. The pathology of the thymus gland in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described by Joshi and colleagues,1-3 who have reported precocious involution with marked reduction in thymus size and weight.

scholarly journals An immigrant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with a rash: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1982961
Author(s):  
Connie Zhang ◽  
Megan A Sander
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Work Up

A 58-year-old woman from Zimbabwe, with a history of untreated human immunodeficiency virus, presented with leonine facies and a diffuse rash. The rash occurred in the context of a 1-year history of constitutional symptoms and cognitive decline. Laboratory investigations confirmed that her human immunodeficiency virus had progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Through imaging, tissue biopsies, and polymerase chain reaction, a diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was made. Since there was no history of travel and histoplasmosis is not locally endemic, the patient likely contracted this fungal infection more than 7 years ago, while living in Africa. We speculate that the histoplasmosis remained latent until her immune system began to decline. The work-up and management of this rare cutaneous presentation of a systemic disease, which should be added to the list of “great mimickers” in dermatology, are discussed.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AMONG MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL STUDENTS IN AL-AFAQ COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, SANA'A CITY, YEMEN.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Nousiba L. Jaml ◽  
Hussein M. Kolaise ◽  
Amal J. Al-Farran ◽  
Hanan N. Serri ◽  
Ahmed A. Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Technical Students ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). . HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it suppress the immune system and interferes with the ability of body to fight against infection and disease. There's no cure for HIV/AIDS, but medications can dramatically slow the progression of the disease. These drugs have ability to reduce AIDS deaths in many developed nations. A number of knowledge, attitude, and practice studies conducted in different parts of world reveal widespread misconceptions about the disease among young people. Medical students are the budding doctors of tomorrow and have just entered the noble profession. Thus, there is a need to assess impact of education on knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among students. The results of this study showed that the education had an effect on the students who participating; It also helped increase knowledge and change misconceptions about the disease.

scholarly journals Derechos Humanos y Salud: El caso del VIH/SIDA.

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto UGARTE GIL ◽  
J. Jaime MIRANDA MONTERO
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Clinical Aspect ◽  
The Political ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Moral Economic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The history of HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) has shown us, continuously, many experiences in the political, moral, economic, social, therapeutic and clinical areas, amongst others. Due to the various and diverse implications of this complex problem, a solitary analysis framed by only one of those fields results difficult and inappropriate. We argue that a human rights approach should be undertaken to understand and address this problem. The advantage of this type of analysis goes beyond clinical aspect of the patient, and thus provides an integral vision that every health professional should handle in a day-to-day basis.

Natural History of Vertically Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Objective. To describe the natural history of vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design. This was a prospective follow-up study. Setting. Ten centers of the European Collaborative Study participated. Subjects. One hundred twenty-four HIV-infected children were born to women known to be infected at or before the time of delivery since 1986. Main outcome measures. Deaths, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and HIV-related symptoms and signs were assessed. Results. In this cohort, treatment before the onset of AIDS was not universal. Less than 10% of children were treated with Zidovudine or intravenous gamma globulin before 6 months of age, with a steady increase to about 40% after 3 years of life. An estimated 23% (95% confidence interval: 15% to 31%) of infected children develop AIDS before the age of 1 year, and nearly 40% (27% to 50%) by 4 years. Ten percent (5% to 16%) die before age 1 year and 28% (16% to 41%) before age 5 years. Twenty-four months after the AIDS diagnosis, an estimated 48% (36% to 70%) of the children are still alive. Although after the age of 1 year immunologic abnormalities became increasingly common, the proportion of infected children with significant HIV-related symptoms or signs declined. Conclusion. The progression of disease in this cohort of vertically infected children was not as fast as previously suggested, even though treatment was not widespread. Although infected children have a high risk of developing some manifestation of HIV infection early in life, serious HIV-related symptoms became less frequent with increasing age. This has important implications for health planning and care provision.

scholarly journals Aspergillus mastoiditis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Yates ◽  
T. Upile ◽  
P. R. Axon ◽  
J. de Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Case History ◽  
Acute Mastoiditis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AbstractWe present the case history of a patient who was severely immunocompromised due to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and who subsequently developed acute mastoiditis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal otomastoiditis is a rarely reported complication of HIV infection. A high index of suspicion is required in these patients to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

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