THE PROTECTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF CORN SILK EXTRACT ON UROLITHIATIC AND HYPERTENSIVE RATS INDUCED BY ETHYLENE GLYCOL

Renal stone is one of the most problems worldwide. They are affected by different factors such as environmental effectors such as nutrient as well as family history. Corn silk (CS) used as antiurolythiasis. This study investigated the impact of corn silk extract as the management of renal stone formation, hypertension, and hepatoprotective. This work has been carried out on rats at Faculty of science Sana’a University, University of Science, and Technology Laboratories. Twenty-four male albino rats with weighing range between (200 g to 250g) were taken. They were divided in four groups (each group consists of 6animals). The first group of rats took normal diet and named as negative control (Co) whereas, the second group took normal diet with ethylene glycol (EG) (0.75%) and 1% ammonium chloride (AC) for 28 days and serve as positive control (Po). The third and fourth groups took the same substances as inPo group with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of corn silk (CS) for 28 days respectively.Blood samples were collected from rats on last day of the experiment. All the tested samples showed a significant antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity and a notifiable decrease in serum aldosterone hormone, angiotensin comforting enzyme urea and creatinine levels comparedto positive control. Shown to significantly increased AST, ALT, and LDH in comparison to the urolithiatic group and near of normal group.In conclusion, the present study emphasizes the safe herbal remedies of CS as anti-hypertensive and antioxidants, as well as antiurolithiatic and hepatoprotective.

تأثير وزن الكتكوت بعمر يوم واحد على صفات النمو وقطعيات الذبيحة لفروج اللحم ROSS

أجريت التجربة في حظيرة قسم الانتاج الحيواني كلية ناصر للعلوم الزراعية م/ لحج خلال الفترة 28/1/2020 لغاية 2/3/2020م، استهدفت الدراسة دراسة فئتين وزنيتين للكتاكيت، استخدم في التجربة 90 كتكوت من سلالة Ross بعمر يوم واحد غير مجنس قسمت هذه الكتاكيت إلى معاملتين على أساس الوزن المعاملة الاولى T1 45 كتكوت بوزن 39-40جم واحتوت المعاملة الثانية T2 أيضا على 45 كتكوت بوزن 44-45جم قسمت الكتاكييت في المجموعتين اى ثلاثة مكررات بوقع 15 كتكوت لكل مكرر، أظهرت النتائج وجود تفوق معنوي عند مستوى (P<0.05) في صفتي وزن الجسم ووزن الذبيحة حيث تفوقت المعاملة T2 على المعاملة T1 و كانت الأوزان 1576.66 و 1126.جم و 1643.33، 1193.33 جم لكلا من وزن الجسم ووزن الذبيحة على التوالي في حين لم تظهر النتائج اي تفوق معنوي في كمية العلف المستهلك ومعامل التحويل الغذائي ونسبة التصافي. اظهرت المعاملة T2 تفوقا وزنيا على المعاملة T1 في وزن الصدر، الأفخاذ الظهر والرقبة وكانت الاوزان 391، 310، 203.33، 78 جم و 433، 316.67، 8، 225، 86.67 جم، للمعاملة T1 و T2 على التوالي، وهذه الزيادة لم تصل حد المعنوية.

THE PREVALENCE OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS (VVC) AMONG WOMEN SUFFERING VAGINITIS ATTENDED A PRIVATE GYNECOLOGICAL CLINIC, ADEN-YEMEN

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among women suffering vaginitis. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 women between the age of 15 to 45 years (mean age 39 years), attended a private gynecological clinic in Aden with symptoms of vaginitis between January and June 2019. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on the participants’ sociodemographic data and medical history. Direct microscopic examination (10% KOH), culture on SDA, germ tube test and gram staining were used to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and to differentiate between C.albicans and non-albicans species. Out of 120 women, 25 (20.8%) were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and 95 (79.2%) with non-candidal vaginitis. C.albicans was the most prevalent with a prevalence rate of 17.5%. Although not statistically significant, vulvovaginal candidiasis tended to be more prevalent among women with 25-34 years. No statistically significant association between the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and educational level and marital status. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was slightly high in Aden and Candida albicans was the most common causative agent of VVC. In the clinical diagnosis of VVC, both clinical criteria and microbiological tests must be used. Further study is needed to find out the prevalence of RVVC among women in the Aden governorate.

FOCUS SHAPING OF CYLINDRICALLY POLARIZED VORTEX BEAMS BY A LINEAR AXICON

Focus shaping of cylindrically polarized vortex beams (CPVBs) by linear axicon is studied theoretically. Vector diffraction theory has been used to derive the expressions of the light field in the focal region. It is shown that a different intensity distribution in the focal region can be obtained by adjusting the topological charge, the polarization rotation angle and the numerical aperture maximal angle. A focal spot, a dark channel and a flat-topped shapes are formed by choosing proper values of parameters. A controllable polarization state of dark channel is obtained. The different focal region shapes may find wide applications such as material processing and optical tweezers.

EFFECT OF MORINGA AND OLIVE LEAVES POWDER CONSUMPTION ON HYPERGLYCEMIC STATE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (A PILOT STUDY)

Study showed effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Olea europaea (OE) leaves powder on lowering blood sugar levels in diabetes patients. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of MO and OE leaves powder on blood glucose control in therapy type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Diabetic patients (160 with diet-controlled type 2 diabetes and 250 non-diabetic) healthy volunteers were asked to fast for 13 hours on three occasions. Blood glucose was measured before and after eating 100g of white carbohydrates (bread) (at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes). On their second and third study visits, they were given 1g and 2g respectively, of Moringa oleifera and Olea europaea leaves powder for 30 minutes after eating the bread.Ingestion of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Olea europaea (OE) leaves powder had no effect on blood glucose in non-diabetic participants, but in diabetic patients, Moringa oleifera and Olea europaea powder reduced post-prandial glycaemia in diabetic patients. A larger study is needed to define the optimal dose and to assess whether this translates into longer-term benefits.

INDOOR RADON-222 CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS AT FACULTY OF EDUCATION, YAFEA, ADEN UNIVERSITY, YEMEN, USING CR-39 NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTOR

In this study, the activity concentration of indoor radon-222, annual effective dose, exhalation rate of radon, and relative risk of lung cancer are reported for different indoor buildings (students' dorms, teachers' dorms, offices, laboratories, library, lecture halls, and materials store) in Faculty of Education, Yafea, Aden University, Yemen. Sealed-can technique based on CR-39 nuclear tracks detector was distributed to radon gas survey. Twenty six radon detectors were mounted in seven buildings. The Radon measurements were performed for 90 days between December 2020 and March 2021. The results showed that the radon concentration ranges from 23,18 Bq m-3 to 66.49 Bq m-3 with an average value 35.86 Bq m-3, the annual effective dose ranges from 0.6 mSv y-1 to 1.639 mSv y-1 with an average value 0.979 mSv y-1, the exhalation rate ranges from 10.03 m Bq m-2 h-1 to 28.50 mBq m-2 h-1 with an average value 15.68 mBq m-2 h-1 and relative risk of lung cancer ranges from 1.02 to 1.06 with an average value 1.03. A strong correlation coefficient has been observed between radon concentration and radon exhalation rate. All of the values revealed in the study were of nominal state (that is less than allowed global values) and thus have no risk for the population living in these buildings.

THE EFFECT OF WET CUPPING THERAPY (AL-HIJAMAH) ON SOME BLOOD COMPONENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Cupping therapy (CT), also known as (Al-Hijamah) is one of the therapeutic techniques that were practiced in many countries of the world in ancient times and it is still used now. The current study was aimed to evaluate some components of the venous blood and comparing the results with that in the blood withdrawn during cupping therapy (CT). The method was carried out by taking blood samples from the scarified area that were made during CT on the skin and venous blood samples. Eighteen mostly healthy male participants were selected randomly between ages 25-61 years. About 5 ml of blood samples were collected from the vein and cupping site for each participant and biochemical parameters that are blood glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol were analyzed. All studied parameters were high in the cupping blood in comparison with the venous blood where it was noted that cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), as well as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), were statistically significant at (p<0.001) while high-density lipoproteins (HDL), blood sugar and uric acid were statistically significant at (p=0.01), and urea was statistically significant at (p=0.05), while creatinine did not give statistical significance at (p>0.05). The current study is consistent with other studies. CT helps in reducing some biological parameters that may be related to some metabolic diseases, so it could maintaining human health.

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CARICA PAPAYA L. SEEDS GROWN IN THE REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of Carica papaya L. seeds extracts collected from Al Hudaydah city, Yemen (Latitude: 14°47′52″ N Longitude: 42°57′16″ E) during the months of January and February 2021. The seed was extracted with different solvents by the cold percolation method. The disk diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial activity of the seed extract against six bacterial and four fungal strains. Spectrometric methods were employed to calculate the total alkaloids, anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic, quinones, saponin, steroids, terpenoid, tannin, and phenols contents, as well as the antioxidant activities. Antibacterial and antifungal activity tests exhibited that the selected microorganisms are highly sensitive to the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of C. papaya L. seeds, followed by chloroform, water, and n-hexane extracts. The samples also demonstrated a significant DPPH, FRAP, and APTS radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, alkaloids, steroids, quinones, anthocyanin, tannin, and phenols, all of which potentially contribute to the antimicrobial activities of C. papaya L. seeds.

CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HEAVY OIL OF ALIF FIELD – MARIB- YEMEN

The study presents the results of the catalytic cracking process of heavy oil of the Alif – Marib field in Yemen. The best conditions of the process, pressure, temperature, and using zeolite HZSM-5 as catalyst were selected. Based on the characteristics of the heavy oil, the analyses were done using a gas chromatography technique and catalytic cracking unit designed in the laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petrochemical faculty at Al-Baath University- Syria., refining process was done in Refining Company- Homs. The results of simple distillation of the cracking products at different range of temperature were (Gasoline= 19.5%; Kerosene=15%; Light gas oil= 36%; Distillate residue= 29.5%) and gases (CH4= 67.55 %; C2H4= 14.66 %; C2H6= 7.48 %; H3H8= 9.24%; C4H10=1.06 %). Extraction by sulfuric acid was done. An 84.044% oil-free aromatic has been gotten. In order to remove total paraffins from the oily cut that has a high pour point, different solvents were used. The properties of the oily cut from which the paraffin wax was removed gave encouraging results.

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS RESISTANCE AGAINST CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC IN ADEN-YEMEN

The study was carried out to determine antibacterial resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), isolated from clinical samples (n: 352) of patients during the period, from January 2019 to July 2020 in five governmental and private medical laboratories of Aden governorate, Yemen. The results showed the percentage for resistance ratio is differentiated between samples and the category of cephalosporin antibiotic groups. The highest percentage of resistance was in the wound sample for Cefadroxil, Cefuroxime, and Ceftriaxone at (100%), in addition to 100% in the pus, CSF, and sputum samples for Ceftriaxone antibiotic. Moreover, Cefadroxil has 100 % of resistance in semen, ear, and sputum samples. However, the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the pharyngeal sample not showed any resistance to all cephalosporin antibiotic groups.