Dealing with sentient surplus: A moral economy of greyhound rehoming

This paper explores greyhound rehoming as a practice through which the sentient surplus of New Zealand's racing industry is dealt with. We bring nature-society geography and moral economy scholarship into productive alignment to ask how and to what effect new forms of value are (re)generated from greyhound bodies and lives that have been cast outside the pale of value as surplus. Accounts offered by both literatures tend not to venture beyond the commodity and are yet to fully engage with the entangled nature of morality and the economy. We seek to address these gaps by mapping the workings of a project that attempts to deal with the moral-economic excess of a capitalist nature(culture). By drawing on interviews with five key rehoming actors and an analysis of industry-affiliated documentary material, we trace the material and discursive practices that are aligned around surplus greyhounds in the interest of making value realisable again. Out of our analysis emerge three configurations through which the bodies and labours of these creatures are brought back into the pale of value: as companions-in-waiting, as undead things, and as transformational figures. While these orientations are contested and the value generated from them unevenly distributed, they see value in this capitalist natureculture be reworked so that accumulation can continue. We argue that sentient surplus is a productive paradox that allows the moral and the political to be brought into a fraught but ultimately productive alignment that obscures the contingencies, asymmetries and grim realities of value creation and distribution in greyhound worlds.

A missing person as a copyright holder

The disappearance of people is a phenomenon that requires in-depth multi-faceted analysis. The law does not regulate the situation of a missing person between their disappearance and being declared dead. During this time, in the understanding of the law, a missing person remains an entity that can dispose of their property rights and personal rights, but because of the disappearance people are unable to do that, so his/her rights are exposed to be lost or unlawfully used by other persons. As a result, many doubts must be faced by people close to the missing person. This work discusses the copyrights of the missing person, its execution and protection in the time between the disappearance and declaring the person dead. As an introduction, the subject of copyright (work) is discussed and the division of copyright into moral rights and property rights is indicated. Next, the paper presents the possible ways of proceeding in the event of a disappearance, including a minor, spouse, and co-creator. The possibility of appointing a custodian and submitting a request to a prosecutor is indicated, and an analogous application of provisions in the event of death is proposed. Moreover, a situation where an action to protect moral/economic copyrights has been brought before a person missing (the proceedings are pending) is noted. Finally, the consequences of declaring a missing person to be dead are discussed. Based on the considerations carried out, it can be concluded that there is no single appropriate legal solution in a situation where there is a need to exercise and protect the personal/economic copyrights of a missing person. The proposed solutions of proceeding in the missing person case are not specifically designed in the event of a disappearance, and their application is not established in practice. It seems that the court should recognize the need to protect the interests of the missing person and allow the proceedings to be conducted when referring to one of the proposed solutions. Adaptation of the indicated solutions, in the face of the forced inactivity of the missing person, should guarantee the protection of his/her rights. De lege ferenda, it is worth considering the general regulation of a person’s situation from the moment of his/her disappearance until he/she is declared dead. This could be done by introducing a provision providing for the possibility of appointing a custodian to handle the missing person’s affairs.

Fundamental Code of Natural Laws in Ifá́ ́́ Divination as Agents of Morality for Good Governance in Nigeria

Ifá is the natural wisdom and knowledge concerning all life activities divinely revealed to Ọ́ rúnmìlà by Olódùmarè, God in Yorùbá belief. It is the living foundation and custodian of the deity, moral, economic, language, religion, healing arts, tradition, culture and metaphysical orders. However, the concern of this paper is on the moral contents of the natural laws in Ifá corpus. Basically, there are two fundamental codes of natural laws in Ifá divination under which all other laws in Ifá exist. The first law enjoined every human being to acknowledge Olódùmarè as the Supreme Being and father of the universe who created all things. While the second law says “do unto others what you want them do unto you.” However, it is quite unfortunate that, today, these laws that linked human relationships with the Supreme Being and the dos and don’ts of the divinities and those that hold the society together in harmonious relationships are no longer in proper use. This is evident in the lack of fear for the Creator, mismanagement of public funds, embezzlement and political killings, to mention a few. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the natural laws in Ifá and suggest how it can help sustain our fragile democracy as it did in the traditional society in the past for the sake of our future. The paper is premised on Matthew Flanagan’s theory of divine commands which asserts that what is moral is determined by what God commands, and to be moral is to follow his commands.

Material Scarcity and Unethical Economic Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Individuals around the globe experience different forms of material resource scarcity in terms of aspects such as hunger, thirst, or financial strains. As experiences of material scarcity have been found to make individuals more risk-taking, impulsive, and focused on regaining resources in the short-term, a growing body of research has investigated how such scarcity affects moral economic behavior. Yet, findings remain mixed and at times contradictory, thus calling for a systematic meta-analytical review on this overarching topic. In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively how material resource scarcity affects moral economic behavior. We analyze a comprehensive dataset including 44 published and unpublished studies comprising a total of 6,921 respondents across four distinct types of material scarcity: financial scarcity, physiological scarcity, scarcity reminders, and lower social class. Our findings show that acute scarcity significantly increases the propensity to engage in unethical economic behavior (gfinancial = .24, gphysiological = .39, greminders = .32). Importantly, we find no evidence that chronic experiences of scarcity in the form of low social class affect unethical economic behavior (gsocial class = .02). These results appear robust to the influence of publication bias and contextual sensitivity. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of the psychological and moral consequences of scarcity and elaborate on implications for public policy.

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Legal Framework of Global Value Chains

What is the place of voluntary self-regulation in today’s international trade? Can we continue to understand the contract in its relation to the historical unity of state and law considering the massive transformation of the closely related dichotomies between national and international, public and private, and hard law and soft law? What is the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the contemporary debate over global value chains (GVCs)? This paper addresses on the role of law in societal challenges arising from the kaleidoscopic view of globalization. GVCs operate through interdependent contracts and in relation to multiple normative orders that impose moral, economic, and legal obligations. This paper seeks to re evaluate the role of contract law in its relation to sustainable and ethical global trade. The perspective it develops prioritizes the interaction between extra-legal considerations in contract law and the momentum of CSR as well as the historical dynamics of law, economics, and politics.

Material Scarcity and Unethical Economic Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Individuals around the globe experience different forms of material resource scarcity in terms of aspects such as hunger, thirst, or financial strains. As experiences of material scarcity have been found to make individuals more risk-taking, impulsive, and focused on regaining resources in the short-term, a growing body of research has investigated how such scarcity affects moral economic behavior. Yet, findings remain mixed and at times contradictory, thus calling for a systematic meta-analytical review on this overarching topic. In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively how material resource scarcity affects moral economic behavior. We analyze a comprehensive dataset including 44 published and unpublished studies comprising a total of 6,921 respondents across four distinct types of material scarcity: financial scarcity, physiological scarcity, scarcity reminders, and lower social class. Our findings show that acute scarcity significantly increases the propensity to engage in unethical economic behavior (gfinancial = .24, gphysiological = .39, greminders = .32). Importantly, we find no evidence that chronic experiences of scarcity in the form of low social class affect unethical economic behavior (gsocial class = .02). These results appear robust to the influence of publication bias and contextual sensitivity. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of the psychological and moral consequences of scarcity and elaborate on implications for public policy.

COVID-19 and the modern plantation: Debunking the neoliberal moral economy

Plantations have long been justified by moral and racial hierarchies that value specialised, export-oriented producers over domestic or subsistence-oriented producers. In this paper, I associate this value hierarchy with the neoliberal moral economy, explain its roots in classical political economy, provide examples of its workings and argue that the Covid-19 crisis provides a crucial opportunity to debunk the neoliberal moral economy. Collective experiences of food insecurity wrought by the pandemic expose the fallacy of central moral economic values underpinning industrial capitalist food supply chains, such as comparative advantage. Shared experiences of food supply chain failures, borne by people in the global North as well as the South, strengthen the moral and economic legitimacy of alternatives.

Moral Economic Behavior of Small-Medium Enterprises in Three Provinces During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this research is to identify the condition of MSMEs and the actions taken to survive the COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects in this study were MSMEs in three provinces, namely East Java (Surabaya and Gresik), Central Java (Pekalongan and Cilacap), and Riau (Pekanbaru). The method used in this research is a literature review with a descriptive research type. This means that the data in this study are secondary data from the research results of other researchers. The literature sources in this thesis are five journals of research results on MSMEs in East Java (Surabaya and Gresik), Central Java (Pekalongan and Cilacap), and Riau (Pekanbaru) during the COVID-19 pandemic. To carry out the analysis, the researcher used the concept of J. Scott's (1981) moral economic behavior theory which has two basic assumptions. It is a subsistence economy and safety-first behavior to avoid risk. The results, first, the researchers looked at the conditions of MSMEs in East Java, Central Java, and Riau which was in a subsistence condition or was in minimal conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic such as decreased sales turnover, difficulty in raw materials, reduced consumers due to social restrictions and regulations. the distribution system was also obstructed because of the social restrictions imposed by the government. Second, the researchers also looked at the moral economic behavior & safety first of MSME actors in two categories. The first category is the one that has a positive impact on the behavior such as improving the quality of production, keeping product prices affordable, and maintaining good relations with consumers to form consumer loyalty to MSMEs. Then, for the second category, those that have a negative impact on the sustainability of MSMEs in the midst of a pandemic can be seen in the use of conventional marketing methods, lack of innovation in products and some even implement a “loss-sold” as long as it can be sold; strategy because of lack of product quality and to minimize losses.

PEREMPUAN DALAM TAFSIR; UPAYA PEMBACAAN FEMINIS TERHADAP TEKS-TEKS AGAMA

The interpretation about women that has been carried out by Muslim scholars can be mapped into three groups. First, traditional interpretation. Interpretation by using certain subjects according to the interests and abilities of the interpreter, such as fiqh, linguistics, history or sufism. Second, reactive interpretation. It is the reaction or response of modern thinkers to a number of obstacles experienced by women who are considered to come from the Qur'an. The problems discussed and the methods used often come from feminist and rationalist ideas, but without a comprehensive analysis of the verses in question. Third, holistic interpretation. This interpretation uses a comprehensive method of interpretation and relates it to various social, moral, economic, political issues, including women's issues that have emerged in the modern era. This article will discuss Muslim feminist interpretations, including Amina Wadud, Fatima Mernissi and Asghar Ali Engineer.